Eastern Mansi
Extinct Uralic language spoken in Russia
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Eastern or Konda Mansi is an extinct member of the Mansi languages, and was spoken in Russia in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Shivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died.[4] It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has [œː], frequently diphthongized.
| Eastern Mansi | |
|---|---|
| маньсь лынгх[1] маньсь нялм[2][failed verification] маньсь не̄лм ляӈх / лях ма̊̄ньщха̊р не̄лм ляӈх [3] | |
| Pronunciation | [mɒnʲsʲ lʲɘŋx], [mɒnʲsʲ nʲæləm] ⓘ |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Khanty–Mansi |
| Extinct | 2018, with the death of Maksim Šivtorov[4] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | east2879 |
| ELP | Eastern Mansi |
 | |
 Eastern Mansi is classified as Extinct according to The Uralic Languages (2023)[4] | |
In Russian linguistics, the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" (Russian: южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект[7]) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" (Russian: восточная группа диалектов).[8]
Dialects
- Lower Konda Mansi
- Middle Konda Mansi
- Upper Konda Mansi
- Jukonda Mansi
Phonology
Consonants
Some remarks:
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words.
- In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does.
- /ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| Close | i K 1 (и, ӣ, ы, ы̄) |
y, yː K 3 (ӱ, ӱ̄) |
u, uː K 3 (у, ӯ) (ю, ю̄) | |
| Close-mid | ɘ, ɘː KM (ә, ә̄) |
o, oː K 3 (о, о̄) (ё, ё̄) | ||
| Mid | e ~ i eːK 2 3 (э, э̄) (е, е̄) |
ø K (ӧ) |
(ə) K (ы) |
|
| Near-open | æ, æː K (ӓ, ӓ̄) |
|||
| Open | a, aː K 4 (а, а̄) (я, я̄) |
ɒ ~ ɑ K (а̊ , а̊̄) | ||
(KM=Present in Middle Konda | KU=Present in Lower Konda | K=Present in both)
Some remarks:
- Only present in palatal environments.
- It has the allophone /iː/.
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions.
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.
Diphthongs
In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.
In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as [œ] which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.
Alphabet
In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this:
The highlighted letters are found in loanwords, except нг which represents a single nasal consonant[1] and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects.[citation needed]
| А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё |
| Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м |
| Н н | Нг нг | О о | П п | Р р | С с | Т т |
| У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ |
| Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
The Yukonda dialect had a specialized alphabet, found in E. A. Kuzakova's book: [3]
| А а | А̄ а̄ | Ӓ ӓ | Ӓ̄ ӓ̄ | А̊ а̊ | А̊̄ а̊̄ | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д |
| Е е | Е̄ е̄ | Ё ё | Ё̄ ё̄ | Ж ж | З з | И и | Ӣ ӣ | Й й | К к |
| Л л | Л̆ л̆ | М м | Н н | Ӈ ӈ | О о | О̄ о̄ | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р |
| С с | Т т | У у | Ӯ ӯ | Ӱ ӱ | Ӱ̄ ӱ̄ | У̊ у̊ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц |
| Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | ъ | ы | ь | Э э | Э̄ э̄ | Ю ю | Ю̄ ю̄ |
| Я я | Я̄ я̄ | ||||||||
| (Ю̈ ю̈ | Ю̈̄ ю̈̄ | Ю̊ ю̊ | Я̈ я̈ | Я̈̄ я̈̄ | Я̊ я̊ | Я̊̄ я̊̄) |