市民 (身分)
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市民 (しみん、英語: Burgher) は、近世ヨーロッパの中世型都市で成立した、住民(現代の定義における市民)の中で特権を持つ一部の者の身分もしくは称号。市政を握り、その一族は中世ブルジョワジーと呼ばれる社会階層を形成した。市民と訳されるブルジョワは、城壁(ブール)に囲まれた都市に住む住民に由来している。
市民となる条件は国ごと、都市ごとに異なる[1]。例えばスロバキアでは、ある程度の財産を所有していることを証明することで、市民として認められた[2]。
- ↑ Guido J. Deboeck Flemish DNA & Ancestry: History of Three Families Over Five ... 2007
0972552677 "Those who lived outside the city could still become burghers but they would be "buiten-poorters" or outside burghers.23 The way to become a burgher was different from town to town and city to city; some cities required registration and ..."
- ↑ Mikuláš Teich, Dušan Kováč, Martin D. Brown Slovakia in History 1139494945 2011 Page 49 -"Proof of ownership of property in a given town – that is, purchase of a house or land or acquisition of the same by marriage to the daughter or widow of a burgher – was a significant condition for acceptance as a burgher. Usually two burghers ...
- ↑ Louis Simond Switzerland; Or, A Journal of a Tour and Residence in that Country 1822 "If a burgher was assassinated, all the others had a right to bring the supposed murderer to trial by judicial combat, assumere duellum; and the chronicle of 1288 adds a singular circumstance, Duellum fuit in Berne inter virum et mulierem, sed ..."
- ↑ Ulbe Bosma, Remco Raben Being "Dutch" in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire. 9971693739- 2008 "... abandoned the idea of equal rights because not all Christians could be labelled "Burgher". II someone were subject to a local head, they were obliged to perform corvee, but anyone categorised as a Burgher was exempt from this."