1994 European Parliament election in Spain
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An election was held in Spain on 12 June 1994 as part of the concurrent EU-wide election to the 4th European Parliament. All 64 seats allocated to the Spanish constituency as per the 1993 Council Decision amending the Direct Elections Act were up for election. It was held concurrently with a regional election in Andalusia.
7.8% 4.4 pp | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 June 1994
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All 64 Spanish seats in the European Parliament | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered | 31,558,999 7.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 18,664,055 (59.1%) 4.4 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The election was held against the backdrop of the early 1990s recession and a string of corruption scandals affecting the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of Prime Minister Felipe González. The most recent involved former Civil Guard director Luis Roldán, who had fled the country in early 1994 when it was discovered that he had used his office to amass a fortune through fraudulent means, resulting in the resignation of interior minister Antoni Asunción in the month leading to the election. The People's Party (PP) won in a landslide victory, the first PP win over the PSOE in a nationwide election.[1]
Overview
Electoral system
Voting for the European Parliament in Spain was based on universal suffrage, which comprised all Spanish nationals and resident non-national European citizens over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they had not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence, nor were legally incapacitated.[2]
64 European Parliament seats were allocated to Spain as per the 1993 Council Decision amending the Direct Elections Act.[3] All were elected in a single multi-member constituency—comprising the entire national territory—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with no electoral threshold.[4] The use of this electoral method resulted in an effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution.[5]
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.[6]
Outgoing delegation
The table below shows the composition of the Spanish delegation in the chamber at the time of the election call.[7]
| Groups | Parties | MEPs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Total | ||||
| Party of European Socialists | PSOE | 28 | 28 | ||
| European People's Party | PP | 16 | 17 | ||
| UDC | 1 | ||||
| Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group | CDS | 3 | 5 | ||
| CDC | 1 | ||||
| Foro | 1 | ||||
| Rainbow Group | ERC | 1 | 3 | ||
| PA | 1 | ||||
| CG | 1 | ||||
| European Democratic Alliance | ARM | 2 | 2 | ||
| Non-Inscrits | IU | 3 | 5 | ||
| IC | 1 | ||||
| HB | 1 | ||||
Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, alliances and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list.[8]
Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election:
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Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font.
- Color key:
Exit poll
| Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
CN | CA |  |
PEP | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 EP election | 12 Jun 1994 | N/a | 59.1 | 30.8 22 |
40.1 28 |
1.0 0 |
13.4 9 |
4.7 3 |
2.8 2 |
0.8 0 |
1.0 0 |
1.3 0 |
9.3 |
| Demoscopia/Tele 5[p 1] | 12 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | ? 21/22 |
? 26/28 |
– | ? 9/10 |
? 3 |
? 2 |
– | ? 0 |
? 1 |
? |
| Vox Pública/Antena 3[p 1] | 12 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | ? 21 |
? 27 |
– | ? 10 |
? 3 |
? 2 |
– | ? 0 |
? 1 |
? |
| Eco Consulting/RTVE[p 1] | 12 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | 30.1 21/23 |
38.1 26/28 |
0.8 0 |
14.0 9/11 |
4.9 3 |
2.8 1/2 |
0.8 0 |
1.1 0/1 |
1.5 0/1 |
8.0 |
| ICP–Research/Diario 16[p 1][p 2] | 5 Jun 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 30.3 21/24 |
32.1 22/25 |
1.3 0/1 |
15.1 10/12 |
4.7 3/4 |
3.1 1/2 |
1.0 0/1 |
1.1 0/1 |
2.0 1 |
1.8 |
| Gallup/Avui[p 1] | 5 Jun 1994 | 2,001 | ? | 31.9 22/23 |
36.3 26 |
1.0 0 |
14.6 10 |
5.6 3/4 |
3.1 1/2 |
0.6 0 |
0.9 0 |
1.0 0 |
4.4 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 1] | 4 Jun 1994 | 3,000 | ? | 30.2 21/22 |
39.8 27/28 |
0.7 0 |
15.0 10 |
4.7 3 |
? 1 |
– | – | ? 0/1 |
9.6 |
| Sigma Dos–Vox Pública/Antena 3[p 3] | 3–4 Jun 1994 | ? | ? | 30.6 | 40.2 | – | 13.7 | – | – | – | – | – | 9.6 |
| Vox Pública/El Periódico[p 1][p 4] | 31 May–2 Jun 1994 | 1,303 | 61.8 | 30.5 22/23 |
40.7 29 |
1.3 0/1 |
15.2 10 |
4.1 2 |
2.5 1 |
– | – | 1.1 0/1 |
10.2 |
| CIS[p 5][p 6] | 27 May–2 Jun 1994 | 4,073 | 72.7 | 32.5 | 37.5 | 1.0 | 14.1 | 5.1 | 2.8 | – | 0.9 | 1.6 | 5.0 |
| Opina/La Vanguardia[p 7] | 30 May–1 Jun 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 34.0 21/24 |
39.0 25/27 |
1.0 0/1 |
14.0 9/11 |
5.0 3/4 |
1.5 1 |
– | 0.5 0 |
1.0 0/1 |
5.0 |
| Demoscopia/El País[p 1][p 8][p 9][p 10] | 29–31 May 1994 | 2,500 | 63–68 | 31.0 21/23 |
37.3 26/28 |
1.3 0 |
13.5 9/10 |
5.0 2/3 |
2.8 1/2 |
0.9 0 |
1.0 0 |
1.9 1 |
6.3 |
| Gruppo/ABC[p 11] | 28–30 May 1994 | 2,000 | 59.1 | 31.1 21/23 |
39.2 27/28 |
0.7 0 |
14.4 10 |
5.0 3 |
1.8 1 |
? 0 |
– | ? 0/1 |
8.1 |
| CIS[p 1][p 12] | 21–26 May 1994 | 2,501 | ? | 33.2 | 36.4 | – | 16.0 | 5.1 | 1.7 | – | – | – | 3.2 |
| CIS[p 1][p 13] | 12–16 May 1994 | 2,499 | ? | 34.3 | 36.0 | – | 13.9 | 3.9 | 1.2 | – | – | – | 1.7 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 14] | 14 May 1994 | ? | ? | 32.8 23/24 |
37.6 27 |
– | 13.5 9 |
4.9 ? |
2.3 ? |
– | – | – | 4.8 |
| Gruppo/ABC[p 15] | 7–10 May 1994 | 2,000 | 57.1 | 31.7 22 |
38.5 26/27 |
0.8 0 |
14.0 9/10 |
4.7 3 |
2.2 1 |
? 0/1 |
– | ? 0/1 |
6.8 |
| Opina/La Vanguardia[p 16] | 8–11 Apr 1994 | 2,000 | ? | 36.0 22/26 |
38.0 24/27 |
1.0 0/1 |
12.0 6/8 |
5.0 3 |
1.5 1/2 |
– | 0.5 0 |
0.5 0 |
2.0 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 17] | 23–24 Mar 1994 | 1,000 | ? | 34.4 23/25 |
37.7 26/28 |
? 0 |
11.2 7/8 |
4.5 3 |
2.9 2 |
1.4 1 |
? 0 |
– | 3.3 |
| Gallup/ABC[p 18] | 10 Jan–28 Feb 1994 | 4,010 | 68.7 | 32.4 22 |
39.1 27 |
– | 10.8 7 |
5.3 3 |
1.8[i] 1 |
– | – | – | 6.7 |
| Gallup/ABC[p 19] | 19–29 Dec 1993 | 1,008 | 70.0 | 33.8 23 |
38.6 26 |
– | 10.4 7 |
5.1 3 |
1.6[i] 1 |
– | – | – | 4.8 |
| 1989 EP election | 15 Jun 1989 | N/a | 54.7 | 39.6 27 |
21.4 15 |
7.1 5 |
6.1 4 |
4.2 2 |
1.9 1 |
1.9 1 |
1.7 1 |
1.5 1 |
18.2 |
| |||||||||||||
Results
Overall
 | ||||||
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
| People's Party (PP) | 7,453,900 | 40.12 | +18.71 | 28 | +13 | |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 5,719,707 | 30.79 | −9.43 | 22 | −5 | |
| United Left (IU) | 2,497,671 | 13.44 | +7.38 | 9 | +5 | |
| Convergence and Union (CiU)2 | 865,913 | 4.66 | +0.12 | 3 | +1 | |
| Nationalist Coalition (CN)3 | 518,532 | 2.79 | +0.18 | 2 | +1 | |
| For the Europe of the Peoples (PEP)4 | 239,339 | 1.29 | −0.14 | 0 | −1 | |
| Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) | 183,418 | 0.99 | −6.16 | 0 | −5 | |
| Popular Unity (HB) | 180,324 | 0.97 | −0.73 | 0 | −1 | |
| Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)5 | 140,445 | 0.76 | −1.10 | 0 | −1 | |
| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 139,221 | 0.75 | +0.46 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Green Group (GV) | 109,567 | 0.59 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) | 82,410 | 0.44 | −3.40 | 0 | −2 | |
| The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (EV–CEC)6 | 42,237 | 0.23 | −0.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 29,692 | 0.16 | −0.34 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition (CPNT) | 29,025 | 0.16 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 16,144 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Asturianist Party (PAS)7 | 14,846 | 0.08 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
| United Extremadura (EU)8 | 13,580 | 0.07 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 11,733 | 0.06 | −0.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 10,019 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Natural Law Party (PLN) | 7,845 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Humanist Party (PH) | 7,499 | 0.04 | −0.08 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)9 | 7,349 | 0.04 | −0.07 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 6,197 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 5,602 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) | 5,226 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Justice and Welfare Party (JyB) | 4,992 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 4,836 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| National Democratic Alternative (ADN) | 4,689 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Carlist Party (PC) | 4,640 | 0.02 | −0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Galician Alternative (AG) | 4,431 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| GPOR–PST (LVS) Coalition (GPOR–PST)10 | 3,765 | 0.02 | −0.22 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Left of the Peoples (IP)11 | n/a | n/a | −0.81 | 0 | −1 | |
| Blank ballots | 213,621 | 1.15 | −0.12 | |||
| Total | 18,578,415 | 64 | +4 | |||
| Valid votes | 18,578,415 | 99.54 | +0.56 | |||
| Invalid votes | 85,640 | 0.46 | −0.56 | |||
| Votes cast / turnout | 18,664,055 | 59.14 | +4.43 | |||
| Abstentions | 12,894,944 | 40.86 | −4.43 | |||
| Registered voters | 31,558,999 | |||||
| Sources[16][17][18] | ||||||
Footnotes:
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Maps
Vote winner strength by province.
Vote winner strength by autonomous community.
Distribution by European group
| Groups | Parties | Seats | Total | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European People's Party (EPP) |
|
27 1 1 1 |
30 | 46.88 | |
| Party of European Socialists (PES) | 22 | 22 | 34.38 | ||
| European United Left (EUL) |
|
9 | 9 | 14.06 | |
| European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) | 2 | 2 | 3.13 | ||
| European Radical Alliance (ERA) |
|
1 | 1 | 1.56 | |
| Total | 64 | 64 | 100.00 | ||
Elected legislators
The following table lists the elected legislators:[19]