1894 in science
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The year 1894 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Biology
- Patrick Manson develops the thesis that malaria is spread by mosquitoes.
- Jean Pierre Mégnin publishes La faune des cadavres application de l'entomologie à la médecine légale in Paris, an important text in forensic entomology.[1]
- Alexandre Yersin and Kitasato ShibasaburÅ independently identify the bacterium later called Yersinia pestis in the 1894 Hong Kong plague.[2][3]
Chemistry
- Argon identified by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay.[4][5]
- Viscose, a form of artificial silk or rayon, is patented by Charles Frederick Cross with Edward John Bevan and Clayton Beadle.
Physiology and medicine
- Otto Binswanger describes what will become known as Binswanger's disease.
Psychology
- Psychological Review established in the United States by James Mark Baldwin and James McKeen Cattell.
Technology
- August 13 â The first Allan truss bridge, designed by Percy Allan, is completed in New South Wales.[6]
- August 14 â Oliver Lodge demonstrates "Hertzian waves" i.e. radio transmission (of Morse code) in the University of Oxford from the Clarendon Laboratory to the University Museum (200 ft; 61 m) for the British Association for the Advancement of Science[7] using a modified Branly coherer.
- November 6 â William C. Hooker of Abingdon, Illinois is granted a United States patent for a spring-loaded mousetrap.[8]
- Construction of the first oil-engined rail locomotive, an experimental unit designed by William Dent Priestman and built by his company, Priestman Brothers of Hull, England.[9]
- John Joly of Dublin devises the Joly colour screen, an additive colour photographic process for producing images from a single photographic plate.[10]
- Corn flakes are created by Will Kellogg and family for patients at their Battle Creek Sanitarium in the United States.[11]
- Astronomical photographer Julius Scheiner devises a film speed measurement system.
Awards
- Copley Medal: Edward Frankland[12]
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Karl von Zittel
Births
- January 1 â S. N. Bose (died 1974), Indian physicist.
- January 13 â Dorothée Pullinger (died 1986), French-born British production engineer.
- February 11 â Izaak Kolthoff (died 1993), Dutch 'father of analytical chemistry'.
- February 16 â Constance Tipper, née Elam (died 1995), English metallurgist.
- April 29 â Marietta Blau (died 1970), Austrian physicist.[13]
- May 5 â August Dvorak (died 1975), American educational psychologist.
- June 13 â Leo Kanner (died 1981), Austrian-born clinical child psychiatrist.
- June 14 â W. W. E. Ross (died 1966), Canadian geophysicist and poet.
- June 23 â Alfred Kinsey (died 1956), American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist, founder of the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University (Bloomington) in 1947.
- July 8 â Pyotr Kapitsa (died 1984), Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- July 17 â Georges Lemaître (died 1966), Belgian physicist.
- August 2 â Bertha Lutz (died 1976), Brazilian herpetologist and women's rights campaigner.
- November 19 â Heinz Hopf (died 1971), German mathematician.
Deaths
- January 1 â Heinrich Hertz (born 1857), German physicist.
- February 3 â Edmond Frémy (born 1814), French chemist.
- March 29 â Georges Pouchet (born 1833), French comparative anatomist.
- April 2 â Charles-Ãdouard Brown-Séquard (born 1817), Mauritian-born physiologist and neurologist.
- April 9 â Arthur Hill Hassall (born 1817), English physician, microbiologist and chemical analyst.
- April 27 â Birdsill Holly (born 1820), American hydraulic engineer.
- November 26 â Pafnuty Chebyshev (born 1821), Russian mathematician.
- October 7 â Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. (born 1809), American physician and writer.
- September 8 â Hermann von Helmholtz (born 1821), German physicist.