1991 Nepal census
9th national census of Nepal
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The 1991 Nepal census was the 9th national census of Nepal. The census was conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics. It was the first census to formally collect data about caste and ethnicity. According to the census the total population of Nepal was 18,491,097.[1]
| 1991 Nepal Census | |
|---|---|
1991
| |
| General information | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Authority | Central Bureau of Statistics |
| Website | www |
| Results | |
| Total population | 18,491,097 ( |
| Most populous | Central (6,183,955)[1] |
| Least populous | Far-Western (1,679,301)[1] |
Working with Nepal's Village Development Committees at a district level,[2] they recorded data from all the main towns and villages of each district of the country. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.[3]
This census was followed by the 2001 Nepal census.
Key findings
Population distribution
| Ecological region | Population | Percentage (%) | Sex ratio | Annual growth rate (%) | Population density (per km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mountain | 1,443,130 | 7.8 | 98.43 | 1.02 | 27.85 |
| Hill | 8,419,889 | 45.5 | 95.34 | 1.61 | 137.25 |
| Terai | 8,628,078 | 46.7 | 103.85 | 2.75 | 253.58 |
| Nepal | 18,491,097 | 100 | 99.47 | 2.08 | 125.63 |
| Development region | Population | Percentage (%) | Sex ratio | Annual growth rate (%) | Population density (per km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern | 4,446,749 | 24.05 | 100 | 1.81 | 156.25 |
| Central | 6,183,955 | 33.44 | 104 | 2.31 | 225.61 |
| Western | 3,770,678 | 20.39 | 93 | 1.87 | 128.26 |
| Mid-Western | 2,410,414 | 13.04 | 99 | 2.09 | 56.87 |
| Far-Western | 1,679,301 | 9.08 | 96 | 2.41 | 85.95 |
| Nepal | 18,491,097 | 100 | 99 | 2.08 | 125.63 |
Population by district
| S.N | Eco-Development
Region[a] |
District | Population | Sex ratio | Annual growth
rate (%) |
Density (per km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eastern Mountain | Taplejung | 120,053 | 95 | -0.06 | 32.9 |
| 2 | Sankhuwasabha | 141,903 | 96 | 0.92 | 40.8 | |
| 3 | Solukhumbu | 97,200 | 97 | 0.97 | 29.4 | |
| 4 | Eastern Hill | Panchthar | 175,206 | 97 | 1.31 | 141.2 |
| 5 | Ilam | 229,214 | 101 | 2.51 | 134.6 | |
| 6 | Dhankuta | 146,386 | 97 | 1.20 | 164.3 | |
| 7 | Tehrathum | 102,870 | 95 | 1.07 | 151.5 | |
| 8 | Bhojpur | 198,784 | 93 | 0.31 | 131.9 | |
| 9 | Okhaldhunga | 139,457 | 95 | 0.13 | 129.9 | |
| 10 | Khotang | 215,965 | 94 | 0.16 | 135.7 | |
| 11 | Udayapur | 221,256 | 98 | 3.25 | 107.3 | |
| 12 | Eastern Terai | Jhapa | 593,737 | 102 | 2.13 | 369.7 |
| 13 | Morang | 674,823 | 103 | 2.33 | 363.8 | |
| 14 | Sunsari | 463,481 | 102 | 2.96 | 368.7 | |
| 15 | Saptari | 465,668 | 103 | 2.06 | 341.6 | |
| 16 | Siraha | 460,746 | 105 | 2.05 | 387.8 | |
| 17 | Central Mountain | Dolakha | 173,236 | 96 | 1.40 (1.54)[b] | 79.1 |
| 18 | Rasuwa | 36,744 | 107 | 1.95 | 23.8 | |
| 19 | Sindhupalchok | 261,025 | 101 | 1.16 (1.05)[b] | 102.7 | |
| 20 | Central Hill | Ramechhap | 188,064 | 93 | 1.53 (1.40)[b] | 121.7 |
| 21 | Kavrepalanchok | 324,329 | 97 | 0.54 (0.79)[b] | 232.3 | |
| 22 | Nuwakot | 245,260 | 99 | 1.89 (1.53)[b] | 218.8 | |
| 23 | Dhading | 278,068 | 98 | 1.33 (1.61)[b] | 144.4 | |
| 24 | Kathmandu | 675,341 | 108 | 4.70 (4.60)[b] | 1,709.7 | |
| 25 | Lalitpur | 257,086 | 103 | 3.32 (2.53)[b] | 667.8 | |
| 26 | Bhaktapur | 172,952 | 100 | 0.79 (1.80)[b] | 1,453.4 | |
| 27 | Makwanpur | 314,599 | 103 | 2.56 | 129.7 | |
| 28 | Sindhuli | 223,900 | 99 | 1.98 | 89.9 | |
| 29 | Central Terai | Dhanusha | 543,672 | 107 | 2.28 (2.36)[b] | 460.7 |
| 30 | Mahottari | 440,146 | 107 | 1.98 (1.89)[b] | 439.3 | |
| 31 | Sarlahi | 492,798 | 107 | 2.12 | 391.4 | |
| 32 | Rautahat | 414,005 | 107 | 2.19 | 367.7 | |
| 33 | Bara | 415,718 | 107 | 2.64 | 349.3 | |
| 34 | Parsa | 372,524 | 108 | 2.70 | 275.3 | |
| 35 | Chitwan | 354,488 | 98 | 3.11 | 159.8 | |
| 36 | Western Mountain | Manang | 5,363 | 108 | -2.69 | 2.4 |
| 37 | Mustang | 14,292 | 109 | 1.00 | 4.0 | |
| 38 | Western Hill | Gorkha | 252,524 | 92 | 0.80 | 70.0 |
| 39 | Lamjung | 153,697 | 90 | 0.06 | 90.8 | |
| 40 | Tanahun | 268,073 | 90 | 1.82 | 173.4 | |
| 41 | Syangja | 293,526 | 86 | 0.77 | 252.2 | |
| 42 | Kaski | 292,945 | 93 | 2.81 | 145.2 | |
| 43 | Baglung | 232,486 | 87 | 0.77 | 130.3 | |
| 44 | Myagdi | 100,552 | 90 | 0.37 | 43.8 | |
| 45 | Parbat | 143,547 | 86 | 1.12 | 290.6 | |
| 46 | Gulmi | 266,331 | 83 | 1.12 | 231.8 | |
| 47 | Arghakhanchi | 180,884 | 87 | 1.40 | 151.6 | |
| 48 | Palpa | 236,313 | 87 | 0.97 | 172.1 | |
| 49 | Western Terai | Nawalparasi | 436,217 | 99 | 3.45 | 201.8 |
| 50 | Rupandehi | 522,150 | 103 | 3.20 | 383.9 | |
| 51 | Kapilvastu | 371,778 | 106 | 3.20 | 213.9 | |
| 52 | Mid-Western Mountain | Jumla | 75,964 | 103 | 0.99 | 30.0 |
| 53 | Humla | 34,383 | 106 | 5.27 (1.80)[b] | 6.1 | |
| 54 | Mugu | 36,364 | 104 | -1.84 (0.30)[b] | 10.3 | |
| 55 | Kalikot | 88,805 | 101 | 0.13 (1.08)[b] | 51.0 | |
| 56 | Dolpa | 25,013 | 103 | 1.26 | 3.2 | |
| 57 | Mid-Western Hill | Pyuthan | 175,469 | 87 | 1.07 | 134.1 |
| 58 | Rolpa | 179,621 | 92 | 0.66 | 95.6 | |
| 59 | Rukum | 155,554 | 98 | 1.61 | 54.1 | |
| 60 | Jajarkot | 113,958 | 101 | 1.38 | 51.1 | |
| 61 | Dailekh | 187,400 | 99 | 1.18 (1.24)[b] | 124.8 | |
| 62 | Salyan | 181,785 | 98 | 1.78 (1.23)[b] | 124.3 | |
| 63 | Surkhet | 225,768 | 98 | 3.06 (3.01)[b] | 92.1 | |
| 64 | Mid-Western Terai | Dang | 354,413 | 98 | 2.85 | 119.9 |
| 65 | Banke | 285,604 | 102 | 3.77 (3.80)[b] | 122.2 | |
| 66 | Bardiya | 290,313 | 107 | 3.30 (3.71)[b] | 143.4 | |
| 67 | Far-Western Mountain | Bajura | 92,010 | 96 | 2.00 (1.18)[b] | 42.1 |
| 68 | Bajhang | 139,092 | 92 | 1.15 | 40.7 | |
| 69 | Darchula | 101,683 | 97 | 1.20 | 43.8 | |
| 70 | Far-Western Hill | Achham | 198,188 | 89 | 0.68 (0.64)[b] | 118.0 |
| 71 | Doti | 167,168 | 93 | 0.88 (0.89)[b] | 82.6 | |
| 72 | Dadeldhura | 104,647 | 93 | 1.86 | 68.0 | |
| 73 | Baitadi | 200,716 | 92 | 1.14 | 132.1 | |
| 74 | Far-Western Terai | Kailali | 417,891 | 101 | 4.83 (4.82)[b] | 129.2 |
| 75 | Kanchanpur | 257,906 | 102 | 4.23 | 160.2 | |
| Nepal | 18,491,097 | 99 | 2.08 | 125.6 | ||
Population by caste/ethnicity
| S.N. | Caste/ethnicity | Poulation | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chhetri/Kshetri | 2,968,082 | 16.05 |
| 2 | Brahmin-Hill (Bahun) | 2,388,455 | 12.92 |
| 3 | Magar | 1,339,308 | 7.24 |
| 4 | Tharu | 1,194,224 | 6.46 |
| 5 | Newar | 1,041,090 | 5.63 |
| 6 | Tamang | 1,018,252 | 5.51 |
| 7 | Kami | 963,655 | 5.21 |
| 8 | Yadav | 765,137 | 4.14 |
| 9 | Muslim | 653,055 | 3.53 |
| 10 | Rai | 525,551 | 2.84 |
| 11 | Gurung | 449,189 | 2.43 |
| 12 | Damai/Dholi | 367,989 | 1.99 |
| 13 | Thakuri | 299,473 | 1.62 |
| 14 | Limbu | 297,186 | 1.61 |
| 15 | Sarki | 276,224 | 1.49 |
| 16 | Teli | 250,732 | 1.36 |
| 17 | Kushwaha | 205,797 | 1.11 |
| 18 | Chamar/Harijan/Ram | 203,919 | 1.10 |
| 19 | Sanyasi | 181,726 | 0.98 |
| 20 | Kurmi | 166,718 | 0.90 |
| 21 | Brahmin-Terai | 162,886 | 0.88 |
| 22 | Sudhi/Kalwar | 162,046 | 0.88 |
| 23 | Musahar | 141,980 | 0.77 |
| 24 | Dhanuk | 136,944 | 0.74 |
| 25 | Mallaha | 110,413 | 0.60 |
| 26 | Sherpa | 110,358 | 0.60 |
| 27 | Baniya | 101,868 | 0.55 |
| 28 | Kewat | 101,482 | 0.55 |
| 29 | Dushad/Paswan/Pasi | 93,242 | 0.50 |
| 30 | Rajbanshi | 82,177 | 0.44 |
| 21 | Kumal | 76,635 | 0.41 |
| 32 | Dhobi | 76,594 | 0.41 |
| 33 | Kumhar | 72,008 | 0.39 |
| 34 | Kanu | 70,634 | 0.38 |
| 35 | Khatwe | 66,612 | 0.36 |
| 36 | Rajput | 55,712 | 0.30 |
| 37 | Majhi | 55,050 | 0.30 |
| 38 | Kayastha | 53,545 | 0.29 |
| 39 | Danuwar | 50,754 | 0.27 |
| 40 | Halwai | 44,417 | 0.24 |
| 41 | Sunuwar | 40,943 | 0.22 |
| 42 | Chepang (Praja) | 36,656 | 0.20 |
| 43 | Rajbhar | 33,433 | 0.18 |
| 44 | Marwadi | 29,173 | 0.16 |
| 45 | Gangai | 22,526 | 0.12 |
| 46 | Thami | 19,103 | 0.10 |
| 47 | Dhimal | 16,781 | 0.09 |
| 48 | Thakali | 13,731 | 0.07 |
| 49 | Bhote | 12,463 | 0.07 |
| 50 | Darai | 10,759 | 0.06 |
| 51 | Punjabi/Sikh | 9,292 | 0.05 |
| 52 | Bengali | 7,909 | 0.04 |
| 53 | Badi | 7,082 | 0.04 |
| 54 | Bote | 6,718 | 0.04 |
| 55 | Jirel | 4,889 | 0.03 |
| 56 | Lepcha | 4,826 | 0.03 |
| 57 | Gaine | 4,484 | 0.02 |
| 58 | Raji | 3,274 | 0.02 |
| 59 | Raute | 2,878 | 0.02 |
| 60 | Churaute | 1,778 | 0.01 |
| Others-Terai | 627,514 | 3.39 | |
| Others-Hill | 184,216 | 1.00 | |
| Others-Mountain | 1,741 | 0.01 | |
| No caste (Foreigners) | 2,951 | 0.02 | |
| Not stated | 4,858 | 0.03 | |
| Total | 18,491,097 | 100 | |
Population by language
| S.N. | Language | Number of speakers | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nepali | 9,302,880 | 50.31 |
| 2 | Maithili | 2,191,900 | 11.85 |
| 3 | Bhojpuri | 1,379,717 | 7.46 |
| 4 | Tharu | 993,388 | 5.37 |
| 5 | Tamang | 904,456 | 4.89 |
| 6 | Newar | 690,007 | 3.73 |
| 7 | Rai, Kirat | 439,312 | 2.38 |
| 8 | Magar | 430,264 | 2.30 |
| 9 | Awadhi | 374,635 | 2.03 |
| 10 | Gurung | 227,918 | 1.23 |
| 11 | Limbu | 254,088 | 1.37 |
| 12 | Urdu | 202,208 | 1.09 |
| 13 | Hindi | 170,997 | 0.92 |
| 14 | Bhote, Sherpa | 121,819 | 0.66 |
| 15 | Rajbansi | 85,558 | 0.46 |
| 16 | Bengali/Bangla | 27,712 | 0.15 |
| 17 | Satar | 25,302 | 0.14 |
| 18 | Chepang | 25,097 | 0.14 |
| 19 | Danuwar | 23,721 | 0.13 |
| 20 | Rajasthani | 16,514 | 0.09 |
| 21 | Jhangar/Dhanga | 15,175 | 0.08 |
| 22 | Dhimal | 15,014 | 0.08 |
| 23 | Thami | 14,400 | 0.08 |
| 24 | Majhi | 11,322 | 0.06 |
| 25 | Santhali | 8,030 | 0.04 |
| 26 | Thakali | 7,113 | 0.04 |
| 27 | Darai | 6,520 | 0.04 |
| 28 | Jirel | 4,229 | 0.02 |
| 29 | Raji | 2,959 | 0.02 |
| 30 | English | 2,784 | 0.02 |
| 31 | Kumal | 1,413 | 0.01 |
| 32 | Byansi | 1,314 | 0.01 |
| Other local language | 495,862 | 2.68 | |
| Other foreign language | 8,309 | 0.04 | |
| Not stated | 9,157 | 0.05 | |
| Total | 18,491,097 | 100 | |