Kade II Afunu
Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kade II (Kade bin Idrīs[2]), called Kade Afunu[2][c] and Kade Auja,[4] was briefly mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the late 14th century, ruling approximately 1389–1390.[a] Kade ruled during the "Era of Instability", a chaotic period of internal and external conflict in the empire.
c. 1389–1390[a]
"Ghadhurú"
| Kade II Afunu | |
|---|---|
| Mai of the Kanem–Bornu Empire | |
| Reign | 14th century (1 year) c. 1389–1390[a] |
| Predecessor | Muhammad II Manza |
| Successor | Biri III Uthman |
| Died | c. 1390 "Ghadhurú" |
| Dynasty | Sayfawa dynasty (Idrisid[b]) |
| Father | Idris I Nikalemi |
Life
Kade was a son of mai Idris I Nikalemi.[4] The name Afunu may mean that Kade's mother was of Hausa (A'fno) origin.[3] Kade became mai in the late 14th century,[2] succeeding his brother Muhammad II Manza.[4]
The late 14th century was a time of acute political instability in Bornu, marked by internal conflict between members of the imperial family[4] as well as external conflict, mainly with the Bilala in the east.[3] Kanem, the empire's original heartland, had been lost to the Bilala a few years before Kade's reign, when the empire was ruled by Kade's brother Umar I Idrismi.[7] Kade resumed the offensive against the Bilala but was defeated and killed in battle at a site recorded as Ghadhurú (or variations thereof, such as Guluru or Gaduru),[3][8] after only a year on the throne.[a] Kade was succeeded as mai by his brother Biri III Uthman.[3][4]
Notes
- King lists (girgams) and chronicles translated in the 19th–20th centuries (Barth, Palmer, Urvoy, Nachtigal, Landeroin) all agree that Kade ruled for a single year.[4] Due to differing dates and calculations for other mais, various dates have been given for his reign, including 1399–1400 (Barth), 1391–1392 (Palmer), 1388–1389 (Urvoy), 1398–1399 (Landeroin), and 1427–1428 (Nachtigal).[4] Lange (1984) dated his reign to 1388–1389,[5] Stewart (1989) dated it to 1399–1400,[6] and Bosworth (2012) dated it to 1389–1390.[2]
- The 14th and 15th centuries saw protracted civil wars between the rival Idrisid (descendants of Idris I Nikalemi) and Dawudid (descendants of Dawud Nikalemi) branches of the Sayfawa dynasty.[1]