1975 in science
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| 1975 in science |
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| Fields |
| Technology |
| Social sciences |
| Paleontology |
| Extraterrestrial environment |
| Terrestrial environment |
| Other/related |
The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
- April 19 – Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters.
- July 17 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
- August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.
Biology
- August 7 – César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science.[1][2]
- Living specimens of the Chacoan Peccary (Catagonus wagneri), previously known only from fossils, are identified in Paraguay.[3]
Climatology
- August 8 – The term global warming is probably first used in its modern sense by Wallace Smith Broecker.[4][5][6]
Computer science
- January – Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer.
- March 5 – Hackers in Silicon Valley hold the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club.
- April 4 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen form a company at this time called Micro-Soft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to develop and sell their Altair BASIC interpreter software for the Altair 8800.[7]
- The MOS Technology 6502 is introduced. An 8-bit microprocessor designed by a small team led by Chuck Peddle for MOS Technology, it is, by a considerable margin, the least expensive full-featured microprocessor on the market.
Mathematics
- Benoit Mandelbrot coins the term fractal.
- The Harada–Norton group is discovered.[8][9]
- John N. Mather and Richard McGehee prove that for the Newtonian collinear four-body problem there exist solutions which become unbounded in a finite time interval.[10][11][12]
- The Monty Hall problem in probability is first posed, by Steve Selvin.[13][14]
Medicine
- October 16 – The last naturally occurring case of smallpox is diagnosed and treated, the victim being two-year-old Rahima Banu in Bangladesh.[15]
- Lyme disease first recognised at Lyme, Connecticut.
- Mini–mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test introduced to screen for dementia or other cognitive dysfunction.[16]
Technology
- Steven Sasson of Eastman Kodak in the United States produces the first self-contained (portable) digital camera.
