Grès à Voltzia
Geologic formation in France
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The Grès à Voltzia is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Triassic period, more specifically the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic epoch. It represents a lagerstatte that is well known for its palaeoflora, which shares numerous similarities with palaeobotanical assemblages in the Iberian Peninsula.[1]
TypeFormation
Unit ofUpper Buntsandstein
Sub-unitsGrès à meules, Grès à argilleux, Grès coquillier
UnderliesGrès coquillier
| Grès à Voltzia | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
The Grès à Voltzia in the Carrière Royale near Soultz-les-Bains | |
| Type | Formation |
| Unit of | Upper Buntsandstein |
| Sub-units | Grès à meules, Grès à argilleux, Grès coquillier |
| Underlies | Grès coquillier |
| Overlies | Couches intermédiaires |
| Thickness | Over 20 metres |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Clay, Silt, Dolomite |
| Location | |
| Country | France |
Paleobiota
Arthropods
Insects
| Insects | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Anisinodus | A. crinitus | Chironomoidea | Earliest chironomoid known, fossils are all of larvae[2] | ||
| Archilimonia | A. vogesiana, A. grauvogeliana | Archilimoniinae (Limoniidae)[3] | Formerly placed in its own family “Archilimonidae”[4] | ||
| Archostemata indet. | Unapplicable | Coleoptera | Represented by 32 distinct forms, but unfortunately none of these can be named at present as they are only represented by isolated elytra[5] | ||
| Arlecoris | A. louisi | Arlecorinae (Naucoroidea) | Earliest water bug known[6] | ||
| Baharellinus | B. umbrosus | Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea) | Has a dark wing membrane[7] | ||
| Chauliodites | C. aniscus | Chaulioditidae (Grylloblattida)[7] | |||
| Dorniella | D. elcanoides, D. apectinata, D. diluta, D. ovalis | Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea) | Most diverse grylloblattodean from the formation[7] | ||
| Embigryllus | E. shcherbakovi | Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea)[7] | |||
| Gallia | G. alsatica | Stem-Brachycera | Earliest brachyceran known[8] | ||
| Galliagryllavus | G. vogesiacus | Gryllavidae (Ensifera) | Similar to Gryllavus[9] | ||
| Grauvogelia | G. arzevilleriana | Grauvogeliidae (Diptera) | Placed in an entirely separate infraorder (Grauvogeliomorpha) within Diarchineura (synonymous with the modern, broader Psychodomorpha), oldest known fly at time of discovery[10] | ||
| Laurentiptera | L. gallica | Liassophilidae (Mecoptera) | Formerly placed in its own family “Laurentipteridae”[11] | ||
| Leaphis | L. primus[6] | Creaphididae (Aphidomorpha) | Earliest aphid known, synonymous with the later named “Vosegus triassicus”[12] | ||
| Louisa | L. nova | Grauvogeliidae (Diptera) | Similar to Grauvogelia[4] | ||
| Megakhosarodes | M. vosgesicus | Megakhosaridae (Grylloblattodea) | Similar to the Permian M. zajsanicus[7] | ||
| Mesoplectopteron | M. longipes | Mesoplectopteridae (Ephemeroptera) | Redescribed in a 2005 paper[13] | ||
| Minorella | M. virgata | Ephemeroptera incertae sedis | Similar to modern Leptophlebiidae, but the fossils are not well-preserved enough for confident identification[13] | ||
| Palaeochresmoda | P. grauvogeli | Prochresmodidae (Phasmatodea) | Earliest known stick insect at the time[14] | ||
| Palaeomesorthopteron | P. pullus | Mesorthopteridae (Grylloblattodea) | Has dark wing membrane[7] | ||
| Prochoristella | P. pilosa | Permochoristidae (Mecoptera)[15] | Named after the abundance of microchaetae on the wings[16] | ||
| Pseudopolycentropus | P. triassicus | Pseudopolycentropodidae | Earliest pseudopolycentropodid known[16] | ||
| Reisia | R. guillaumei | Triadotypidae (Odonatoptera) | Formerly placed in the genus “Triadotypus”[17] | ||
| Scleroblatta | S. densa | Argentinoblattidae (Blattodea)[18] | Differentiated by a large costal vein[19] | ||
| Subioblatta | S. undulata | Subioblattidae (Blattodea) | Caused a redescription of Subioblattidae in its original paper[20] | ||
| Tanus | T. triassicus | Nadipteromorpha (Psychodomorpha) | Known from a fairly complete specimen, may be ancestral to Tanyderidae[4] | ||
| Toxodotes | T. coloratus | Toxodotidae (Ephemeroptera) | Has coloured wingtips[13] | ||
| Transitoblatta | T. reticulata | Mancusoblattidae (Blattodea)[18] | Transitional between Paleozoic and Mesozoic cockroaches[19] | ||
| Triassodotes | T. vogesiacus | Misthodotidae (Ephemeroptera) | Similar to Misthodotes, but has shorter hind wings[13] | ||
| Triassoephemera | T. punctata | Triassoephemeridae (Ephemeroptera) | Unusually has an unflattened body and double claws, unlike all modern mayfly larvae[13] | ||
| Triassomanthus | T. parvulus | Triassomanthidae (Ephemeroptera) | Has long tusks like burrowing nymphs, but has legs not adapted for burrowing[13] | ||
| Triassonurus | T. doliiformis | Siphlonuridae | Oldest siphlonurid known[13] | ||
| Triassoparacyrtophyllites | T. bifurcatus | Tuphellidae (Hagloidea) | Similar to Paracyrtophyllites[9] | ||
| Triassophyllum | T. leopardii | Tettigoniidae | Oldest tettigoniid known[21] | ||
| Vogerhypha | V. blagoderovi, V. krzeminskorum | Protorhyphidae (Bibionomorpha) | Formerly placed in “Vymrhyphus”[8] | ||
| Vogesonympha | V. ludovici | Vogesonymphidae (Sinebranchia/Panephemeroptera)[22] | Formerly classed as Pterygota incertae sedis, as it has a striking resemblance to Carbotriplura despite being vastly smaller[13] | ||
| Vosgesopterum | V. arzvillerensis | Blattogryllidae (Grylloblattodea)[7] | |||
| Voltziaephemera | V. fossoria | Voltziaephemeridae (Ephemeroptera) | Likely a burrowing nymph, as evidenced by having tusks, but different from extant ones in its long and narrow wing pads[13] | ||
| Voltziahagla | V. pseudofurcatus | Haglidae | Similar to Archaboilus[9] | ||
| Voltzialestes | V. triasicus | Voltzialestidae (Protozygoptera) | First odonate from the formation[23] | ||
| Voltziapupa | V. cornuta, V. tentata | Grauvogeliidae? (Diptera) | Known from pupae[2] | ||
Misc. Arthropods
| Misc. Arthropods | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Anhelkocephalon | A. handlirschi | Cyclida | Formerly interpreted as an isopod[24] | ||
| Antrimpos | A. atavus | Penaeidae[25] | A fairly widespread prawn genus |  | |
| Apudites | A. antiquus | Calmanostraca (Branchiopoda) | Formerly placed within Triops cancriformis[26] |  | |
| Clytiopsis | C. argentoratensis | Erymidae | Synonymised with two other species from the formation, which are likely larvae of this one[25] | ||
| Diaphanosoma | D. rare | Peracarida incertae sedis | Previously thought to be a larval decapod[25] | ||
| Euestheria | E. minuta minuta | Euestheriidae (Spinicaudata) | Shell valve resembles that of tellins in shape,[25] formerly placed in the genus “Isaura”[27] | ||
| Euthycarcinus | E. kessleri | Euthycarcinoidea | First euthycarcinoid described, alongside the youngest and one of the most well-preserved[25] |  | |
| Galloscorpio | G. voltzi | Galloscorpionidae (Scorpiones) | One of the youngest known scorpions from an extinct superfamily[28] | ||
| Grauvogelocaris | G. alsatica | Stem-Diplostraca | Resembles the Cambrian Rehbachiella somewhat in its combination of a carapace covering the head/thorax and a long abdomen[26] | ||
| Halicyne | H. ornata | Cyclida | Similar to Anhelkocephalon[24] | ||
| Hannibaliulus | H. wilsonae | Callipodida? | One of the few Mesozoic millipede fossils[29] | ||
| Limulitella | L. bronni | Limulidae? | One of the few freshwater horseshoe crabs known[30] | ||
| Olesenocaris | O. grauvogeli | Stem-Diplostraca? | Resembles the Cambrian Rehbachiella somewhat in its combination of a carapace covering the head/thorax and a long abdomen[26] | ||
| Palaega | P. pumila | Flabellifera | Had strong mandibles, likely carnivorous[25] | ||
| Palaeolimnadia | P. alsatica | Limnadiidae | Bears two different egg types; one larger and one smaller[25] | ||
| Palaeolimnadiopsis | P. dictyonata | Limnadiopsidae (Conchostraca) | Relatively large, over 1 cm long[25] | ||
| Praeleaia | P. sp | Leaiidae (Conchostraca) | Also similar to Estheriella[25] | ||
| Protobuthus | P. elegans | Protobuthidae (Buthoidea) | Earliest known buthoid scorpion[28] |  | |
| Rosamygale | R. grauvogeli | Hexathelidae | Oldest known mygalomorph spider[31] | ||
| Schimperella | S. beneckei, S. kessleri | Mysida | Differs from modern mysids in the lack of uropod statocysts[25] | ||
| Triasocaris | T. peachi | Syncarida | Indeterminate family[25] | ||
| Triassinella | T. aff. tsorfatia | Glorianellidae (Podocopida) | Fairly small, only around 0.75 mm long[25] | ||
Misc. Invertebrates
| Misc. Invertebrates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Enantiostreon | E. difforme | Prospondylidae (Pectinida)[32] | Formerly placed within Terquemiidae[25] | ||
| Entolium | E. discites | Entoliidae | Specimens vary in size between different localities[25] | ||
| Eunicites | E. triasicus | Leodicidae (Errantia) | Likely quite tolerant to salinity variations similar to modern eunicids[25] | ||
| Hoernesia | H. sp | Bakevelliidae | Also similar to Gervillia, but too poorly preserved to identify further[25] | ||
| Homaphrodite | H. speciosa | Aphroditidae | Also resembles polynoids[25] | ||
| Homomya | H. impressa, H. albertii | Pholadomyidae | Likely a burrower[25] | ||
| Lingula | L. tenuissima[25] | Lingulidae | Lingula is a common example of a “living fossil”, however recent evidence suggests this is a result of misidentification[33] |  | |
| Loxonema | L. obsoletum | Loxonematidae | Similar to L. detritum[25] |  | |
| Modiolus | M. sp. | Mytilida | Similar to M. triquetra, but longer[25] |  | |
| Myophoria | M. vulgaris | Trigoniida | Likely lived in muddy sediment like other trigoniids[25] | ||
| Naticopsis | N. gaillardoti | Neritopsidae | Most specimens are flattened in various planes[25] |  | |
| Pleuromya | P. elongata | Pleuromyidae (Myida) | Likely a burrower[25] | ||
| Progonionemus | P. vogesiacus | Limnomedusae | One of the oldest freshwater hydrozoans known[34] |  | |
| ”Spirorbis” | S. pusillus | Serpulidae | Poorly preserved, despite another species assigned to the genus being common in the Muschelkalk[25] | ||
| Triadonereis | T. sp | Annelida incertae sedis | Incompletely preserved, so its assignment to the genus is only provisional[25] | ||
| Undularia | U. scalata | Protorculidae | Formerly placed in “Ptenoglossa”[25] | ||
| Velata[35] | V. albertii | Pectinidae | Formerly placed in “Eopecten”[25] | ||
Vertebrates
| Vertebrates | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Dipteronotus | D. aculeatus | Perleidiformes | Formerly placed within “Praesemionotus”[36] |  | |
| Dorsolepis | D. virgatus | Platysomidae (Palaeonisciformes) | While the body is well-preserved and similar to other platysomids, the head is barely known[36] | ||
| Eocyclotosaurus | E. lehmani | Heylerosauridae | Formerly placed in Stenotosaurus[37] |  | |
| Mastodonsauridae indet. | Unapplicable | Mastodonsauroidea | Formerly classed as “Odontosaurus voltzii”, then moved into “Mastodonsaurus” vaslenensis before finally being removed from a genus altogether[38] | ||
| Mirasaura | M. grauvogeli | Drepanosauromorpha | Related to the enigmatic Longisquama from the Madygen Formation[39] |  | |
| Pericentrophorus | P. minimus | Semionotiformes | Resembles Acentrophorus, originally placed as a “transitional form” between Chondrostei and Holostei[36] |  | |
| Saurichthys | S. daubreei | Saurichthyidae | Similar to Saurichthys lepidosteoides from the Muschelkalk[40] |  | |
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