Anaerococcus

Until recently, the genus Anaerococcus have 14 known species.^[21][9] Six of the species were initially classified in the genus Peptostreptococcus but then based on their characteristics were re-classified in the new genus Anaerococcus: A. hydrogenalis, A. lactolyticus, A. octavius, A. prevotii, A. tetradius, and A. vaginalis.^[5][2] Throughout the years, the specie who has been more commonly found on the body within this genus is A. prevotii.^[9]

Contrary to most of the species in the genus, Anaerococcus octavius was not related to human infections.^[9] Nevertheless, recently a new case revealed A. octavius can cause bacteremia.^[9] Even though it is uncommon, Anaerococcus octavius can be the cause for human infections.^[9] Other studies have found A. octavius as part of the nasal, skin and vaginal normal flora.^[9][4] This bacteria can ferment ribose, glucose, and mannose.^[4]

A. prevotii is normally found in vaginal discharge, human plasma and some types of abscesses - such as ovarian, peritoneal sacral and/or lung abscesses.^[9][6] Anaerococcus prevotii is part of the normal flora in the skin, oral cavity and the gut.^[6] Studies has shown Anaerococcus prevotii presents resistance to Ceftazidime, Clindamycin, Levofloxacin.^[9] Unlike the other species, A. prevotii can not ferment glucose.^[22]

A. vaginalis was first recovered from vaginal discharges and ovarian abscesses although this bacteria can also be found in pressure ulcers and diabetic foot.^[4][9] Some strains from this species can be indole-positive.^[4]

A. provencensis was isolated from a cervical abscess.^[23] This species can ferment lactose, unlike A. tetradius, A. prevotii, and A. octavius.^[23] The first analysis made on Anaerococcus provencensis showed it is susceptible to penicillin G, imipenem, amoxillin, metronidazole, cefotetan and vancomycin.^[23]

A. senegalensis is one of the few species in the genus whose genome has been sequenced.^[2] The genome has a size of 1,790,835 bp.^[2] Analysis did not show presence of a plasmid.^[2] Initially, Anaerococcus senegalensis was found in the fecal flora of a healthy person.^[2]

A. rubiinfantis was discovered from a stool sample taken from an infant with severe acute malnutrition in Senegal.^[24] Based on a genomic analysis, Anaerococcus rubiinfantis has high antibiotic susceptibility.^[24] For that reason this bacteria can be treated with common oral antibiotics.^[24] A. rubiinfantis have catalase activity, which is not common from an anaerobic bacteria.^[24]

A. marasmi was first found in 2016 from a stool sample on a child with marasmus.^[21] Just like A. rubiinfantis, Anaerococcus marasmi is catalase positive.^[21] A. marasmi can grow in a range of pH between 6.5 and 8.^[21] Moreover, A. marasmi has a high 16S rRNA sequence similarity (97.6%) with A. prevotii ^[21]

A. urinomassiliensis was isolated from a urine sample of a male adolescent with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and autoimmune hepatitis.^[25] It took 10 days of anaerobic incubation to observe growth from this bacteria.^[25] Anaerococcus urinomassiliensis does not have either oxidase or catalase activity.^[25]

• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera