1998 Philippine House of Representatives elections
18th Philippine House of Representatives elections
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Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 11, 1998. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Fidel V. Ramos' Lakas–NUCD–UMDP (Lakas), won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives.[1] For the first time since the People Power Revolution, a party won majority of the seats in the House; Lakas had a seat over the majority. This is also the first Philippine elections that included the party-list system.[2]
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May 11, 1998
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All 257 seats in the House of Representatives (including 38 underhang seats) 129 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 206 seats from congressional districts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 51 seats under the party-list system | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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However, with Joseph Estrada of the opposition Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP; an electoral alliance between the Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), the NPC and the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP)) winning the presidential election, the majority of the elected Lakas congressmen switched sides to LAMMP. This led to Manuel Villar, Jr. (formerly of Lakas but became a LAMMP member prior to the election) on being elected as the Speaker of the House.
The elected representatives served in the 11th Congress from 1998 to 2001.
Electoral system
The House of Representatives shall have not more than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law, of which 20% shall be elected via the party-list system, while the rest are elected via congressional districts. This is the first time that there shall be a party-list election, after the passage of the Party-List System Act.
In this election, there are 206 seats voted via first-past-the-post in single-member districts. Each province, and a city with a population of 250,000, is guaranteed a seat, with more populous provinces and cities divided into two or more districts.
Congress has the power of redistricting three years after each census.
As there are 206 congressional districts, there shall be 51 seats available under the party-list system. According to the Party-List System Act, party is initially guaranteed a seat for every 2% of the vote, for up to three maximum seats.
Redistricting
Reapportioning (redistricting) the number of seats is either via national reapportionment three years after the release of every census, or via piecemeal redistricting for every province or city. National reapportionment has not happened since the 1987 constitution took effect, and aside from piecemeal redistricting, the apportionment was based on the ordinance from the constitution, which was in turn based from the 1980 census.[3]
Three new districts were created, with one from Makati, a new district from the division of Kalinga-Apayao, which became Apayao and Kalinga, and a new district from the division of Las Piñas–Muntinlupa district.
Changes from the outgoing Congress
- Division of Kalinga-Apayao and its at-large district to Apayao and Kalinga provinces
- Apayao becomes a province and its own at-large district.
- Kalinga becomes a province and its own at-large district.
- Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 7878.
- Approved in a plebiscite on May 8, 1995.
- Division of Las Piñas–Muntinlupa's at-large district to two districts
- Muntinlupa attains cityhood and becomes its own at-large district.
- Las Piñas becomes its own at-large district.
- Enacted into law as Republic Act No. 7928.
- Approved in a plebiscite on May 8, 1995.
Retiring and term-limited incumbents
This is the first election under the 1987 constitution where the three-term limit was in use. Members who had been elected consecutively since 1987 (1987, 1992, 1995_ are term-limited.
Retiring incumbents
- Abra: Jeremias Zapata (Lakas)
- Agusan del Sur: Ceferino Paredes Jr. (Lakas), ran for governor of Agusan del Sur
- Basilan: Candu Muarip (Lakas), ran for governor of Basilan
- Cagayan de Oro: Erasmo Damasing (PDP–Laban)
- Camarines Norte: Emmanuel Pimentel (NPC), ran for governor of Camarines Norte
- Cavite–3rd: Telesforo Unas (Lakas)
- Cebu–3rd: John Henry Osmeña (NPC), ran for senator
- Cebu–6th: Nerissa Soon-Ruiz (Lakas)
- Davao City–1st: Prospero Nograles (Lakas), ran for mayor of Davao City
- Davao del Sur–2nd: Benjamin Bautista Sr. (Lakas)
- Laguna–1st: Nereo Joaquin (LAMMP)
- Misamis Occidental–2nd: Herminia Ramiro (Lakas)
- Occidental Mindoro: Jose Villarosa (Lakas)
- Pasay: Jovito Claudio (Lakas), ran for mayor of Pasay
Term-limited incumbents
- Agusan del Norte–1st: Charito Plaza (Liberal), ran for senator
- Albay–1st: Edcel Lagman (LAMMP), ran for senator
- Albay–2nd: Carlos R. Imperial (Lakas)
- Antique: Exequiel Javier (Lakas), ran for governor of Antique
- Bacolod: Romeo Guanzon (Lakas)
- Bataan–1st: Felicito Payumo (Liberal)
- Batangas–2nd: Hernando Perez (Lakas), ran for senator
- Batangas–3rd: Milagros Trinidad (Lakas)
- Bohol–1st: Venice Agana (Lakas)
- Bohol–3rd: Isidro Zarraga (Lakas)
- Bukidnon–1st: Socorro Acosta (Liberal)
- Bukidnon–3rd: Jose Maria Zubiri Jr. (Lakas)
- Camarines Sur–1st: Rolando Andaya (Lakas), ran for senator
- Camarines Sur–4th: Ciriaco Alfelor (Lakas), ran for governor of Camarines Sur
- Camiguin: Pedro Romualdo (Lakas), ran for governor of Camiguin
- Cavite–2nd: Renato Dragon (LAMMP), ran for governor of Cavite
- Cebu–2nd: Crisologo Abines (PROMDI)
- Cebu–4th: Celestino Martinez Jr. (PROMDI)
- Cebu–5th: Ramon Durano III (Lakas)
- Cebu City–1st: Raul del Mar (PROMDI)
- Cebu City–2nd: Antonio Cuenco (PROMDI)
- Cotabato–2nd: Gregorio Andolana (Lakas), ran for governor of Cotabato
- Davao del Norte–2nd: Baltazar Sator (Lakas)
- Davao del Norte–3rd: Rodolfo del Rosario (Lakas), district redistricted into Davao del Norte–2nd
- Davao Oriental–2nd: Thelma Almario (Lakas)
- Eastern Samar: Jose Ramirez (Lakas), ran for governor of Eastern Samar
- Ilocos Norte–1st: Roque Ablan Jr. (Lakas), ran for governor of Ilocos Norte
- Ilocos Sur–2nd: Eric Singson (Lakas), ran for governor of Ilocos Sur
- Iloilo–1st: Oscar Garin (Lakas)
- Iloilo–2nd: Alberto Lopez (Lakas)
- Iloilo–3rd: Licurgo Tirador (Lakas)
- Iloilo–5th: Niel Tupas Sr. (Lakas)
- Isabela–1st: Rodolfo Albano Jr. (Lakas)
- Isabela–3rd: Santiago Respicio (Lakas)
- Isabela–4th: Antonio Abaya (NPC)
- La Union–1st: Victor Ortega (Lakas)
- La Union–2nd: Jose Aspiras (LAMMP), ran for governor of La Union
- Laguna–3rd: Florante Aquino (Lakas), ran for governor of Laguna
- Lanao del Norte–1st: Mariano Badelles (Lakas)
- Leyte–3rd: Alberto Veloso (Lakas), ran for governor of Leyte
- Leyte–4th: Carmelo Locsin (Lakas)
- Leyte–5th: Eriberto Loreto (Lakas)
- Malabon–Navotas: Tessie Aquino-Oreta (LAMMP), ran for senator
- Manila–1st: Martin Isidro (NPC), ran for vice mayor of Manila
- Manila–2nd: Jaime Lopez (Lakas), ran for mayor of Manila
- Manila–3rd: Leonardo Fugoso (Liberal)
- Manila–4th: Ramon Bagatsing Jr. (LAMMP), ran for senator
- Manila–5th: Amado Bagatsing (LAMMP), ran for mayor of Manila
- Marinduque: Carmencita Reyes (Lakas), ran for governor of Marinduque
- Masbate–2nd: Luz Cleta Bakunawa (LAMMP), ran for governor of Masbate
- Misamis Oriental–2nd: Victorico Chaves (Lakas)
- Mountain Province: Victor Dominguez (Lakas)
- Negros Occidental–3rd: Jose Carlos Lacson (Lakas)
- Negros Occidental–4th: Edward Matti (NPC)
- Negros Occidental–5th: Mariano Yulo (Lakas), ran for governor of Negros Occidental
- Negros Oriental–1st: Jerome Paras (Lakas), ran for governor of Negros Oriental
- Negros Oriental–2nd: Miguel Romero (Lakas)
- Negros Oriental–3rd: Margarito Teves (Lakas)
- Northern Samar–1st: Raul Daza (Liberal), ran for senator
- Oriental Mindoro–2nd: Jesus Punzalan (Lakas), ran for governor of Oriental Mindoro
- Pampanga–1st: Carmelo Lazatin Sr. (Lakas), ran for mayor of Angeles City
- Pampanga–4th: Emigdio Bondoc (Lakas)
- Pangasinan–4th: Jose de Venecia Jr. (Lakas), ran for president of the Philippines
- Pasig: Rufino Javier (NPC)
- Quezon–1st: Wilfrido Enverga (LAMMP), ran for governor of Quezon
- Quirino: Junie Cua (Lakas)
- Rizal–2nd: Emigdio Tanjuatco Jr. (Lakas)
- San Juan: Ronaldo Zamora (LAMMP)
- Sarangani: James Chiongbian (Lakas)
- Siquijor: Orlando Fua (Lakas)
- Sorsogon–1st: Salvador Escudero (Lakas)
- Sorsogon–2nd: Bonifacio Gillego (Lakas)
- Surigao del Sur–1st: Mario Ty (Lakas)
- Taguig–Pateros: Dante Tiñga (Lakas), ran for mayor of Taguig
- Tarlac–1st: Peping Cojuangco (Kampi)
- Tarlac–2nd: Jose Yap (Lakas), ran for governor of Tarlac
- Tarlac–3rd: Herminio Aquino (Liberal), ran for vice governor of Tarlac
- Valenzuela: Antonio Serapio (NPC), ran for mayor of Valenzuela
- Zamboanga City: Maria Clara Lobregat (LAMMP), ran for mayor of Zamboanga City
- Zamboanga del Norte–3rd: Angel Carloto (Lakas)
- Zamboanga del Sur–2nd: Antonio Cerilles (NPC)
Vacancies
- Bulacan–1st: Teodulo Natividad (Lakas) died on January 9, 1997.
- Guimaras: Catalino Nava (Lakas) died on December 3, 1995.
- Laguna–4th: Magdaleno Palacol (Lakas) died on August 21, 1997.
- Makati–2nd: Butz Aquino (LDP) received the most number of votes in the 1995 election, but was disqualified by the Commission on Elections on June 2, 1995.
Results
District elections
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
| Lakas–NUCD–UMDP | 11,981,024 | 49.01 | +8.35 | 111 | +11 | |
| Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino | 6,520,744 | 26.68 | New | 55 | New | |
| Liberal Party | 1,773,124 | 7.25 | +5.39 | 15 | +10 | |
| Nationalist People's Coalition | 998,239 | 4.08 | −8.11 | 9 | −13 | |
| Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma | 966,653 | 3.95 | New | 4 | New | |
| Probinsya Muna Development Initiative | 586,954 | 2.40 | New | 4 | New | |
| PDP–Laban | 134,331 | 0.55 | −0.13 | 0 | −1 | |
| Aksyon Demokratiko | 106,843 | 0.44 | New | 1 | New | |
| Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino | 47,273 | 0.19 | New | 0 | New | |
| Ompia Party | 46,462 | 0.19 | New | 1 | New | |
| People's Reform Party | 38,640 | 0.16 | −0.73 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kilusang Bagong Lipunan | 35,522 | 0.15 | New | 0 | 0 | |
| Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas | 8,850 | 0.04 | −0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Lapiang Manggagawa | 8,792 | 0.04 | −0.50 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nacionalista Party | 4,412 | 0.02 | −0.78 | 0 | −1 | |
| Partido ng Masang Pilipino | 2,010 | 0.01 | −0.52 | 0 | −1 | |
| Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapabago | 1,310 | 0.01 | New | 0 | New | |
| Unaffiliated | 348,281 | 1.42 | New | 4 | New | |
| Independent | 834,934 | 3.42 | −3.03 | 2 | −5 | |
| Party-list seats[a] | 51 | +51 | ||||
| Total | 24,444,398 | 100.00 | – | 257 | +37 | |
| Valid votes | 24,444,398 | 83.47 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,841,377 | 16.53 | ||||
| Total votes | 29,285,775 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 33,873,665 | 86.46 | ||||
| Source: Nohlen, Grotz and Hartmann[4] and Teehankee[5] | ||||||
- Only 14 were seated in the party-list election.
Summary by district
Party-list election
There were 52 seats for sectoral representatives that were contested. Each party has to get 2% of the national vote to win one seat; they would win an additional seat for every 2% of the vote, up to the maximum three seats. Only 14 party-list representatives were elected under this rule, leaving 38 unfilled seats. Eventually, the "2–4–6%" rule was ruled as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on October 6, 2000 on the case Veterans Federation Party, et. al. vs. COMELEC.[6] Despite this ruling, no additional seats were awarded to any party-lists.
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives | 503,487 | 5.50 | 2 | |
| Alyansang Bayanihan ng mga Magsasaka, Manggagawang Bukid at Mangingisda | 321,646 | 3.51 | 1 | |
| Alagad | 312,500 | 3.41 | 1 | |
| Veterans Federation Party | 304,902 | 3.33 | 1 | |
| Probinsya Muna Development Initiative | 255,184 | 2.79 | 1 | |
| Adhikain at Kilusan ng Ordinaryong Tao Para sa Lupa, Pabahay, Hanapbuhay at Kaunlaran | 239,042 | 2.61 | 1 | |
| National Federation of Small Coconut Farmers Organization | 238,303 | 2.60 | 1 | |
| Abanse! Pinay | 235,548 | 2.57 | 1 | |
| Akbayan | 232,376 | 2.54 | 1 | |
| Luzon Farmers Party | 215,643 | 2.36 | 1 | |
| Sanlakas | 194,617 | 2.13 | 1 | |
| Cooperative NATCCO Network Party | 189,802 | 2.07 | 1 | |
| Philippine Coconut Producers Federation | 186,388 | 2.04 | 1 | |
| Coalition of Associations of Senior Citizens in the Philippines | 143,444 | 1.57 | 0 | |
| Others | 5,582,427 | 60.97 | 0 | |
| Total | 9,155,309 | 100.00 | 14 | |
| Valid votes | 9,155,309 | 31.26 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 20,130,466 | 68.74 | ||
| Total votes | 29,285,775 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 33,873,665 | 86.46 | ||
| Source: Supreme Court, Dieter Nohlen[7] | ||||
Defeated incumbents
- Agusan del Norte–2nd: Eduardo Rama Sr. (Lakas) lost to Roan Libarios (LAMMP)
- Albay–3rd: Romeo Salalima (Lakas) lost to Joey Salceda (LAMMP)
- Cagayan–3rd: Manuel Mamba (Lakas) lost to Rodolfo Aguinaldo (Lakas)
- Caloocan–1st: Bobby Guanzon (Lakas) lost to Recom Echiverri (Lakas)
- Camarines Sur–2nd: Leopoldo San Buenaventura (Lakas) lost to Jaime Jacob (Aksyon)
- Davao del Sur–1st: Alejandro Almendras Jr. (Lakas) lost to Douglas Cagas (Reporma)
- Ilocos Norte–2nd: Simeon Valdez (Lakas) lost to Imee Marcos (KBL)
- Ilocos Sur–1st: Mariano Tajon (Lakas) lost to Salacnib Baterina (LAMMP)
- Lanao del Sur–2nd: Pangalian Balindong (Lakas) lost to Benasing Macarambon Jr. (Ompia)
- Misamis Oriental–1st: Homobono Cesar (Lakas) lost to Oscar Moreno (Lakas)
- Northern Samar–2nd: Wilmar Lucero (Liberal) lost to Romualdo Vicencio (Lakas)
- Nueva Ecija–1st: Renato Diaz (Lakas) lost to Josefina Joson (LAMMP)
- Nueva Ecija–2nd: Eleuterio Violago (Lakas) lost to Simeon Garcia Jr. (LAMMP)
- Pangasinan–2nd: Antonio Bengson III (Lakas) lost to Teodoro Cruz (LAMMP)
- Pangasinan–3rd: Eric Galo Acuña (Lakas) lost to Generoso Tulagan (LAMMP)
- Samar–2nd: Catalino Figueroa (Lakas) lost to Antonio Nachura (Liberal)
- Southern Leyte: Roger Mercado (Lakas) lost to Aniceto Saludo Jr. (LAMMP)
- Sulu–1st: Bensaudi Tulawie (Lakas) lost to Hussin Ututalum Amin (Lakas)
- Zamboanga del Norte–2nd: Cresente Llorente Jr. (Lakas) lost to Roseller Barinaga (LAMMP)
- Zamboanga del Sur–3rd: Belma Cabilao (Lakas) lost to George T. Hofer (LAMMP)