2010 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2010.

Bennettitales

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Pterophyllum palmulum[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A williamsoniaceous leaf morphospecies.

Williamsonia aculeata[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A williamsoniaceous strobilus morphospecies.

Williamsonia winthropensis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A williamsoniaceous strobilus morphospecies.

Cycadales

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Androstrobus scutulatus[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A male cycad cone of uncertain familial affinities.

Laceria[2]

gen et sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A cycad morphogenus of uncertain affiliation.
The type species is L. pulcra

Orthoneura[2]

gen et sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A cycad morphogenus of uncertain affiliation.
The type species is L. longissima

Nilssoniocladus corrugatus[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A nilsoniaceous leaf morphospecies.

Czekanowkiales

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Czekanowskia durabilis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A czekanowskiaceous leaf morphospecies

Pinales

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Athrotaxis parvistrobili[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A cupressaceous species.

Brachyphyllum cracenente[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A pinophyte species of uncertain affiliation.

Conago[2]

gen et sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A pinophyte cone morphogenus of uncertain affiliation.
The type species is C. tonsifera
Genus also includes C. chartifera, C. fornicata, C. spinosa, & C. tonsifera

Elatocladus gracilis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A pinophyte species of uncertain affiliation.

Geinitzia dentifolia[2]

Comb nov

valid

(Fontaine) Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous

Patuxent Formation

USA
Maryland

A pinophyte species of uncertain affiliation.
Moved from Sphenolepidium dentifolium (1889)
Also includes Sequoia ambigua auct. non Heer, 1874a; Bell, 1956, Sphenolepidium pachyphyllum (1889) & Sphenolepidium recurvifolium (1889)

Geinitzia subtilis[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A pinophyte species of uncertain affiliation.

Pagiophyllum tenuifolium[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A pinophyte species of uncertain affiliation.

Conago[2]

gen et sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A pinophyte morphogenus of uncertain affiliation.
The type species is P. creberum

Podozamites decrescens[2]

Comb & syn nov

valid

(Fontaine) Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Aptian

Potomac Group

USA
Virginia

A pinophyte species of uncertain affiliation.
Moved from Nageiopsis decrescens (1889)
Also includes Nageiopsis heterophylla (1889) & Nageiopsis microphylla (1889)

Podozamites varifolia[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A pinophyte species of uncertain affiliation.

Sphenolepis condita[2]

Comb nov

valid

(Lesquereaux) Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous

Dakota Formation

USA
Kansas

A cupressaceous species.
Moved from Sequoia condita (1876)

Pteridospermopsida

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Sagenopteris panda[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A caytoniaceous pteridospermopsid leaf morphospecies

Angiosperms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cornus piggae[3]

Sp nov

Valid

Manchester, Xiang, and Xiang

Tiffanian

Sentinel Butte Formation

USA
North Dakota

Oldest member of Cornus subgenus Cornus.

Hymenaea allendis[4]

sp nov

Valid

Calvillo-Canadell, Cevallos-Ferriz & Rico-Arce

Late Oligocene - Early Miocene

Mexican amber

Mexico

Second Hymenaea sp. from Mexican amber

Lagokarpos[5]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

McMurran & Manchester

Late Paleocene - Ypresian

Green River Formation
Fossil Butte Member

USA
Wyoming

A fruit of uncertain affinity
Also found in the Clarno Formation (Oregon) & Horsefly Shales (British Columbia)
The type species is L. lacustris

Ploufolia[6]

Gen. nov.

Valid

Sender et al.

Albian

Utrillas Formation

Spain

Sagaria[7]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Bravia, Barone Lumagab, & Mickle

Middle Albian

Monti Alburni, near Petina

Italy

Solaranthus[8]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Shaolin Zheng & Xin Wang

Middle Jurassic

Jiulongshan Formation

China

An early flowering plant.

Xingxueanthus[9]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Xin Wang & Shijun Wang

Middle Jurassic

Haifanggou Formation

China

An early flowering plant.

Other plants

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Desmiophyllum truncatum[2]

Sp nov

valid

Miller & Hickey

Cretaceous
Late Albian

Winthrop Formation

USA
Washington

A plant species of uncertain affiliations.

Molluscs

Newly named bivalves

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Emiliodonta[10]

Gen. nov.

valid

Sánchez

Caradoc

Don Braulio Formation

Argentina

Replacement name for Emiliania Sánchez, 1999 preoccupied by Emiliania Hay & Mohler, 1967

Erodona doellojuradoi[11]

Sp. nov.

valid

Pérez, Iturerría & Griffin

Late Miocene

Paraná Formation

Argentina

An erodonid.

Polymesoda muravchiki[11]

Sp. nov.

valid

Pérez, Iturerría & Griffin

Late Miocene

Paraná Formation

Argentina

A cyrenid.

Arthropods

Fishes

Amphibians

Newly named amphibians

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Deltaherpeton[12]

Valid

  • Bolt
  • Lombard

Late Viséan

A colosteid.

Fedexia[13]

Valid

Gzhelian

Casselman Formation

A trematopid genus currently among the oldest known vertebrates with a primarily terrestrial lifestyle.

Hungarobatrachus[14]

Valid

  • Szentesi
  • Venczel

Santonian

Csehbánya Formation

Advanced frog.

Madygenerpeton[15]

Valid

  • Schoch
  • Voigt
  • Buchwitz

Middle/Upper Triassic

Madygen Formation

A chroniosuchid reptiliomorph.

Pelobates fahlbuschi[16]

Valid

  • Böhme

Miocene

Germany

A European spadefoot toad.

Basal reptiles

Newly named basal reptiles

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Microleter[17]

Valid

Lower Permian

USA

A basal parareptile. The species is M. mckinzieorum.

Phonodus[18]

Valid

Induan (early Triassic)

Katberg Formation

South Africa

The earliest known leptopleuronine procolophonid.

Reiszorhinus[19]

Valid

Lower Permian

Waggoner Ranch Formation

USA

A basal captorhinid. The species is Reiszorhinus olsoni.

Ichthyopterygians

Newly named ichthyopterygians

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Arthropterygius[20]

Valid

  • Maxwell

Queen Elizabeth Islands

A new genus for "Ophthalmosaurus" chirsorum (Russell, 1993).

Athabascasaurus[21]

Valid

  • Druckenmiller
  • Maxwell

Lower Albian

Clearwater Formation

The most complete and stratigraphically oldest known ichthyosaur from the Cretaceous of North America.

Barracudasauroides[22]

Valid

  • Maisch

Middle Triassic

Guanling Formation

A new genus for "Mixosaurus" panxianensis (Jiang, Schmitz, Hao & Sun, 2006).

Mixosaurus xindianensis[23]

Valid

  • Chen
  • Cheng

Middle Triassic

Guanling Formation

Omphalosaurus merriami[22]

Valid

  • Maisch

Early Triassic

Sticky Keep Formation

A species of a possible ichthyopterygian genus Omphalosaurus.

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named plesiosaurs

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Alexeyisaurus[24]

Valid

  • Sennikov
  • Arkhangelsky

Norian

Wilczek Formation

Russia

A new elasmosaurid

Meyerasaurus[25]

Valid

  • Smith
  • Vincent

Lower Toarcian

Posidonia Shale

Germany

A pliosaur, a new genus for "Plesiosaurus" victor (Fraas, 1910).

Meyerasaurus victor

Newly named basal lepidosaurs

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cargninia[26]

Valid

Carnian - Norian

Caturrita Formation

Brazil

A basal lepidosaur.

Newly named lizards

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Adriosaurus skrbinensis[27]

Valid

  • Caldwell
  • Palci

Late Cenomanian

Skrbina

Slovenia

Bavaricordylus molassicus[16]

Valid

  • Böhme

Miocene (late Karpatian)

Germany

A cordylid, a species of Bavaricordylus.

Headonhillia[28]

Valid

  • Klembara
  • Green

Late Eocene, Ludian (Priabonian)

Bembridge Limestone Formation

England

An anguine lizard. The species is H. parva.

Heloderma welcommei[29]

Valid

  • Herman
  • Van Den Eeckhaut

Eocene

Belgium

An anguimorph lizard. Herman and Van Den Eeckhaut (2010) consider it to be a species of Heloderma (though the authors define the genus Heloderma more broadly than most herpetologists, and explicitly synonymize the glyptosaurine genus Placosaurus with it).[29]

Kleskunsaurus[30]

Valid

  • Nydam
  • Caldwell
  • Fanti

Upper Campanian

Wapiti Formation

Canada

A scincomorph lizard. The species is K. grandeprairiensis.

Liushusaurus[31]

Valid

  • Evans
  • Wang

Lower Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

China

A scincogekkonomorph lizard. The species is L. acanthocaudata.

Pedrerasaurus[32]

Valid

  • Bolet
  • Evans

Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian-early Valanginan)

Montsec's Formation (ca)

Spain

A scincogekkonomorph lizard. The species is P. latifrontalis.

Tropidophorus bavaricus[16]

Valid

  • Böhme

Miocene (late Karpatian)

Germany

A lygosomine skink, a species of Tropidophorus.

Varanus debiei[29]

Valid

  • Herman
  • Van Den Eeckhaut

Eocene

Belgium

A monitor lizard.

Newly named snakes

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Colombophis spinosus[33]

Valid

  • Hsiou, Albino & Ferigolo

Late Miocene

Solimões Formation

Brazil

An alethinophidian snake, a species of Colombophis.

Kelyophis[34]

Valid

  • Laduke
  • Krause
  • Scanlon
  • Kley

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Maevarano Formation

Madagascar

A nigerophiid snake

Menarana[34]

Valid

  • Laduke
  • Krause
  • Scanlon
  • Kley

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Maevarano Formation

Madagascar

A madtsoiid snake

Micronatrix[35]

Valid

  • Parmley & Hunter

Late Miocene (Clarendonian)

United States

A natricine colubrid snake. The type species is Micronatrix juliescottae.

Sanajeh[36]

Valid

Maastrichtian

Lameta Formation

India

A madtsoiid snake which preyed on hatchling sauropods.

Model of Sanajeh in a titanosaur nest

Turtles

Newly named turtles

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Cerrejonemys[37]

Valid

  • Cadena
  • Bloch
  • Jaramillo

Paleocene

Cerrejón Formation

Colombia

Chupacabrachelys[38]

Valid

  • Lehman
  • Wick

Campanian

Aguja Formation

USA

A taphrosphyini bothremydid

Gamerabaena[39]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

Hell Creek Formation

USA

Itilochelys[40]

Valid

  • Danilov
  • Averianov
  • Yarkov

Danian

Beryozovaya beds

Russia

Jiangxichelys[41]

Valid

  • Tong
  • Mo

Late Cretaceous

Ganzhou

China

A nanhsiungchelyid turtle.

Liaochelys[42]

Valid

  • Zhou

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

China

A macrobaenid turtle.

Mexichelys[43]

Valid

  • Parham
  • Pyenson

Late Campanian

Cerro del Pueblo Formation

Mexico

A sea turtle. A new genus for "Euclastes" coahuilaensis (Brinkman et al., 2009).[44]

Pacifichelys[43]

Valid

  • Parham
  • Pyenson

Miocene

Peru
USA

A sea turtle.

Pangshura tatrotia[45]

Valid

  • Joyce
  • Lyson

Pliocene

Tatrot Formation

Pakistan

A species of Pangshura.

"Trionyx" kansaiensis[46]

Valid

  • Vitek & Danilov

Late Cretaceous

Kazakhstan
Tajikistan

A trionychid with unclear systematic position, a species of Trionyx sensu lato.

Archosauromorphs

Newly named basal archosauromorphs

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis[47]

Valid

Ladinian/Carnian

Makay Formation

Madagascar

A basal archosauromorph.

Bentonyx[48]

Valid

Middle Triassic

Otter Sandstone Formation

England

A rhynchosaur.

Koilamasuchus[49]

Valid

  • Ezcurra
  • Lecuona
  • Martinelli

Early Triassic

Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation

Argentina

The best-known basal archosauriform from South America.

Megalancosaurus endennae[50]

Valid

Alaunian (early Norian)

Zorzino Limestone Formation

Italy

A drepanosaurid that is known from MBSN 25, a partial skeleton (Partial postcranial skeleton).

Teyumbaita[51]

Valid

  • Montefeltro
  • Langer
  • Schultz

Late Triassic

Caturrita Formation
Ischigualasto Formation[52]

Argentina
Brazil

A rhynchosaur. A new genus for "Scaphonyx" sulcognathus (Azevedo & Schultz, 1987).

Uatchitodon schneideri[53]

Valid

  • Mitchell
  • Heckert
  • Sues

Late Triassic

Cumnock Formation
Bluewater Creek Formation

USA

A venomous archosauriform known only from isolated teeth.

Vallesaurus zorzinensis[50]

Valid

Alaunian (early Norian)

Zorzino Limestone Formation

Italy

A basal drepanosauromorph that is known from MCSNB 4783, a set of vertebrae and hindlimbs.

Archosaurs

Synapsids

Other animals

Footnotes

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