Jinju Formation
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Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea
Unit ofShindong Group
UnderliesChilgog Formation in Miryang Subbasin; Iljig Formation in Euiseong Subbasin
OverliesHasandong Formation
| Jinju Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Albian ~112.4–106.5 Ma | |
 Outcrop of the Jinju Formation in Jinju | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Shindong Group |
| Underlies | Chilgog Formation in Miryang Subbasin; Iljig Formation in Euiseong Subbasin |
| Overlies | Hasandong Formation |
| Thickness | 600–1,800 m (2,000–5,900 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Shale |
| Other | Sandstone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 35°06′N 128°06′E / 35.1°N 128.1°E / 35.1; 128.1 |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 44°18′N 122°42′E / 44.3°N 122.7°E / 44.3; 122.7 |
| Region | Gyeongsang Province |
| Country | South Korea |
| Extent | Gyeongsang Basin(ko:경상 분지) |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Jinju |
| Named by | Tateiwa, 1929[1] |
 Distribution of the Jinju Formation | |
The Jinju Formation (Korean: 진주층; Hanja: 晋州層; RR: Jinju-cheung), also known as the Dongmyeong Formation (Korean: 동명층; Hanja: 東明層; RR: Dongmyeong-cheung) in some literature is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea.[2] Lithology of the Jinju Formation could be distinguished from overlying and underlying formations by lack of red beds in the entire formation.
The depositional age of this formation spans from approximately 112.4 ± 1.3 to 106.5 million years ago (early Albian) based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating.[3] It predominantly consists of black shale, with sandstone packets, deposited in a fluvial-lacustrine setting. Entire paleoenviornment of the Jinju Formation is interpreted as balanced-fill lake basin, with deltas and streams.[4]
A diverse arthropod fauna, including isopods, spiders, and insects, is known from the formation. Other notable fossils known from the formation include several freshwater fishes, ostracods, and plants. This formation has also "attracted global ichnological attention" for the variety of important ichnofossils.[5] Columnar and rod-shaped stromatolites have also been found here.[6]
Plants
Based on plant fossil records, the Jinju Flora is interpreted as a temperate intermontane savannah, due to mountain barriers blocking moisture. The assemblage was dominated by stress-tolerant, low-diversity flora adapted to the arid conditions or to localized waterlogged niches. Not only restricted to the Jinju Formation, but the entire floral diversity was relatively low throughout the entire Gyeongsang Supergroup.[7] Palynofossil records also suggest the Jinju Formation was overall arid.
Unnamed plant remains include 3 different types of unidentified ferns, at least 2 types of seed cones, a conifer pollen cone, detached conifer seed cone scales, a connate bractate organ of unknown affinity, and at least 9 different types of diaspores, including winged forms and likely fleshy forms.
| Plants of the Jinju Formation[7] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Equisetum |
|
Horsetail | ||||
| Equisetites | E. naktongensis | Horsetail | ||||
| Hausmannia | H. sp. | Dipteridaceae fern | ||||
| cf. Klukia | cf. K. sp. | Schizaeaceae fern | ||||
| Ruffordia | R. sp.[4] | Schizaeaceae fern | ||||
| Onychiopsis | O. elongata[9] | leptosporangiate fern | ||||
| Cladophlebis |
|
Fern, family unknown. | ||||
| Sphenopteris |
|
Fern, family unknown. | ||||
| Sectilopteris |
|
Fern, family unknown. | ||||
| Pseudofrenelopsis | P. sp. | Scale- and awl-leaved Cheirolepidiaceae conifer | ||||
| Platycladium | P. sp. | Scale- and awl-leaved conifer, family unknown. Cupressinocladus sp. described in Kim 2009[10] might allied with this taxon.[7] | ||||
| Geinitzia |
|
Divergent-leaved Geinitziaceae conifer | ||||
| Pagiophyllum |
|
Scale- and awl-leaved conifer, family unknown. | ||||
| Elatocladus |
|
Divergent-leaved conifer, family unknown. | ||||
| Pityophyllum |
|
Divergent-leaved conifer | ||||
| Brachyphyllum |
|
Scale- and awl-leaved conifer, family unknown. | ||||
| Cupressinocladus |
|
Scale- and awl-leaved conifer. The presence of this taxon indicates that a mixed type of the Tetori-Type and the Ryoseki-Type flora existed in this formation. | ||||
| Podozamites | P. sp. | Broadleaf conifer, family unknown. | ||||
| Krassilovia | K. sp. | Seed cones | Krassiloviaceae conifer | |||
| cf. Elatides | cf. E. sp. | Seed cones | Cupressaceae conifer | |||
| Pityospermum | P. sp. | A diaspore | Pinaceae conifer | |||
| Desmiophyllum | D. sp. | Non-conifer broadleaf gymnosperm, family unknown. | ||||
| Doylea | D. sp. | Bifurcated seed-bearing cupulate unit | Doylealean gymnosperm | |||
| Jarudia | J. sp. | Seed-bearing cupulate unit with 2 distal seeds | Doylealean gymnosperm | |||
| Umaltolepis | U. sp. | Seed-bearing capulate units | Possible Ginkgoopsid | |||
Spiders
| Spiders of the Jinju Formation[11] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Korearachne | K. jinju | Jinju | likely to be a lycosoid | |||
| Koreamegops | K. samsiki | Jinju | a lagonomegopid | |||
| Jinjumegops | J. dalingwateri | Jinju | a lagonomegopid | |||
| Mygalomorphae | indeterminate | Jinju | ||||
| Araneomorphae | indeterminate | Jinju | ||||
| Palpimanoidea | indeterminate | Jinju | ||||
| "Cribellate Entelegynae" |
|
Jinju | ||||
Insects
Odonata
| Dragonflies and damselflies of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Hemeroscopus | H. baissicus[12][13] | Sacheon and Jinju | Both nymphs and adults | |||
| Koreapodagrion | K. coloratus[14] | Jinju | Isolated wings | |||
Dermaptera
| Earwigs of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| cf. Pygidicranoidea[15] | indeterminate | |||||
Orthoptera
| Orthopterans of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Panorpidium | P. spica[16] | A member of Elcanidae | ||||
Dictyoptera
| Dictyopterans of the Jinju Formation[17] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Cretophotina | C. smidovae | A member of Mantodea | ||||
| Juramantis |
|
|||||
| Bubosa | B. petrarosa | A member of Blattidae | ||||
| Neoblattella | N. coockrock | A member of Ectobiidae | ||||
| Perlucipecta |
|
A member of Mesoblattinidae | ||||
| Praeblattella |
|
|||||
| Mongoloblatta | M. koreaensis | |||||
| Archimesoblatta | A. basopicta | |||||
| Spinaeblattina | S. variabilitta | |||||
| Jinjublatta | J. cascadaerrorum | |||||
| Stictolampra | S. baqueuii | A member of Blaberidae | ||||
| Holocompsa | H. scleroptera | A member of Corydiidae | ||||
| Ioouoonool | I. taktobybolo | |||||
| Asioblatta | A. jeongchonensis | A member of Raphidiomimidae | ||||
| Cameloblatta | C. immaculata | |||||
| Tayphoonoblatta | T. correntini | |||||
| Ano | A. ale | A member of Liberiblattinidae | ||||
| Brutalista | B. masivny | |||||
| Blattula | B. pessimusestfinis | A member of Blattulidae | ||||
| Elisama |
|
|||||
| Ocellonlattula | O. gyongsangensis | |||||
| Vrtula | V. jinjuensis | |||||
| Memento | M. futuri | A member of Caloblattinidae | ||||
| Sclerotermes[18] | S. samsiki | Jinju | A termite known only from an isolated wing, uncertain placement | |||
| Umenocoleus[19] | U. minimus | A member of Umenocoleidae | ||||
| Pseudoblattapterix[19] | P. weoni | |||||
| Petropterix[19] |
|
|||||
| Blattapterix | B. reticulata | |||||
| Alienopterus | A. imposter | A member of Alienopteridae | ||||
| Recyklovany | R. koltoc | |||||
| Caputoraptor | C. ganggu | |||||
| Indeterminate | 5 indeterminate taxa | |||||
Hemiptera
| Hemipterans of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Corixidae[20] | indeterminate | Sacheon | Not fully described | |||
| Jinjucixius | J. fui[21] | Jinju | A member of Cixiidae | |||
| Jinjupopovina | J. eosahwae[22] | Jinju | A member of Yuripopovinidae | |||
Hymenoptera
| Hymenopterans of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Korehelorus | K. jinjuensis[23] | Jinju | A parasitic wasp belonging to the family Heloridae | |||
| Hanguksyntexis | H. haeretica[24] | Jinju | A sawfly belonging to the family Anaxyelidae | |||
| Cretosphecium | C. jinjuensis[25] | Jinju | A wasp belonging to the family Angarosphecidae | |||
| Ghilarella | G. jinjuensis[26] | Jinju | Sepulcidae wasp | |||
| Meiaghilarella | M. stanislawlemi[26] | Jinju | ||||
Raphidioptera
| Snakeflies of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Mesoraphidia[27] |
|
A member of Mesoraphidiidae | ||||
Neuroptera
| Lacewings of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Tachinymphes | T. koraiensis[28] | A member of the family Mesochrysopidae. | ||||
| Araripeneura | A. asiatica[29] | A member of Araripeneuridae | ||||
| Araripenymphes | A. koreicus[29] | A member of Cratosmylidae | ||||
Coleoptera
| Beetles of the Jinju Formation[30] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Coptoclava[31] | C. spinosa[32] | Jinju and Gunwi | Nymph remains abundant; Adult remains relatively rare | A member of the extinct family Coptoclavidae. |  | |
| Megalithomerus[33] | M. magolhalmii | A member of Elateridae | ||||
| Koreagrypnus[33] | K. jinju | |||||
| Cryptocoelus[34] | C. minimus | |||||
| Cretosaja[35] | C. jinjuensis | A member of Silphidae | ||||
| Notocupes[36] | N. premeris | A member of Archostemata | ||||
| Asiana[37] | A. pax | |||||
| Brochocoleus[37] | B. sacheonensis | A member of Ommatidae | ||||
| B. cf. punctatus | ||||||
| Omma[37] | O. sp. | |||||
| Zygadenia[37] | Z. cornigera | |||||
| Laetopsia[38] | L. leei | A member of Hydrophiloidea | ||||
| L. cf. hydraneoides | ||||||
| L. sp. | ||||||
| Cretotaenia[38] | C. pallida | |||||
| Psacodromeus[39] | P. recta | A member of Trachypachidae | ||||
| Necronectulus[39] | N. lazarus | |||||
Diptera
| Flies of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Buccinatormyia[40] | B. gangnami | A member of the family Zhangsolvidae. Named after Gangnam Style, the famous K-Pop hit song | ||||
Crustaceans
Isopoda
| Isopods of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Archaeoniscus[20] | A. coreaensis | Sacheon and Jinju | A freshwater occurrence of the genus Archaeoniscus |  | ||
Ostracoda
| Ostracods of the Jinju Formation[41][42] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Scabriculocypris | S. yanbianensis | Jeongcheon | ||||
| Cypridea |
|
C. jinjuria in Gwanghyeon | ||||
| Mongolocypris | M. kohi[44] | |||||
| Lycopterocypris | L. cf. celsa | Jeongcheon | ||||
| Candona | C. sp. | |||||
| Djungarica | D. sp. | Jeongcheon | ||||
| Rhinocypris | R. sp. | Previously assigned to as Ilyocypris sp. | ||||
Spinicaudata
| Clam shrimps of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Yanjiestheria[45] |
|
|||||
Vertebrates
Source:[46]
Actinopterygii
| Fishes of the Jinju Formation[47] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Wakinoichthys[48] | W. aokii | Multiple complete skeletons | An osteoglossiform |  | ||
| Jinjuichthys[49] | J. cheongi | Jinju | Articulated skeletons | A possible ichthyodectiform, though this classification remains controversial[50] |  | |
| Albuliformes | indeterminate | |||||
| Sinamia | S. sp. | Articulated incomplete tail | An amiiform | |||
| Lepidotes | L. sp. | Articulated skeleton, missing the anterior part of the head | Largest fish found in this formation, reaching 40 cm (1.3 ft) in total length. | |||
| Elopiformes | indeterminate | A small fish, reaching 3 cm (1.2 in) in total length. |  | |||
Archosauria
| Reptiles of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region[51] | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Crocodyliformes indet.[52] | Goryeong | a right mandible | ||||
| Titanosauriformes indet.[53][54] | Sacheon and Goryeong | teeth | A tooth from Sacheon was initially suggested to be of Asian Brachiosaurid by Lim, Martin and Baek (2001), but Barrett et al. (2002) and Choi & Lee (2017) consider it to be indeterminate titanosauriform. Meanwhile, another tooth from Goryeong was suggested to be of Diplodocoidea by Yun et al. (2007), but Choi and Lee (2017) also considered it indeterminate titanosauriform. | |||
| Pterodactyloidea indet.[53][55] | Goryeong | teeth | While the KPE 40001 suggested to be of Boreopterid origin by Choi & Lee (2017), Yun (2021) and Yun (2024) consider them to be Anhanguerian instead based on the morphological disparity from Boreopteridae and the results of two-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses.[56][57] | |||
Mollusks
Bivalvia
| Bivalves of the Jinju Formation[58] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Plicatounio | P. naktongensis | |||||
| Nagdongia | N. soni | The genus Nagdongia is considered to be synonymous with Nakamuranaia by some. | ||||
| Trigonioides | T. jaehoi | |||||
| Sphaerium | S. coreanicum[59] | |||||
Gastropoda
| Gastropods of the Jinju Formation[4] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Brotiopsis | B. kobayashi | Dominant gastropod of the formation | ||||
| Thiara | T. sp. | |||||
| Viviparus[60] | V. sp. | |||||
Ichnofossils
Unnamed ichnofossils from the Jinju Formation include Ornithopod[61] tracks and Caddisfly bioherms.[6]
| Ichnofossils of the Jinju Formation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ichnogenus | Ichnospecies | Region | Member | Material | Notes | Image |
| Gyeongsangsauropus[62] | G. isp. | Jinju | Sauropod tracks | |||
| Grallator[63] | G. isp. | Jinju | Theropod track; similar to the ichnospecies G. yangi | |||
| Corpulentapus[63] | C. isp. | Jinju | Theropod track | |||
| Asianopodus[63] | A. isp. | Jinju | Theropod track | |||
| Minisauripus | M. isp.[5] | Jinju | One of the smallest known theropod tracks. Currently the oldest record of this ichnogenus from South Korea. |  | ||
| Dromaeosauriformipes[64] | D. rarus | Jinju | The smallest known non-avian dinosaur didactyl tracks possibly made by a small microraptorine, with indication of important flight behaviors such as flap-running, take-off, and landing.[65] |  | ||
| Dromaeosauripus[61] | D. jinjuensis | Sacheon | Didactyl tracks made by a 40 cm (1.3 ft) tall dromaeosaur. | |||
| Ignotornis | I. seoungjoseoi[66] | Sacheon | Bird Track | |||
| Jindongornipes | J. isp.[66] | Sacheon | Bird Track | |||
| Koreasaltipes[67] | K. jinjuensis | Jinju[51] | Traces left by a hopping mammal | |||
| Neosauroides | N. innovatus[68] | Jinju | The largest reported lizard trackway in South Korea. |  | ||
| cf. Chelichnus[69] | Sacheon[51] | Turtle trackway; first identified as Chelonipus isp.[70] | ||||
| Ranipes[69] | indeterminate | Jinju | Oldest known frog trackway. Made by a species that hopped in short distances. | |||
| Crocodylopodus[71] | C. isp. | Sacheon and Jinju | First report of this ichnogenus from Asia. | |||
| Batrachopus | B. grandis[72] | Sacheon | Archosaur track made by either a bipedal crocodylomorph or therizinosaur;[73] the pterosaur trackway ichnospecies Haenamichnus gainensis from the Haman Formation is now assigned to this species as B. cf. grandis.[72] Paleontologist James I. Kirkland expresses doubts on the ichnogenus assignment.[74] | |||
| Pteraichnus | P. gracilis in Jinju, "P. seopoensis" in Sacheon | Pterosaur trackways. P. seopoensis is currently a naked name, since it was only described in a master's thesis. | ||||
| Jinjuichnus[77] | J. procerus | Jinju | Pterosaur trackway associated with a small vertebrate trackway, showing possible stalking behavior. | |||
| Lockeia | L. gigantus[60] | Resting trace, made by bivalves | ||||
| Diplichnites | D. isp.[4] | Arthropod tracks | ||||
| Coclichnus | C. isp.[4] | Trace by Annelids | ||||
| Radialimbricatus[78] | R. bitoensis | Potential tracemakers include arthropods, cnidarians or annelids | ||||
| Protovirgularia[79] | P. dichotoma | First nonmarine occurrence of this ichnotaxon; possibly made by larvae of dragonfly[80] | ||||
| Fictovichnus[81] | indeterminate | Probable insect cocoon or pupation chamber; the earliest record of an insect pupation structure probably associated with a burrow | ||||
| Chondrites | C. isp.[82] | |||||
| Palaeophycus | P. tubularis[82] | |||||
| Helminthopsis | H. hieroglyphica[82] | |||||
| Skolithos | S. magnus[82] | |||||
| Taenidium | T. barretti[82] | |||||
| Torrowangea | T. rosei[82] | |||||
See also
References
- ↑ Tateiwa, Iwao (1929). "Geologic Atlas of Korea, No. 10, Gyeongju, Yeongcheon, Daegu, Waegwan Sheets". Geological Survey of Chosen (Korea).
- ↑ Jinju Formation in the Paleobiology Database
- ↑ Chae, Yong-Un; Lim, Jong Deock; Kim, Cheong-Bin; Kim, Kyung Soo; Ha, Sujin; Lim, Hyoun Soo (2020). "Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the uppermost Jinju Formation in the Natural Monument No. 534 'Tracksite of Pterosaurs, Birds, and Dinosaurs in Hotandong, Jinju', Korea" (PDF). Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society. 41 (4): 367−380. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2020.41.4.367. S2CID 225332234.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Paik, In Sung; Kim, Hyun Joo; Kim, Seongyeong; Lee, Jeong Eun; So, Yoon Hwan; Lee, Hoil (2019-10-31). "Fossil-bearing deposits in the Jinju Formation at Jinju: Occurrences, paleoenvironments and stratigraphic implications" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 55 (5): 513–530. doi:10.14770/jgsk.2019.55.5.513. ISSN 0435-4036. S2CID 210608913.
- 1 2 Kim, Kyung Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Xing, Lida (2019). "Exquisitely-preserved, high-definition skin traces in diminutive theropod tracks from the Cretaceous of Korea". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 2039. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.2039K. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38633-4. PMC 6375998. PMID 30765802.
- 1 2 Paik, I.S. (2005). "The oldest record of microbial-caddisfly bioherms from the Early Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Korea: occurrence and palaeoenvironmental implications" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 218 (3−4): 301−315. Bibcode:2005PPP...218..301P. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.12.020.
- 1 2 3 Lee, Jaemin; Kim, Kyung Soo; Looy, Cindy V. (20 March 2026). "An Early Cretaceous temperate intermontane savanna from South Korea, and its biogeographic implications". Cretaceous Research 106387. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2026.106387.
- ↑ Lee, Jaemin (2025). "Deep time evolution of tubers in Equisetum and the broader sphenophytes". International Journal of Plant Sciences. doi:10.1086/735612.
- 1 2 Kim, Jong-Heon; Nam, Kye-Soo; Lee, Seong-Bok; Jeon, Yeong-Seok (2016). "Fossil Plants from the Early Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Chilgok Area, Korea" (PDF). Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society. 37 (5): 295−308. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2016.37.5.295.
- ↑ Kim, Jong-Heon (2009). "New occurrence of Cupressinocladus sp. from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Shindong Group, Korea" (PDF). Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society. 30 (5): 605−610. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2009.30.5.605. S2CID 67813442.
- ↑ Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Nam, Kye-Soo; Selden, Paul A. (2019-08-03). "A diverse new spider (Araneae) fauna from the Jinju Formation, Cretaceous (Albian) of Korea". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (15): 1271–1297. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1271P. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1525441. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 92137182.
- ↑ Ueda, Kyoichiro; Kim, Taewan; Aoki, Tateyu (2005). "A new record of Early Cretaceous fossil dragonfly from Korea". Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A (Natural History). 3: 145–152. doi:10.34522/kmnh.3.0_145.
- ↑ Nam, Kye-Soo; Kim, Jong-Heon (2016). "Reconstruction and Paleoecological implications of Dragonfly Hemeroscopus baissicus Pritykina 1977 (Hemeroscopidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation in the Jinju area, Korea". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 52 (2): 102–112. doi:10.14770/jgsk.2016.52.2.105.
- ↑ Nel, André; Nam, Gi-Soo; Jouault, Corentin (2025-01-06). "A new Early Cretaceous 'megapodagrionid' genus (Zygoptera: Coenagriomorpha) from the Jinju Formation of the Republic of Korea". Palaeoworld 200908. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200908. ISSN 1871-174X.
- ↑ Engel, Michael A.; Lim, Jong-Deock; Baek, Kwang-Seok; Martin, Larry D. (2002). "An Earwig from the Lower Cretaceous of Korea (Dermaptera: Forficulina)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 75 (2): 86–90. JSTOR 25086049.
- ↑ Kim, Do-Yoon; Lee, Mirinae; Nam, Gi-Soo; Park, Tae-Yoon S. (2021). "The first orthopteran fossils from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Jinju Formation of Korea: Ethological implications for elcanids". Cretaceous Research. 125 104843. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12504843K. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104843.
- ↑ Vršanský, Peter; Lee, Soo Bin; Sohn, Jae-Cheon; Vršanská, Lucia; Jang, Jun-Hyeok; Nam, Gi Soo (May 15, 2025). "Jinju cockroaches" (PDF). Amba projekty. 15 (1): 1–151.
- ↑ Jouault, Corentin; Nam, Gi-Soo (2022-07-07). "A new primitive termite from the lower cretaceous (Albian) Jinju Formation of Korea". Historical Biology. 35 (9): 1522–1527. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2098490. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 250373231.
- 1 2 3 Lee, Soo Bin; Nam, Gi Soo; Nel, André; Park, Jong Kyun (February 2025). "A new Albian genus and species and two other new species of Umenocoleidae (Dictyoptera) from South Korea". Cretaceous Research. 166 106013. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.106013.
- 1 2 Park, Tae-Yoon; Wilson, George D. F.; Lee, Dong-Chan; Choi, Duck K. (2012). "Occurrence of the Isopod Archaeoniscus coreaensis New Species from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Korea". Journal of Paleontology. 86 (4): 626–640. Bibcode:2012JPal...86..626P. doi:10.1666/11-131R.1. JSTOR 23253719. S2CID 131617665.
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- ↑ Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Jong Deock; Lockley, Martin G.; Xing, Lida; Choi, Yeongi (2017). "Korean trackway of a hopping, mammaliform trackmaker is first from the Cretaceous of Asia". Cretaceous Research. 74: 188–191. Bibcode:2017CrRes..74..188K. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.02.005.
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- ↑ Lockley, Martin G.; Lim, Jong Deock; Park, Hong Deock; Romilio, Anthony; Yoo, Jae Sang; Choi, Ji Won; Kim, Kyung Soo; Choi, Yeongi; Kang, Seung-Hyeop; Kim, Dong Hee; Kim, Tae Hyeong (2020-07-01). "First reports of Crocodylopodus from East Asia: implications for the paleoecology of the Lower Cretaceous". Cretaceous Research. 111 104441. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11104441L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104441. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 216164973.
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- ↑ Sennikov, Andrey Gerasimovich (December 2021). "The Plantigrade Segnosaurians: Sloth Dinosaurs or Bear Dinosaurs?". Paleontological Journal. 55 (10): 1158–1185. Bibcode:2021PalJ...55.1158S. doi:10.1134/S0031030121100087.
- ↑ Kirkland, James I. [@Paleojim] (Jun 24, 2022). "I am shocked at the degree of lumping needed to assign this ichnotaxon to Batrachopus... Over splitting is certainly a problem with tracks, but this goes a bit too far in the other direction. Otherwise a very interesting and important paper. Bipedal crocs" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ↑ Ha, Sujin; Kim, Kyung Soo; Lim, Hyoun Soo; Lockley, Martin G.; Yoo, Jae Sang; Lim, Jong Deock (2022-03-01). "Diminutive pterosaur tracks and trackways (Pteraichnus gracilis ichnosp. nov.) from the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, Gyeongsang Basin, Korea". Cretaceous Research. 131 105080. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13105080H. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105080. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 240322960.
- ↑ Ha, Sujin; Chae, Yong-Un; Lim, Jong Deock; Kim, Cheong-Bin; Lim, Hyoun Soo; Kim, Kyung Soo (2018-10-30). "Cretaceous Pterosaur Tracks in Daegok-ri, Ulju-gun, Ulsan: Spatio-temporal Distribution of Pterosaur in the Korean Peninsula". Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society. 39 (5): 458–472. doi:10.5467/JKESS.2018.39.5.458. ISSN 1225-6692. S2CID 133982306.
- ↑ Jung, Jongyun; Kim, Kyung Soo; Xing, Lida; Choi, Byung-Do (16 April 2026). "New large pterosaur tracks from Korea and their implications on terrestrial behavior". Scientific Reports. 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-026-48019-y.
- ↑ Lee, Dong-Chan (2017). "Radialimbricatus, a new ichnogenus from the lacustrine sandstone facies of the Lower Cretaceous Jinju Formation, South Korea". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 41 (3): 350–364. Bibcode:2017Alch...41..350L. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1283053. S2CID 132462007.
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- ↑ Metz, R. (2003). "Nonmarine Cretaceous Protovirgularia: Possible Dragonfly Larva Tracemaker". Ichnos. 9 (1–2): 75–76. Bibcode:2003Ichno...9...75M. doi:10.1080/10420940190034094. S2CID 128815122.
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