Lagenorhynchus
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| Lagenorhynchus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Lagenorhynchus albirostris | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Infraorder: | Cetacea |
| Family: | Delphinidae |
| Genus: | Lagenorhynchus Gray, 1846 |
| Type species | |
| Delphinus albirostris [2] Gray, 1846 | |
| Species | |
Lagenorhynchus is a genus of oceanic dolphins in the infraorder Cetacea, that formerly contained six extant species.[3] However, there was consistent molecular evidence that the genus is polyphyletic[4] and several of the species moved to other genera, leaving only the white-beaked dolphin in this genus among extant species.[5] In addition, the extinct species Lagenorhynchus harmatuki is also classified in this genus.[6]
The name Lagenorhynchus derives from the Greek lagenos meaning "bottle" and rhynchus meaning "beak". Indeed, the "bottle-nose" is a characteristic of this genus. However, the dolphins popularly called bottlenose dolphins belong in the genus Tursiops.
Taxonomy
For a long time there was compelling phylogenetic molecular evidence that the genus Lagenorhynchus is polyphyletic, in that it contained several species that are not closely related.[7] LeDuc, Perrin & Dizon 1999 found that white-beaked and Atlantic white-sided dolphins are phylogenetically isolated within the Delphinidae, where they are believed to be rather basal members of the family, along with the orca (subfamily Orcininae).[8] This was confirmed in 2025 by Galatius, et al.[9]
As a result, in 2025 most of the species previously placed in Lagenorhynchus were moved to other genera, leaving it as a monotypic genus containing only the white-beaked dolphin.[5] Other species previously included in Lagenorhynchus were moved to:[5]
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin Leucopleurus acutus
- Pacific white-sided dolphin Aethalodelphis obliquidens
- Dusky dolphin Aethalodelphis obscurus
- Peale's dolphin Cephalorhynchus australis
- Hourglass dolphin Cephalorhynchus cruciger
This phylogeny is supported by acoustic and morphological data; both the hourglass and Peale's dolphins share, with the other species of Cephalorhynchus, a distinctive type of echolocation signal known as a narrow-band/high-frequency signal.[10][11] This signal is also used by porpoises (Phocoenidae) and the pygmy sperm whales (Kogiidae), but is not found among other dolphins. According to Schevill & Watkins 1971, Peale's dolphin, and the other Cephalorhynchus species, are the only dolphins that do not "whistle"; presumably, this would be the case for hourglass dolphins, as well. Peale's dolphin also shares with several Cephalorhynchus species the possession of a distinct white marking behind the pectoral (“armpit”) fin.[citation needed]
The melon-headed whale was first classified as member of the genus Lagenorhynchus, but was later moved to its own genus, Peponocephala.[12]
Notes
- ↑ "Fossilworks: Lagenorhynchus".
- ↑ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ↑ "List of marine mammal species". Society for Marine Mammalogy. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
- ↑ LeDuc, Perrin & Dizon 1999
- 1 2 3 "List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies". Marine Mammal Science Taxonomy Committee. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 2025-07-17.
- ↑ "Fossilworks: Lagenorhynchus harmatuki". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ↑ Vollmer, Nicole L.; Ashe, Erin; Brownell, Robert L.; Cipriano, Frank; Mead, James G.; Reeves, Randall R.; Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Williams, Rob (2019). "Taxonomic revision of the dolphin genus Lagenorhynchus". Marine Mammal Science. 35 (3): 957–1057. Bibcode:2019MMamS..35..957V. doi:10.1111/mms.12573. ISSN 1748-7692. S2CID 92421374.
- ↑ McGowen, Michael R; Tsagkogeorga, Georgia; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; dos Reis, Mario; Struebig, Monika; Deaville, Robert; Jepson, Paul D; Jarman, Simon; Polanowski, Andrea; Morin, Phillip A; Rossiter, Stephen J (2019-10-21). "Phylogenomic Resolution of the Cetacean Tree of Life Using Target Sequence Capture". Systematic Biology. 69 (3): 479–501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068. ISSN 1063-5157. PMC 7164366. PMID 31633766.
- ↑ Galatius, Anders; Kinze, Carl; Olsen, Morten; Tougaard, Jakob; Gotzek, Dietrich; McGowen, Michael (April 2025). "Phylogenomic, morphological and acoustic data support a revised taxonomy of the lissodelphinine dolphin subfamily". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 205. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108299.
- ↑ Tougaard & Kyhn 2010
- ↑ Kyhn et al. 2010
- ↑ Nishiwaki, M. and K.S. Norris (1966). "A new genus, Peponocephala, for the odontocete cetacean species (Electra electra)". The Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute. 20: 95–100.
References
- Kyhn, LA; Jensen, FH; Beedholm, FH; Tougaard, J (June 2010). "Echolocation in sympatric Peale's dolphins (Lagenorhynchus australis) and Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) producing narrow-band high-frequency clicks". Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (11): 1940–9. Bibcode:2010JExpB.213.1940K. doi:10.1242/jeb.042440. ISSN 0022-0949. OCLC 618825118. PMID 20472781.
- LeDuc, R.G.; Perrin, W.F.; Dizon, A.E. (July 1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences". Marine Mammal Science. 15 (3): 619–648. Bibcode:1999MMamS..15..619L. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00833.x. ISSN 0824-0469.
- May-Collado, Laura; Agnarsson, Ingi (2006). "Cytochrome b and Bayesian inference of whale phylogeny" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 38 (2): 344–54. Bibcode:2006MolPE..38..344M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.019. ISSN 1055-7903. OCLC 441745572. PMID 16325433.
- Schevill, W.E.; Watkins, W.A. (January 15, 1971). "Pulsed sounds of the porpoise Lagenorhynchus australis". Breviora. 366: 1–10. ISSN 0006-9698. OCLC 80876226.
- Tougaard, J; Kyhn, LA (2010). "Echolocation sounds of hourglass dolphins (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) are similar to the narrow band high-frequency echolocation sounds of the dolphin genus Cephalorhynchus". Marine Mammal Science. 26 (1): 239–45. Bibcode:2010MMamS..26..239T. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00307.x. ISSN 0824-0469. OCLC 497138903.
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