1990 in spaceflight
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First1 January
Last27 December
Total121
Successes114
| Orbital launches | |
|---|---|
| First | 1 January |
| Last | 27 December |
| Total | 121 |
| Successes | 114 |
| Failures | 5 |
| Partial failures | 2 |
| National firsts | |
| Satellite | |
| Space traveller | |
| Rockets | |
| Maiden flights | Ariane 4 40 Ariane 4 42P Atlas I Commercial Titan III Delta II 6920 Delta II 7925 Long March 2E Pegasus |
| Retirements | Delta 4925 Long March 4A |
| Crewed flights | |
| Orbital | 9 |
| Total travellers | 39 |
The following is an outline of 1990 in spaceflight.

Launches
| Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
| Remarks | |||||||
January | |||||||
| 1 January 00:07 (UTC)[1] |
|||||||
| MoD | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful; placed in graveyard orbit 20 June 2005[2] | |||
| JSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful; placed in graveyard orbit 2002[3] | |||
| Maiden flight of Commercial Titan III | |||||||
| 9 January 12:35 (UTC)[4] |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment and retrieval | 20 January 09:35 (UTC)[5] | Successful | |||
| NASA | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful; placed in graveyard orbit 24 September 2015.[7] | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts Long Duration Exposure Facility retrieval mission Leasat F5 retired 24 September 2015.[7] | |||||||
| 17 January 14:45 (UTC)[8] |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 29 January[8] | Successful | ||||
| 18 January 12:52 (UTC)[9] |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful; replaced by Kosmos 2208 12 August 1992.[10] | ||||
| 22 January 01:35 (UTC)[11] |
|||||||
| CNES | Sun-synchronous | Earth observation | In orbit | Successful; retired July, 2009.[12] | |||
| University of Surrey | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful; retired from active service in 1999[14] and used as an amateur FM radio relay until 11 November 2003.[15] | |||
| University of Surrey | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure 30 hours after launch[16] | |||
| AMSAT | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| AMSAT | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| AMSAT | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| AMSAT | Sun-synchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Maiden flight of Ariane 4 (40) UOSAT 4 ceased transmitting after 5 hours | |||||||
| 23 January 02:52 |
|||||||
| Molniya | Communications | 23 June 2003 | Successful | ||||
| 24 January 11:46 |
|||||||
| ISAS | Lunar probe | 11 April 1993 | Successful | ||||
| ISAS | Selenocentric | Lunar orbiter | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | |||
| First Japanese lunar mission Hagoromo suffered a transmitter malfunction prior to selenocentric orbit injection | |||||||
| 24 January 22:55:01 (UTC)[17][18] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 25 January 17:15 (UTC)[18] |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 19 March 1990[19] | Successful | ||||
| 30 January 11:20 (UTC)[18] |
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| Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | ||||
February | |||||||
| 4 February 12:27:03 (UTC)[18] |
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| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful; retired in the early 1990s[20] | ||||
| 6 February 16:30 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Radar calibration | 12 November | Successful | ||||
| 7 February 01:33 |
|||||||
| NASDA | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 11 February 06:16 |
|||||||
| Low Earth (Mir) | Mir EO-9 | 9 August 07:33 | Successful | ||||
| Crewed orbital flight with 2 cosmonauts | |||||||
| 14 February 16:15:01 (UTC)[21][18] |
|||||||
| DoD | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 24 May 2000[22] | Successful | |||
| DoD | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 24 May 1992[23] | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Delta II 6920 | |||||||
| 15 February 07:52 |
|||||||
| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 22 February 23:17 |
|||||||
| SCC | Intended: Geosynchronous transfer | Communications | T+ seconds | Launch failure | |||
| Intended: Geosynchronous transfer | Communications | ||||||
| Blocked water line caused rocket explosion | |||||||
| 27 February 20:59 |
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| Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 28 February 00:55 |
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| Low Earth | Earth science | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 28 February 07:50 |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 4 March 03:08 | Successful | |||
| NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts | |||||||
| 28 February 23:10 |
|||||||
| Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 28 April 00:52 | Successful | ||||
March | |||||||
| 14 March 11:52 |
|||||||
| Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Partial launch failure | |||
| Due to non-separation of second stage Intelsat 603 was released from its perigee motor into a Low Earth orbit. Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-49 attached a new perigee motor which boosted the satellite to geosynchronous orbit. | |||||||
| 14 March 15:27 |
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| Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | 1 September 1991 | Successful | ||||
| 20 March 00:25 |
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| Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 22 March 07:20 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 28 April | Successful | ||||
| 26 March 02:45 |
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| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | |||
| Signal anomaly on 21 May 1996 made the satellite unusable in the GPS constellation. | |||||||
| 27 March 16:40 |
|||||||
| Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Operational | ||||
April | |||||||
| 3 April 12:02 |
|||||||
| Low Earth (retrograde) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 3 April | |||||||
| Intended: Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 April | Launch failure | ||||
| 5 April 19:10 |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | Space Physics | 14 November 1998 | Successful | |||
| DoD | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Maiden flight of Pegasus | |||||||
| 6 April 03:13 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 7 April 13:30 |
|||||||
| AsiaSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Originally launched as Westar 6 by Space Shuttle Challenger in February 1984 on mission STS-41-B. Was stranded in an incorrect orbit and was recovered in November 1984 by Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-51-A. Westar 6 was refurbished and sold to AsiaSat who renamed it AsiaSat 1. | |||||||
| 11 April 15:00 |
|||||||
| DoD | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |||
| DoD | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |||
| DoD | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 11 April 17:00 |
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| CNES | Low Earth | Microgravity research | 27 April 06:15 | Successful | |||
| 13 April 18:53 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 22 November | Successful | ||||
| 13 April 22:28 |
|||||||
| Telkom Indonesia | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Originally launched in February 1984 as Palapa B2 by Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-41-B. Was stranded in an incorrect orbit and was recovered in November 1984 by Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-51-A. | |||||||
| 17 April 08:00 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 28 April | Successful | ||||
| 20 April 18:41 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 24 April 12:33 |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | HST deployment | 29 April 13:49 | Successful | |||
| NASA/ESA | Low Earth | Space Telescope | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts | |||||||
| 25 April 13:00 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Target | 20 February 1992 | Successful | ||||
| 26 April 01:37 |
|||||||
| Molniya | Communications | 25 February 2005 | Successful | ||||
| 28 April 11:37 |
|||||||
| Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Operational | ||||
May | |||||||
| 5 May 20:44 |
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| Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 27 May 12:27 | Successful | ||||
| Final flight of baseline Progress spacecraft | |||||||
| 7 May 18:39 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 4 July | Successful | ||||
| 9 May 17:50 |
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| DARPA | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| DARPA | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 15 May 09:55 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 28 June | Successful | ||||
| 19 May 08:32 |
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| Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 22 May 05:14 |
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| Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| First launch from Site 45/2 | |||||||
| 29 May 07:19 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 14 June | Successful | ||||
| 31 May 10:33 |
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| Low Earth (Mir) | Mir module | 23 March 2001 05:50 | Successful | ||||
June | |||||||
| 1 June 21:48 |
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| Low Earth | Astronomy | 23 October 2011 | Successful | ||||
| 8 June 05:21 |
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| US Air Force | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| US Navy | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
| US Navy | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
| US Navy | Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | |||
| 12 June 05:52 |
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| ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Final flight of Delta 4925 | |||||||
| 13 June 01:07 |
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| Molniya | Communications | 26 February 2006 | Successful | ||||
| 19 June 08:45 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 July 1990 | Successful | ||||
| 20 June 23:36 |
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| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 21 June 20:45 |
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| Intended: Molniya Achieved: Low Earth |
Early warning | In orbit | Partial Failure | ||||
| Placed in an incorrect orbit and the satellite did not communicate with the ground. | |||||||
| 23 June 11:19 |
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| Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 27 June 22:30 |
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| Low Earth | Earth Sciences | In orbit | Successful | ||||
July | |||||||
| 3 July | |||||||
| Intended: Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 July | Launch failure | ||||
| 11 July 10:00 |
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| CNES | Low Earth | Astronomy | 28 February 1992 | Successful | |||
| 16 July 00:40 |
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| SUPARCO | Low Earth | Communications | 8 December | Successful | |||
| Low Earth | Boilerplate spacecraft | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| Maiden flight of Long March 2E | |||||||
| 17 July 09:29 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 August | Successful | ||||
| 18 July 21:46 |
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| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 20 July 08:40 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 August | Successful | ||||
| 24 July 22:25 |
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| Telediffusion | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 25 July 18:13 |
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| Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 25 July 19:21 |
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| US Air Force | Geosynchronous transfer | Space Physics | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Atlas I Contact with spacecraft lost on 12 October 1991 due to onboard battery failure. | |||||||
| 30 July 00:06 |
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| Low Earth | Earth Science | In orbit | Successful | ||||
August | |||||||
| 1 August 09:32 |
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| Low Earth (Mir) | Mir EO-7 | 10 December 06:08 | Successful | ||||
| Crewed orbital flight with 2 cosmonauts | |||||||
| 2 August 05:39 |
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| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | |||
| 3 August 19:45 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 1 October | Successful | ||||
| 8 August 04:15 |
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| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 9 August 20:18 |
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| Intended: Geosynchronous | Communications | 9 August | Launch failure | ||||
| 10 August 20:18 |
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| Molniya | Communications | 6 July 2007 | Successful | ||||
| 15 August 04:00 |
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| Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 20 September 11:42 | Successful | ||||
| 16 August 09:54 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 1 September | Successful | ||||
| 18 August 00:42 |
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| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 23 August 16:17 |
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| Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | 30 August 1992 | Successful | ||||
| 28 August 07:49 |
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| Molniya | Early warning | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 28 August 09:05 |
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| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 28 August 15:45 |
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| Low Earth | Earth Science | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 30 August 22:46 |
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| MoD | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 31 August 08:00 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 14 September | Successful | ||||
September | |||||||
| 3 September 00:53 |
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| Sun-synchronous | Weather satellite | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| Sun-synchronous | Atmospheric research | 11 March 1991 | Successful | ||||
| Sun-synchronous | Atmospheric research | 24 July 1991 | Successful | ||||
| Final flight of Long March 4A | |||||||
| 7 September 11:59 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 21 September | Successful | ||||
| 14 September 05:59 |
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| Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 20 September 20:16 |
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| Molniya | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 27 September 10:37 |
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| Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 28 November 11:04 | Successful | ||||
| 28 September 07:30 |
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| Low Earth | Earth Science | In orbit | Successful | ||||
October | |||||||
| 1 October 11:00 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 30 November | Successful | ||||
| 1 October 21:56 |
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| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 4 October | |||||||
| Intended: Low Earth | ELINT | T+5 seconds | Launch failure | ||||
| First stage engine failure five seconds after launch. Subsequent explosion completely destroyed the launch pad, which was not rebuilt. | |||||||
| 5 October 06:14 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 13 October 03:59 | Successful | ||||
| 6 October 11:47 |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 10 October | Successful | |||
| ESA/NASA | Heliocentric | Solar probe | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts | |||||||
| 12 October 22:58 |
|||||||
| SBS | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 16 October 19:00 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 12 December | Successful | ||||
| 30 October 23:16 |
|||||||
| Inmarsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
November | |||||||
| 3 November 14:40 |
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| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 13 November 00:37 |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Early warning | In orbit | Operational | |||
| 14 November 06:33 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | 3 April 1991 | Successful | ||||
| 15 November 23:48 |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 20 November 21:42 | Successful | |||
| NRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | |||
| NRO | Geosynchronous | Satellite inspection Technology | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts | |||||||
| 16 November 16:30 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 4 December | Successful | ||||
| 20 November 02:33 |
|||||||
| Molniya | Early warning | 16 January 2008 | Successful | ||||
| 20 November 23:11 |
|||||||
| GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Spacenet | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Ariane 4 (42P) | |||||||
| 23 November 03:51 |
|||||||
| Molniya | Communications | 30 August 2005 | Successful | ||||
| 23 November 13:22 |
|||||||
| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 26 November 21:39 |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Delta II 7925 | |||||||
| 28 November 16:33 |
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| Low Earth | ELINT | 7 April 2000 | Successful | ||||
December | |||||||
| 1 December 15:57 |
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| US Air Force | Sun-synchronous | Weather satellite | In orbit | Successful | |||
| 2 December 06:49 |
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| NASA | Low Earth | Astronomy | 10 December 23:54 | Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts | |||||||
| 2 December 08:13 |
|||||||
| Low Earth (Mir) | Mir EO-8 | 26 May 1991 10:04 | Successful | ||||
| Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts including the first Japanese space traveler. | |||||||
| 4 December 00:48 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Naval Reconnaissance | 6 April 1992 | Successful | ||||
| 4 December 18:30 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 28 January 1991 | Successful | ||||
| 8 December 02:43 |
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| Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 10 December 07:54 |
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| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||||
| 20 December 11:35 |
|||||||
| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 21 December 06:20 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 11 June 1991 | Successful | ||||
| 22 December 07:28 |
|||||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||
| 26 December 11:10 |
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| Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 17 January 1991 | Successful | ||||
| 27 December 11:08 |
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| Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||||