1P-LSD
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1P-LSD, also known as 1-propionyl-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to LSD. It is an ester derivative of LSD and a homologue of ALD-52 (1A-LSD). The drug originated in 2015 when it appeared as a designer drug sold online.[3] It was first synthesized as a legal LSD alternative by Lizard Labs, a Netherlands based research chemical laboratory.[4][5][6][7][8] It modifies the LSD molecule by adding a propionyl group to the nitrogen atom of LSD's indole group and is a prodrug of LSD.[9][10]
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| Other names | 1-Propanoyl-lysergic acid diethylamide; 1-Propanoyl-LSD; 1-Propionyl-LSD |
| Routes of administration | Oral[1] |
| Drug class | Serotonin receptor agonist; Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist; Serotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen |
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| Bioavailability | ~100%[1] |
| Metabolism | Hydrolysis[1] |
| Metabolites | LSD[1] |
| Elimination half-life | Initial: ~0.2 hours[1] |
| Duration of action | 8–12 hours[2][1] |
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| Formula | C23H29N3O2 |
| Molar mass | 379.504 g·mol−1 |
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Use and effects
The dose range of 1P-LSD is 100 to 200 μg, with a typical dose estimate of 150 μg.[2] Its duration is about 8 to 12 hours for most people.[2] The subjective effects of 1P-LSD are not well-defined in the literature, although they are generally thought to be comparable to those of LSD.[11] In a 2020 study, the qualitative effects of 1P-LSD and LSD were similar when measured using visual analog scales.[1] The properties of 1P-LSD have also been assessed in other studies.[12][2]
Interactions
Pharmacology
Like ALD-52 (1A-LSD), 1P-LSD is believed to act as a prodrug for LSD via hydrolysis of the propionyl group. When 1P-LSD is incubated in human serum or liver cells,[13][14] administered intravenously to rats,[15] or administered either orally or intravenously to human subjects,[1] high levels of LSD and relatively low levels of 1P-LSD are quickly detected, demonstrating that 1P-LSD is rapidly hydrolyzed into LSD in vivo following ingestion. Indeed, following intravenous administration in humans 1P-LSD is detectable in serum for no longer than 4 hours, after which it is completely converted to LSD.[1] These findings are supported by the similar duration and behavioral effects of 1P-LSD and LSD in both animal and human experiments.[13][1]
Chemistry
Synthesis
The chemical synthesis of 1P-LSD has been described in a patent from 2024.[16]
Properties
The chemical stability of 1P-LSD has been studied.[17][18]
Analogues
Related compounds include 1cP-LSD, 1B-LSD, 1D-LSD, 1V-LSD, ALD-52 (1A-LSD), 1cP-AL-LAD, AL-LAD, ETH-LAD, 1P-ETH-LAD, PRO-LAD, LSM-775, and LSZ, among others.
History
1P-LSD was first described as well as encountered as a novel designer drug in 2015.[19][20][21]
Society and culture
Legal status
1P-LSD is unscheduled in the United States[22] and Canada, but may be considered illegal if sold or used for human consumption as an analogue of LSD under the Federal Analogue Act in the United States.[13] 1P-LSD is a prohibited or controlled substance in Australia, France,[23] Finland,[24] Denmark,[25] Germany,[26] Estonia,[27] Japan,[28] Latvia,[29] Norway,[30] Romania,[31] Sweden,[32] Switzerland,[33] United Kingdom,[34] Italy,[35] Singapore,[36] the Czech Republic,[37] and Croatia.[38] 1P-LSD has been illegal in Russia since 2017 as an LSD derivative.[39]