Dickkopf
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| Dickkopf-related protein 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | DKK1 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 22943 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2891 | ||||||
| OMIM | 605189 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_036374 | ||||||
| UniProt | O94907 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 10 q21.1 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Dickkopf-related protein 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | DKK2 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 27123 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2892 | ||||||
| OMIM | 605415 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_055236 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q9UBU2 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 4 q25 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Dickkopf-related protein 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | DKK3 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 27122 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2893 | ||||||
| OMIM | 605416 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_037385 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q9QUN9 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 11 p15.3 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Dickkopf-related protein 4 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | DKK4 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 27121 | ||||||
| HGNC | 2894 | ||||||
| OMIM | 605417 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_055235 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q9UBT3 | ||||||
| Other data | |||||||
| Locus | Chr. 8 p11.21 | ||||||
| |||||||
Dickkopf (DKK) is a family of proteins consisting of five members as of 2020. That is, vertebrates usually contain five genes that are members of the family. The most well-studied is Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1).[1] DKK proteins inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway coreceptors LRP5 and LRP6. They bind with high affinity as ligands to KREMEN1 and KREMEN2, which are transmembrane proteins.[2] DKK proteins have important roles in the development of vertebrates.[2]
Structure
DKK proteins are glycoproteins consisting of 255–350 amino acids. DKK1, DKK2, and DKK4 have similar molecular weights, at 24–29 kDa (kilodaltons). DKK3 is heaviest, at 38 kDa.[2] In addition to having similar weights, DKK1, -2, and -4 have high structural similarity, with two shared cysteine-rich domains. DKK3 differs from -1, -2, and -4 by the presence of a Soggy domain at its N-terminus.[5]
