Voiced labiodental affricate
Consonantal sound
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A voiced labiodental affricate ([b̪Ív] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a voiced labiodental stop [b̪] and released as a voiced labiodental fricative [v].
Features
Features of a voiced labiodental affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- There are two variants of the stop component:
- bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips. The affricate with this stop component is called bilabial-labiodental.
- labiodental, which means it is articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- The fricative component of this affricate is labiodental, articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the medianâlateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | Teochew | æªä¾ bhuê7 lai5 | [b̪͡vueêê lai˥˥] | 'future' | Allophone of /b/ before /u/ in Chaoyang dialect[1] |
| Some Central Plains Mandarin dialects | èæ¤ jÇ zhuÄ« | [tÉiâµâµb̪͡ve²â´] | 'backbone' | The labialized retroflex fricatives and affricates [ÊÊ·, tÊÊ·, tÊÊ°Ê·](sometimes including [ÊÊ·~ɻʷ]) in Old Mandarin (respectively represented by sh, zh, ch in modern Standard Mandarin) become the labiodental [f, p̪͡f, p̪͡fÊ°] (sometimes including [v]).[2]The unaspirated [p̪͡f] occasionally becomes voiced under intervocalic situations. | |
| English | Some speakers | invent | [ɪɱËb̪͡vent] | 'invent' | Allophone of /v/ after nasal consonants for some speakers. Usually occurs in fast and/or casual speech. |
| obvious | [ËÉËb̪͡viËÉs] | 'obvious' | Occasional pronunciation of a /bv/ or /pv/ consonant cluster. | ||
| Italian | Some central-south dialects[3] | in vetta | [iɱËb̪͡vet̪t̪ä] | 'at the top' | Labiodental; allophone of /v/ after nasals.[3] See Italian phonology |
| Luxembourgish[4] | Kampf am Ãnnergrond | [ËkÊ°ÉmbÍ¡v Ém ËÉnÉÉ¡Êont] | 'underground battle' | Allophone of a word-final /pf/ before a word-initial vowel. Occurs only in German loanwords.[4] See Luxembourgish phonology | |
| Ngiti[5] | abvÉ | [Äb̪͡vÉÌ] | 'thorny vine' | Less commonly [b͡β][6] | |
| Sopvoma (Mao)[7] | bvóthà | [b̪͡vótʰà ] | 'kill by goring' | Distinct from the voiced labiodental fricative [v]. | |
| Tsonga | XiNkuna dialect | shilebvu | [Êileb̪͡vu] | 'chin' | |
