Faizul Hasan Saharanpuri
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Faizul Hasan Saharanpuri | |
|---|---|
فیض الحسن سہارنپوری | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1816 |
| Died | 1887 (aged 70–71) |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Senior posting | |
| Teacher | Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi |
Faizul Hasan Saharanpuri (1816–1887) was an Indian Islamic scholar, poet, and educator, known for his work in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu literature, as well as in logic, philosophy, and Islamic studies. Some of his famous students include Shibli Nomani, Syed Ahmad Khan, Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri, Hamiduddin Farahi, and Altaf Hussain Hali.
Faizul Hasan was born in 1816 in Saharanpur into a family of landowners.[1] His ancestry traced back to Qalandar Bakhsh Jurat, and he belonged to the Quraysh lineage, although his full genealogical record is not completely documented. He received instruction in Persian and Arabic from his father and, by the age of twenty, had gained recognition in logic, earning the title Faiz al-Hasan Mantaqi (the Logician).[2] He pursued advanced studies under several teachers: in Delhi, he studied foundational Islamic sciences with Sadr al-Din Azrada and hadith with Akhwan Vilayati, from whom he obtained the isnad (chain of transmission); in Rampur, he studied logic, literature, and philosophy under Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi; and he also visited Lucknow to consult other scholars. Additionally, he studied Persian poetry with Maulana Sahbai and sought guidance in Urdu poetry from Mirza Ghalib. His education further included philosophical studies with Hakim Imam al-Din and spiritual instruction under Ahmad Saeed al-‘Umri al-Dehlawi.[2]
Career
After completing his studies, Saharanpuri taught for several years in northern India. He was invited by Syed Ahmad Khan to tutor his son, Syed Mahmood, and assist with translation work for the Scientific Society of India. He later served as a professor of Arabic at Oriental College, Lahore, where he also edited the monthly journal Shifa al-Sudur. He taught in Lahore for approximately fifteen to sixteen years, instructing students in Arabic literature, grammar, and composition.[3]
Among his notable students were Altaf Hussain Hali; Maulana Ismail Koli; Ahmad Uddin Lahori; Syed Al-Hasan Amrohi; Hamiduddin Farahi; Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri; Khalil Ahmad Sambhali; Syed Ahmad Khan; Shibli Nomani; Quazi Zafaruddin Lahori; Abdul Jabbar Umarpuri; Abdullah Tonki; Muhammad bin Ahmad Tonki; Syed Muhammad Irfan Tonki; and Mushtaq Ahmad Ambethi.[4]
Saharanpuri died in February 1887 from a snakebite in Lahore. In accordance with his wishes, his body was transported to Saharanpur for burial.[5]
Works
Saharanpuri wrote in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, producing works in logic, philosophy, literature, and Islamic studies. He also composed poetry under the pen names Faiz and Khiyali, reflecting classical Persian and Urdu literary traditions. He declined the honorary title Shams al-Ulama offered by Punjab University, demonstrating his preference to remain outside formal recognition. Left-handed in writing, his manuscripts were noted for their precision and careful composition.[6]
His notable works include: Halle Abyat Baizawi (Arabic, 1271 Hijri / 1854), Taaliqaat al-Jalalayn (Arabic, 1287 Hijri / 1870), Faizi Sharah Hamasa (Arabic, 1294 Hijri / 1877), Tohfa-e-Siddiqiya (Arabic, 1295 Hijri / 1878), Hashiya Diwan-e-Hassan bin Sabit (Arabic), Riyaz-ul-Faiz Sharah Saba-al-Mualqat (1881 / 1299 Hijri), Hashiya Diwan An-Nabigahatuz-Zubyani, Qamoos-ul-Faiz (1881 / 1299 Hijri), Urooz-ul-Miftah (1881 / 1299 Hijri), Dian-ul-Faiz (1915 / 1334 Hijri), Sharah Tarikh Taimoori, Zau-ul-Mishkat Sharh-e-Mishkat, Khulasa Kitaab al-Maghazi, Quraaba Deen-e-Faizi (Persian), Naseem Faizi (Diwan Farsi, 1903), Masnawi Roza Faiz (Persian, 1900 / 1318 Hijri), Masnawi Subhe Eid (1882 / 1299 Hijri), Faizia (1882), Ansaab wa Ayyam al-Arab, Majallatu Shifa us-Sudoor, Majallatun Nafaul Azeem, Faiziyatu fil-Urduwiya fi Usool al-Manazirah (1882), Gulzaar-e-Faiz-e-Diwan (Urdu), Chashma-e-Faiz (Urdu), Tohfa-tul-Siddiqiya (Arabic, 1878), Ous wa Khazraj Tasikh-ul-Qabilatain, Sineeh-ul-Islam, Waseelatu-Safas, Hashiyatul Aqd-ut-Tameen, Risala-e-Guldasta, and Qasaid-e-Qasmi.[7]
Sources
- Mahdi Hasan, A.K.M (2022). Contribution of al Allamah Faizul Hasan al Saharanpuri to the Arabic studies a critical and analytical study (PhD thesis) (in Arabic). India: Arabic, Persian, Urdu & Islamic studies, Visva-Bharati University. p. 1. hdl:10603/523774.
- Gosh, Mohammed (2022). An Analytical and Critical Study of the Literary Linguistic and Poetic Writings of Faizul Hasan Al Saharanpuri (PhD thesis) (in Arabic). India: Department of Arabic, Maulana Azad National Urdu University. p. 1. hdl:10603/537471.
- Rahman, Shaikh Jalilur (2017). An analytical study on the contribution of al allamah faizul hasan al saharanpuri to the arabic language and literature (PhD thesis). India: Department of Arabic, Gauhati University. p. 1. hdl:10603/222558.
- Alam, Shahnawaz (2008). Maulana Faizul Hasan _d:1304 AH_ saharanpuri his contribution to Arabic language and lit (PhD thesis) (in Arabic). India: Department of Arabic, Aligarh Muslim University. p. 1. hdl:10603/57128.
- Qureshi, Saeed Iqbal (1986). Maulana Faizul Hasan Qureshi Saharanpuri: Ilmi wa Adabi Kaarname (PhD thesis) (in Urdu). Pakistan: University of the Punjab. p. 1. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022.
References
- ↑ Hasan, A.K.M. Mahdi (2022). "Biography of Allama Faizul Hasan Al Saharanpuri" (PDF). International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science. 10 (4): 63. ISSN 2320-9364.
- 1 2 Rahman 1997, p. 13.
- ↑ Rahman 1997, p. 14.
- ↑ Hasan 2022, p. 64.
- ↑ Rahman, Ateequr (1997). Moulana Faizul Hasan Adeeb Saharanpuri (in Urdu). Delhi: Offset Press. p. 15.
- ↑ Rahman 1997, p. 16.
- ↑ Hasan 2022, p. 64–65.