List of dinosaur specimens with preserved soft tissue

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There have been some discoveries of unusually well-preserved fossil dinosaur specimens which bear remnants of tissues and bodily structures. Organic tissue was previously thought to decay too quickly to enter the fossil record, unlike more mineralised bones and teeth, however, research now suggests the potential for the long-term preservation of original soft tissues over geological time,[1] leading to the formulation of various hypotheses regarding the underlying mechanisms involved.[2]

Ornithischians

Basal ornithischians

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Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
INREC K3/109 Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Cryology Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus Bathonian Ukureyskaya Formation Russia A basal ornithischian that preserves protofeathers.
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Ornithopods

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Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
AMNH 5240 American Museum of Natural History Corythosaurus casuarius Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada
Trachodon mummy AMNH 5060 American Museum of Natural History Edmontosaurus annectens Maastrichtian Lance Formation United States
The "Trachodon mummy"
Duck Bill SMF R 4036 Naturmuseum Senckenberg Edmontosaurus annectens Maastrichtian
Dakota MRF-03 Marmarth Research Foundation Edmontosaurus annectens Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation United States On display at North Dakota Heritage Center & State Museum
Impression of "Dakota"'s skin
Edmontosaurus regalis
Gasparinisaura cincosaltensis
Gryposaurus notabilis
MOR 548[3][4] Museum of the Rockies Hypacrosaurus stebingeri
Lambeosaurus lambei
Lambeosaurus magnicristatus
Maiasaura peeblesorum
Big Paul LACM 17715 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Magnapaulia laticaudus Campanian El Gallo Formation Mexico
Impression of Big Paul's
skin displayed at LACM
Parasaurolophus walkeri
AMNH 5220, AMNH 5221, and AMNH 5271 American Museum of Natural History Saurolophus osborni Maastrichtian Horseshoe Canyon Formation Canada
Various Dinosaurium, among others Saurolophus angustirostris Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation Mongolia, and China Many specimens are known from the locale called the Dragon's Tomb, which often perseveres soft tissues. This makes it a target for fossil poachers
Leonardo [5] The Children's Museum of Indianapolis (on ten-year loan from Great Plains Dinosaur Museum and Field Station, 2013-2023)[6] Brachylophosaurus canadensis Campanian Judith River Formation United States Well-preserved mummified specimen
Leonardo the Brachylophosaurus
Wilo Thescelosaurus neglectus Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation South Dakota, United States A controversial specimen supposedly with a fossilized four-chambered heart. This is probably a concretion
Thescelosaurus sp. Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation, Tanis Site Currently unpublished hind limb with extensive skin preservation present with scales
NHMUK R2501[7] Natural History Museum, London Iguanodontia indent. Valanginian Wealden Group England Endocast with preserved fossilized brain tissue. Possibly belongs to Barilium dawsoni or Hypselospinus fittoni
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Ceratopsians

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Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
Monoclonius cutleri AMNH FARB 5427[8][9] American Museum of Natural History Centrosaurus apertus
Cenotrosaurus apertus skin impressions
TMP 1986.018.0097 Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Centrosaurus sp.
UALVP 52613, and CMN 2245 Canadian Museum of Nature Chasmosaurus belli
SMF R 4970[10][11][12][13][14][8] Naturmuseum Senckenberg Psittacosaurus sp. Aptian Yixian Formation China This specimen displays pigment preservation, bristles as well as a pigmented cloaca.
Psittacosaurus sp. mummy
YFM-R001[15][8] Yanshi Fossil Museum Psittacosaurus sp. Aptian Yixian Formation China
GMC LL2001-01[8] Psittacosauridae indent. Aptian Yixian Formation China
Psittacosaurid skin impressions
AMNH 6418 American Museum of Natural History Protoceratops andrewsi Campanian Djodochta Formation, Bayn Dzak Locality Mongolia
UMNH VP 1600[16][8] Utah Museum of Natural History Nasutoceratops titusi Campanian Kaiparowits Formation Utah, United States
Lane HMNS PV.1506, formerly BHI-6273[17] Houston Museum of Natural Science Triceratops horridus Maastrichtian Lance Formation Wyoming, United States Preserves extensive skin impressions, including large "nipple" scales on the sacrum and dorsum.
Triceratops horridus skin impressions
CMNFV 56508[18] Canadian Museum of Nature Triceratops prorsus Maastrichtian Frenchman Formation Canada Preserved skull with impressions of skin on the frill.
Triceratops sp. Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation, Tanis Site North Dakota, United States Currently unpublished nearly-complete specimen with skin impressions, possibly killed in the K-Pg extinction event.
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Thyreophorans

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Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
Suncor Nodosaur TMP 2011.033. 0001[19][20] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Borealopelta markmitchelli Albian Clearwater Formation Canada a nodosaurid which displays pigment preservation, indicating a reddish-brown upper coloration and lighter underside, as well as keratinous sheaths and stomach contents.
Borealopelta markmitchelli holotype specimen on display
ML 1347[21] Lourinhã Museum Deltapodus brodricki Kimmeridgian Lourinhã Formation Portugal Stegosaurian trackways containing skin impressions.
ZDM 0019[22] Zigong Dinosaur Museum Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis Oxfordian Shaximiao Formation China A stegosaurian with skin impressions present on the left shoulder on the hindlimb
Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis skin impression
Victoria SMA 0018[23] Aathal Dinosaur Museum Hesperosaurus mjosi Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation, Howe Quarry Wyoming, United States A stegosaurid with skin impressions and remnants of sheaths over the plates
Hesperosaurus mjosi skin impression
QM F1801[24][25] Queensland Museum Kunbarrasaurus ieversi Albian Allaru Mudstone Formation Australia A basal parankylosaurian with skin impressions and gut contents containing fruits and seeds
Kunbarrasaurus ieversi holotype specimen
IVPP V12560[26][27] Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology & Paleoanthropology Liaoningosaurus paradoxus Aptian Yixian Formation China A juvenile ankylosaurid with a large plate on the animal's underside interpreted as a plastron-like bony structure, but is more likely preserved skin.
HPM-1206[28][29][30] Dalian Xinghai Paleontological Museum Liaoningosaurus paradoxus Aptian Yixian Formation China Another presumably juvenile specimen found in association with Lycoptera davidi fish fossils, which represent gut contents or were rather deposited below the fossil.
NHMUK PV R5161[31] Natural History Museum, London Scolosaurus cutleri Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Canada An ankylosaurid with extensive skin preservation.
Scolosaurus cutleri holotype specimen
ZPAL MgD I/113[32] Polish Academy of Sciences Tarchia kielanae Maastrichtian Barun Goyot Formation Mongolia An ankylosaurid with preserved keratinous scales on the skull.
Zuul (originally Sherman) ROM-75860[33][34][35] Royal Ontario Museum Zuul crurivastator Campanian Judith River Formation Montana, United States An ankylosaurid with preserved skin impressions and keratin.
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Theropods

Basal theropods

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Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
AMNH FR 7224[36] American Museum of Natural History Coelophysis bauri Norian Ghost Ranch Locality New Mexico, United States Stomach contents with the bones of what was once believed to belong to a juvenile Coelophysis individual, showing evidence of cannibalism. However, more recent reviews suggest these to be the bones of the small crocodylomorph Hesperosuchus agilis
Coelophysis bauri with crocodylomorph remains in their stomach cavity
AMNH FR 7223[36] American Museum of Natural History Coelophysis bauri Norian Ghost Ranch Locality New Mexico, United States Another possible example of cannibalism with a supposed juvenile leg bone in an adult Coelophysis stomach. However, further examination reveals that the juvenile was actually deposited below another individual and was not in the stomach cavity at all
SGDS 15-T1[37] St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site Eubrontes giganteus Hettangian Moenave Formation Utah, United States Foot tracks from a medium sized Dilophosaurus-like theropod with skin impressions
Hitchcock Specimen AC 1/7[38][39][40][41] Amherst Collage Museum of Natural History Fulicopus lyellii Sinemurian Portland Formation Massachusetts, United States An impression of a sitting Dilophosaurus-like theropod that potentially shows impressions of feathers, or may also be a buildup of water in the mud
Ichnofossil specimen AC 1/7
SGDS 642[42] St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site Grallator isp. Norian-Rhaetian Fleming Fjord Formation Greenland Medium sized coelophysoid theropod trackways featuring scale impressions
SGDS 1165[43] St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site Grallator isp. Hettangian Moenave Formation Utah, United States Short ridges likely representing folds of skin found in at least one trackway
[44] Grallator variabilis Hettangian Grand-Causses Formation France Trackways bearing sales impressions
[45][46] Magnoavipes isp. Cenomanian Dakota Formation Colorado, United States Trackways bearing small scale impressions from an averostran of some sort
CUE JJ_M01-3[47] Jinju Pterosaur Footprint Museum Minisauripus chuanzhuensis Albian Haman Formation South Korea Tiny, probably juvenile, theropod track marks with skin impressions
[48] Averostra indent. Turonian Kaskapau Formation Canada Small scale impressions found in trackways
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Avialans

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Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
Beijing Specimen BMNHC PH828[49] Beijing Museum of Natural History Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China An anchiornithid; smaller specimen with preserved feathers covering the legs and arm with fossilized melanosomes indicating a dark grey and black coloration. May not belong to Anchiornis[50]
Anchiornis huxleyi Beijing specimen
BMNHC PH804[51] Beijing Museum of Natural History Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Nearly complete and articulated specimen with preserved feathers on the tail, forelimb, and hindlimb
IVPP V14378[52] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Holotype specimen with faint preservation of feathers on the back
LPM-B00169[53][54] Liaoning Paleontological Museum Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Nearly complete and articulated specimen with extensive feather preservationon the wings, legs and feet. Along with long head feathers with preserved pigments which indicate a red color
Anchiornis huxleyi Liaoning Specimen
YTGP-T5199[50] Yizhou Fossil & Geology Park Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Nearly complete specimen with preserved feathers on the legs, tail, and some around the body. There are also preserved melanosomes indicating the presence of eumelanin, implying a dark coloration
Referred Anchiornis huxleyi YTGP-T5199 and accompanying diagram
PKUP V1068[51] Peking University Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Nearly complete specimen with some feather impressions around the tail
STM-0-38, 224, 227, 228[55] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Preserved plumage and gastric pellets
STM-0-214[56][57] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Nearly complete specimen with preserved scant feathers around the wing and legs
STM-0-179[55] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Exceptionally preserved specimen with fossilized plumage and gastric pallet in the oesophageal region containing lizard bones
Anchiornis huxleyi specimen STM-0-179
STM-0-4, 7, 114, 118, 125, 127, 132, 133, 144, 147[53][58][59] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Anchiornis huxleyi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China Multiple specimens with preserved feathers on the arms, legs, and around the body. As well as skin impressions showing scales on the feet, ankles, fingers and claws
Anchiornis huxleyi skeletal diagram by Scott Hartman showing multiple feather impressions from multiple specimens
YFGP T5198[60] Yizhou Fossil & Geology Park Aurornis xui Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China An anchiornithid bird with traces of preserved feathers on the tail, chest, and neck. Possibly synonymous with Anchiornis huxleyi[51]
Urfeder BSP 1869 VIII and 1MB.Av.100 (counterslab)[61][62][63][64] (See Specimens of Archaeopteryx) Natural History Museum, Berlin Archaeopteryx lithographica Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany A single isolated fossil feather with preserved melanosomes indicating a probable black coloration for at least the wings. Has in the past been considered to belong to another avialan, but recent studies reaffirm Archaeopteryx affinties[63][65]
Archaeopteryx lithographica feather imprint, formerly assigned as the holotype
London Specimen NHMUK 37001[66][67][68](see Specimens of Archaeopteryx) Natural History Museum, London Archaeopteryx lithographica Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Body missing the head with preserved feathers on the tail and wings
Archaeopteryx lithographica London Specimen
Maxberg Specimen S5[66][69] (see Specimens of Archaeopteryx) Maxberg Museum Archaeopteryx lithographica Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany A now lost specimen with light feather impressions on the wings and legs
Archaeopteryx lithographica Maxberg Specimen
Munich Specimen BSP 1999 I 50[66] (see Specimens of Archaeopteryx) Munich Paleontological Museum Archaeopteryx lithographica Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Nearly complete specimen with preserved feathers on the tail and wings
"Archaeopteryx bavarica" Munich Specimen
Bürgermeister-Müller Specimen (Chicken Wing) Counterslab[66] Bürgermeister-Müller Museum (on an unlimited loan) cf. Archaeopteryx lithographica Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Slight feather impressions on the counterslab around the second finger
Archaeopteryx lithographica Chicken Wing
Altmühl Specimen [70][66] Naturmuseum Senckenberg Archaeopteryx lithographica Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Nearly complete specimen with preserved feathers on the body and legs
Archaeopteryx lithographica Altmühl Specimen
Chicago Specimen PA 830[71] (see Specimens of Archaeopteryx) Field Museum Archaeopteryx lithographica Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Nearly complete specimen with preserved feathers on the wings and tail
Archaeopteryx lithographica Chicago Specimen
Berlin Specimen MB.Av.101[66][72][73] (see Specimens of Archaeopteryx) Natural History Museum, Berlin Archaeopteryx siemensii Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Exceptionally preserved specimen with detailed feather preservation around the wings, tail, legs, and body
Archaeopteryx siemensii famous Berlin Specimen
Thermopolis Specimen WDC CSG 100[74] (see Specimens of Archaeopteryx) Wyoming Dinosaur Center Archaeopteryx siemensii Tithonian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Well preserved specimen with faintly preserved feathers on the right wing and tail
Archaeopteryx siemensii Thermopolis Specimen
IVPP V14287[75] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Archaeorhynchus spathula Aptian Yixian Formation China A nearly complete articulated subadult euornithine bird with preserved plumage around the body and three dozen gastroliths in the stomach
IVPP V17075/91[76] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Archaeorhynchus spathula Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Two specimens with preserved plumage around the body and gastroliths within the stomach
Archaeorhynchus spathula specimen IVPP V17091
STM7-11[77] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Archaeorhynchus spathula Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Exceptionally preserved specimen with preserved feathers, approximately 100 gastroliths within the stomach region, and impressions of probable lung tissue
LNTU-WLMP-18[78] Western Liaoning Museum of Paleontology Archaeorhynchus spathula Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A juvenile specimen with preserved feathers on the wings and gastric contents containing propagules, fruits, seeds, and ovules, although no gastroliths
Archaeorhynchus spathula specimen LNTU-WLMP-18
STM7-145/163[79] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Archaeornithura meemannae Aptian Huajiying Formation China A hongshanornithid bird with extensively preserved feathers on the wings and body
Archaeornithura meemannae holotype specimen and counterslab
IVPP V25371[80] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Avimaia schweitzerae Aptian Xiagou Formation China Lower body of an enantiornithine with some small patches of feathers preserved near the tail
Avimaia schweitzerae holotype with an unlaid egg
IVPP V17970[81] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Bellulornis rectusunguis Aptian Jiufotang Formation China An ornithuromorph bird with faintly preserved feathers on the right wing and tail, as well as gastroliths within the stomach
LPM B00167[82] Liaoning Paleontological Museum Bohaiornis guoi Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A bohaiornithid enantiornithine with preserved two ribbon-like tail feathers
IVPP V 17963[83][84] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Bohaiornis guoi Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Large stones, interpreted as gastroliths in the stomach cavity. But are more likely rocks deposited on top of the specimen and are not in the stomach at all
IVPP V26197[85] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Brevidentavis zhangi Aptian Xiagou Formation China An ornithuromorph bird with a possible gastric pellet preserved alongside the vertebrae
IVPP V13266[86] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Brevirostruavis macrohyoideus Aptian Jiufotang Formation China An enantiornithine bird with faintly preserved feathers around the wings, body, and tail
PMoL-B00175[87] Paleontological Museum of Liaoning Caihong juji Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China A probable anchiornithid paravian with preserved plumage around the body that possesses pigments that might indicate black and iridescent "rainbow" colors, similar to that of a common grackle
Caihong juji holotype and counterslab specimens
AMNH 30560/78[88][89][90] American Museum of Natural History Calciavis grandei Ypresian Green River Formation Wyoming, United States A lithornithid bird with two specimens each with preserved wing feathers, skin impressions of pes scales, and plumage around the body which preserves pigments indicating a glossy, iridescent black, like that of a crow
IMG 5191 Beijing Museum of Natural History Cathayornis aberransis Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Preserved plumage, wing feathers, and bifurcated tail
FMNH PA730[91] Field Museum of Natural History Celericolius acriala Ypresian Green River Formation Wyoming, United States An Eocene mousebird with preserved tail feathers
GMV-2129[92] Geological Museum of China Changchengornis hengdaoziensis Aptian Yixian Formation China A confuciusornithid bird with extensively preserved feathers around the body, wings, and a bifurcated tail
Changchengornis hengdaoziensis holotype and counterslab specimens
AGB5840[93] Anhui Paleontological Museum Changzuiornis ahgmi Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A gansuid ornithuromorph with feather impressions on the tail and wings, with preserved melanosomes indicating a black coloration, and gastroliths within the stomach
Changzuiornis ahgmi holotype specimen
STM29-11[94] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A pengornithid enantiornithine with preserved wing and tail feathers
STM9-9[95] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Chongmingia zhengi Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A jinguofortisid basal bird with preserved plumage around the body and gastroliths in the stomach
Chongmingia zhengi holotype specimen
MCCM-LH-1184[96] Science Museum of Castilla-La Mancha Concornis lacustris Barremian La Huérguina Formation Spain An enantiornithine bird with slight feather impressions on the wings and tail
Concornis lacustris holotype cast
IVPP V11553[97][98] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Confuciusornis dui Aptian Yixian Formation China A now lost female specimen with preserved plumage around the body and keratin on the beak
DNHM D2454[99] Dalian Natural Museum Confuciusornis feducciai Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A well preserved specimen with preserved plumage and bifurcated tail feathers. Probably a synonym of C. sanctus[100]
IVPP V13168, V13156[101] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Nearly complete specimens with preserved plumage, wing feathers, and bifurcated tail feathers. Furthermore, skin impressions on the feet
Confuciusornis sanctus specimen IVPP V13156
IVPP V10920-10925[102] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology cf. Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Specimen with scant and slight feather impressions
IVPP V13313[103] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A well preserved specimen with slight feather impressions and scales of Jinanichthys sp. in the throat
IVPP V13171[104][105] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Nearly complete specimen with preserved skin impressions and feathers with preserved melanosomes, indicating colors of grey, black, brown, and red, similar to a modern zebra finch
IVPP V12352[106] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Nearly complete specimen with preserved keratin on the tip of the beak
IVPP V110304[107] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimen with preserved wing feathers
GMV-2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, 2141, 2142, 2146, 2147, 2154[108] Geological Museum of China Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved plumage around the bodies
BMNHC PH766[109] Beijing Museum of Natural History Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimen with plumage and skin impressions of scales on the feet
BMNHC PH925, 931, 986, and 987[110] Beijing Museum of Natural History Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved plumage around the bodies and bifurcated tail feathers
DNHM D2859[111] Dalian Natural Museum Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimen with fossilized plumage around the body
DNHM D1874[112] Dalian Natural Museum Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China A probable female specimen with preserved plumage
DNHM D2508/2151[113][114] Dalian Natural Museum Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimens with indents of plumage and bifurcated tail feathers
LPM 0228/9[115] Liaoning Paleontological Museum Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimens with indents of plumage and bifurcated tail feathers
LPM 0233[116] Liaoning Paleontological Museum Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimen with fossilized plumage around the body
MCFO 0589[113] CosmoCaixa Barcelona Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimen with fossilized plumage around the body
NIGPAS-139379[117] Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Two specimens with preserved plumage around the bodies, one with bifurcated tail feathers and the other without, probably representing a male and female
HGM 41HIII0400/1[118] Henan Geological Museum Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimen with plumage around the body and bifurcated tail feathers
MGSF315[119] Confuciusornis sanctus Aptian Yixian Formation China A well preserved specimen with wing feathers with preserved pigments possibly indicating a lighter white coloration for the wings
CUGB P1401[120] China University of Geosciences Confuciusornis sp. Aptian Yixian Formation China Preserved feathers with fossilized melanosomes indicating a darker black coloration
Confuciusornis specimen GUGB P1401
STM13-133/162[98] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Confuciusornis sp. Aptian Yixian Formation China Well preserved specimens with feather impressions and a keratinous rhampotheca
UFrJ-Dg 031[121][122] Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cratoavis cearensis Aptian Crato Formation Brazil A small enantiornithine bird with preserved body feathers and bifurcated tail feathers. Furthermore, two specimens of Dastilbe sp. near the digestive track
IVPP V31106[123] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Cratonavis zhui Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A jinguofortisd basal bird with preserved plumage around the body
IVPP 21711[124][125][126] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Cruralispennia multidonta Hauterivian Huajiying Formation China A small enantiornithine bird with preserve plumage present with fossilized melanosomes, indicating a dark brown or black iridescent coloration
Cruralispennia multidonta holotype specimen
LPM 00039[127] Liaoning Paleontological Museum Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Nearly complete specimen of an enantiornithine with preserved plumage and long bifurcated tail feathers
USNM 10908[128][129] National Museum of Natural History Diatryma? filifera Ypresian Green River Formation Wyoming, United States Fossilized impressions of what were believed to be feathers belonging to the flightless galloanserae Diatryma, but were in fact Sedge material belonging to the unique species Cyperacites filiferus
Cyperacites filiferus holotype specimen
IVPP V20284[130] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Dingavis longimaxilla Aptian Yixian Formation China An ornithuromorph bird with preserved gastroliths within the stomach
Museum of Natural Sciences, Brussels Dynamopterus tuberculata Lutetian Messel Formation Germany A fossil cuckoo bird with preserved tail feathers and gastroliths in the stomach
HPG-15-2[131] Hupoge Amber Museum Elektorornis chenguangi Cenomanian Hukawng Valley Myanmar Hindlimb of a small enantiornithine bird found in Burmese amber with preserved plumage and skin
LH13500[132][133] Science Museum of Castilla-La Mancha Eoalulavis hoyasi Barremian La Huérguina Formation Spain An enantiornithine bird with faintly preserved wing feathers
IVPP V11977[134][102] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Eoconfuciusornis zhengi Hauterivian Dabeigou Formation China An early confuciusornithid bird with preserved plumage around the body and bifurcated tail feathers
STM7-144[135][136][137] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Eoconfuciusornis zhengi Hauterivian Dabeigou Formation China Preserved skin impressions of scales on the feet, possibly remnants of an ovarian follicle meaning the individual was female, and extensive plumage preservation with fossilized melanosomes indicating a black iridescent coloration
SMF-ME 1450[138] Senckenberg Research Institute Eocoracias brachyptera Lutetian Messel Formation Germany A stem roller bird with preserved plumage with fossilized melanosomes indicating a non-iridencent blue and black coloration
Eocoracias brachyptera specimen SMF-ME 1450A
WDC-CGR-109[139] Wyoming Dinosaur Center Eocypselus rowei Ypresian Green River Formation Wyoming, United States An early apodiform with preserved feathers with fossilized melanosomes indicating a black possibly iridescent coloration
Eoenantiornis buhleri Aptian Yixian Formation China
Eofringillirostrum boudreauxi
Eoglaucidium sp. Lutetian Messel Formation Germany
Eogranivora edentulata
Eopengornis martini
Eosinopteryx brevipenna
Enantiophoenix electrophyla
Feitianius paradisi
Fortipesavis prehendens
Fortunguavis xiaotaizicus
Gansus zheni
Gastornis sp.
Gretcheniao sinensis
Hassiavis laticauda
DNHM D2946 Hongshanornis longicresta
Holbotia ponomarenkoi
Houornis caudatus
Ilerdopteryx viai
Imparavis attenboroughi
MUSM 1444 Inkayacu paracasensis Divisaderan-Tinguirirican Otuma Formation Peru A fossil penguin; pigments are preserved on this specimen.
Iteravis huchzermeyri
Jeholornis prima
Jianchangornis microdonta
Jianianhualong tengi
IVPP V24194 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Jinguofortis perplexus Barremian Dabeigou Formation China A pygostylian bird with feather preservation.

Image: 200 pixels

Juehuaornis zhangi
Junornis houi
Kaririavis mater
Longicrusavis houi
BMNHC PH826 Longipteryx chaoyangensis
Liaoxiornis delicatus
Linyiornis amoena
Longirostravis hani
Longusunguis kurochkini
Masillatrogon pumilio
Mengciusornis dentatus
Messelornis nearctica
Messelornis sp.
Messelirrisor halcyrostris
Morsoravis sedilis
Musivavis amabilis
FMHH PA 778 Field Museum of Natural History Nahmavis grandei Eocene Green River Formation United States A bird from the Eocene lagerstätte of the Green River in Wyoming Image: 200 pixels
Neobohaiornis lamadongensis
Noguerornis gonzalezi
Ningyuansaurus wangi
Oligocolius psittacocephalon
Ostromia crassipes
Orienantius ritteri
MLP 14-I-10-22[140] Palaeeudyptes gunnari
Paleoglaux artophoron
Parahesperornis alexi
Parapengornis eurycaudatus
Paraprefica kelleri
Paraprotopteryx gracilis
Parargornis messelensis
Parvavis chuxiongensis
Pellornis mikkelseni
Pedopenna daohugouensis
Piscivorenantiornis insusitatus
Piscivoravis lii
Pumiliornis tessellatus
Praeornis sharovi
Primobucco mcgrewi
Cf. Primotrogon sp.
Primozygodactylus eunjooae
IVPP V11665 Protopteryx fengningensis
Salmila robusta
HGM 41HIII0405 Sapeornis chaoyangensis
DNHM D3078 Sapeornis chaoyangensis
Scaniacypselus szarskii
Schizooura lii
Septencoracias morsensis
Siky Serikornis sungei
Shanweiniao cooperorum
Shenqiornis mengi
Shuilingornis angelai
Similiyanornis brevipectus
Tianyuornis cheni
Tynskya eocaena
Wellnhoferia grandis
Xiaotingia zhengi
Xingtianosaurus ganqi
STM 9-531 Yanornis martini
Yixianornis grabaui
Yuanchuavis kompsosoura
Yuanjiawaornis viriosus
Zhongornis haoae
CUGB P1202 Bohaiornithidae indent.
HPG-15-1[141] Enantiornithe indent. A complete juvenile specimen stuck in Burmese amber
GSGM-07-CM-001 Enantiornithe indent.
YLSNHM00813[142] Yingliang Stone Natural History Museum Enantiornithe indent. Both wings and hndlimbs with wing feathers of an anantiornithine bird preserved in Burmese amber
CUGB G20120001 Enantiornithe indent.
CUGB P1201 Enantiornithe indent.
BMNHC PH1154/56[143] Enantiornithe indent.
Neoaves indent. Fur Formation
CUGB G20100053 Ornithurine indent.
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Non-avialan maniraptoriformes

More information Nickname, Catalogue number(s) ...
Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
IVPP V24192[144] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Ambopteryx longibrachium Oxfordian Haifanggou Formation China A scansoriopterygid with preserved bat-like skin membrane and feathers
IVPP V11559[145][146] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Beipiaosaurus inexpectus Aptian Yixian Formation China a small basal therizinosauroid; a disarticulated specimen of a subadult with preserved plumage around the tail. As well as what has been interpreted as blood cells but are more likely diagenic structures composed of kaolinite clay
Beipiaosaurus inexpectus feather impressions
STM 31-1[147][148] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Beipiaosaurus inexpectus Aptian Yixian Formation China Specimen composed of a head, neck, and upper half of the torso with preserved protofeathers around the neck. As well as phosphatized skin flakes revealing corneocytes
BMNHC PH000911[149] Beijing Museum of Natural History Beipiaosaurus inexpectus Aptian Yixian Formation China Upper body with preserved protofeathers around the neck with fossilized melanosomes, indicating a dark brown coloration
IVPP V12344[150][151] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Caudipteryx dongi Aptian Yixian Formation China A caudipterid oviraptorosaur; a nearly complete specimen missing a head with preserved wing feathers and possible skin impressions
NGMC 97-4-A/9-A[152] Geological Museum of China Caudipteryx zoui Aptian Yixian Formation China Holotype and paratype specimen with preserved feathers on the tails and arms, as well as gastroliths within the stomach
Caudipteryx zoui holotype specimen
BPM 0001[153][151] Beipiao Paleontological Museum Caudipteryx zoui Aptian Yixian Formation China Nearly complete specimen with preserved plumage and wing feathers
IVPP V12430[153][154] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Caudipteryx cf. zoui Aptian Yixian Formation China Nearly complete specimen with preserved plumage around the body and wing fethers
Caudipteryx sp. specimen IVPP V 12430
STM4-3[155] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Caudipteryx sp. Aptian Yixian Formation China Nearly complete specimen missing the head with preserved feathers on the arms and around the tail. Molecule remnants are also present. As well as gastroliths within the stomach
Caudipteryx dongi holotype specimen
HC B016[156] Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Changyuraptor yangi Aptian Yixian Formation China A microraptorine dromaeosaurid; a nearly complete specimen with preserved feathers and plumage around the body, arms, legs, and tail
UALVP 59400[157] University of Alberta Chirostenotes pergracilis Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada A caenagnathid oviraptorosaur with possible feather impressions on the second digit
Big Mama MPC-D 100/979[158] Mongolian Paleontological Center Citipati osmolskae Campanian Nemegt Formation Mongolia An oviraptorid with faint traces of an α-keratin sheath over the manual unguals
IMMNH PV00731[159] Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History Daurlong wangi Aptian Longjiang Formation China Nearly complete basal Dromaeosaurid with preserved plumage on the back and neck, intestinal tracks similar to Scipionyx, and a frog specimen, probably representing Mesophryne near the feet
Daurlong wangi holotype specimen
MPC-D100/127[160] Mongolian Paleontological Center Deinocheirus mirificus Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation Mongolia A large ornithomimosaur with over 1,400 gastroliths and fish remains, including bones and scales
MPC-D 100/85[161] Mongolian Paleontological Center Duonychus tsogtbaatari Cenomanian Bayan Shireh Formation Mongolia A therizinosaurid with a trace of a keratinous sheath on the manual ungual
IVPP V15471[162] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Epidexipteryx hui Callovian Haifanggou Formation China A scansoriopterygid with preserved plumage and four long ribbon-like tail feathers
Epidexipteryx hui holotype specimen
STM4-1 and 22-6[163][164][165] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Incisivosaurus sp. Aptian Yixian Formation China A basal oviraptorosaur; two juvenile specimens formerally assigned to Similicaudipteryx yixianensis with preserved feathers on the tail, hands, and arms. Furthermore, one specimen possibly shows signs of moulting
41HIII-0308[166] Henan Geological Museum Jianchangosaurus yixianensis Aptian Yixian Formation China A basal therizinosaurian; a nearly complete juvenile specimen with slight feather impressions around the body
Feather impressions Jianchangosaurus yixianensis
CAGS-IG-04-0801[167][168] Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Jinfengopteryx elegans Aptian Huajiying Formation China A troodontid with extensive feather preservation present with a feathered tail fan
Jinfengopteryx elegans holotype specimen
[169][43] Magnoavipes isp. Cenomanian Naturita Formation Colorado, United States Possibly ornithomimosaurian ichnogenus; scale scratch marks from the heel region
IVPP V13352[170][171] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Microraptor gui Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Nearly complete specimen with faint feather impressions on the arms, legs, and tip of the tail
Microraptor gui holotype specimen
IVPP V17972[172][105] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Microraptor gui Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Nearly complete specimen with faintly preserved plumage around the body and stomach contents containing the bones of an enantiornithine bird
IVPP V13320, 51, 477 and TNP00996[170] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and Tianjin Museum of Natural History Microraptor gui Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Well preserved specimens with feather impressions
BMNHC PH881[125][173] Beijing Museum of Natural History Microraptor gui Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Nearly complete specimen with feather impressions with preserved melanosomes, indicating a black iridescent coloration, similar to that of a crow
BMNHC Ph763 Beijing Museum of Natural History Microraptor gui Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Currently unpublished specimen with preserved feather impressions
Microraptor gui specimen BMNHC Ph763
QM V1002[174] Beijing Museum of Natural History Microraptor gui Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Well preserved specimen with feather impressions around the body and tail and stomach contents containing the remains of fish vertebra
LVH 0026[175] Department of Land and Resources of Liaoning Province Microraptor hanqingi Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Well preserved specimen with faint feather impressions on the leg
IVPP V12330[176] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Microraptor zhaoianus Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Well preserved specimen with faint feather impressions
STM5-32[177] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Microraptor zhaoianus Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Nearly complete specimen with stomach contents containing the remains of the lizard Indrasaurus wangi
STM5-109[58][178] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Microraptor sp. Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Exceptionally complete specimen with wing feathers, propatagium skin, and scale impressions on the pes and soft feet pads
Foot of Microraptor specimen STM 5-109
STM5-93/172[178][179] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Microraptor sp. Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Exceptionally preserved specimens with wing feathers, propatagium skin
STM5-4, 5, 9, 75, 142, 150, 221, 6-62, 86[180][178][179] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Microraptor sp. Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Multiple specimens with well preserved wing feather impressions on the arms and legs
TMP 2009.110.1, 2008.70.1, and 1995.110.1[181][70] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Ornithomimus edmontonicus Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada Three specimens, one a juvenile, with slight feather impressions on the body and arms
UALVP 52531[182] University of Alberta Laboratory for Vertebrate Paleontology Ornithomimus sp. Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada Smoot scaleless skin and feather impressions on the leg
LHC 7777[183][184][185][43] Science Museum of Castilla-La Mancha Pelecanimimus polyodon Barremian La Huérguina Formation Spain A basal ornithomimosaur; smooth scaleless skin on the head, scale impression on the arm, possible occipital crest, and possible lizard-like dewlap or gular pouch similar to modern pelicans, although now prepared over and mostly lost
NGMC 2125[186] National Geological Museum of China Protarchaeopteryx robusta Aptian Yixian Formation China Basal oviraptorosaur with faint feathers forming a fan on the tail
UALVP 55700 University of Alberta Laboratory for Vertebrate Paleontology Saurornitholestes langstoni Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada Nearly complete dromaeosaurid specimen currently still under preparation with traces of a possible keratinous sheath over the sickle claw
CAGS-02-IG-gausa-1[187][188] Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Scansoriopteryx heilmanni (Epidendrosaurus ninchengensis) Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China A juvenile scansoriopterygid with preserved feather impressions on the arms and tail and skin impressions of scales on the feet
IGM 100/977[189][190] Mongolian Institute of Geology Shuvuuia deserti Campanian Djadochta Formation Mongolia An alvarezsaurid with faint traces of feathers containing possible β-keratin, although they may be misidentified calcium phosphate
IVPP V12811[191][104] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Sinornithosaurus millenii Aptian Yixian Formation China A microraptorine dromaeosaurid with preserved plumage containing fossilized melanosomes indicating a black and rufous coloration
Sinornithosaurus millenii holotype specimen
Dave NGMC 91[192][193] Geological Museum of China Sinornithosaurus millenii Aptian Yixian Formation China Exceptionally preserved subadult specimen with plumage around the body
Sinornithosaurus millenii specimen NGMC 91 "Dave"
MPC-D100/54[194] Mongolian Paleontological Center Velociraptor mongoliensis Campanian Djadochta Formation Mongolia Stomach contents containing azhdarchid pterosaur remains
DNHM D2933[195][196] Dalian Natural Museum Wulong bohaiensis Aptian Jiufotang Formation China A microraptorine dromaeosaurid with faintly preserved feather impressions around the body, legs, arms, and tail containing fossilized melanosomes indicating a glossy iridescence
Wulong bohaiensis holotype specimen
STM31-2[197] Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Yi qi Oxfordian Tiaojishan Formation China A scansoriopterygid with preserved plumage around the body and skin membrane on the arms forming bat-like wings
Yi qi holotype specimen
IVPP V12638[198][199] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Yixianosaurus longimanus Aptian Yixian Formation China A problematic species of paravian with preserved feathers impressions around the arms
JPM-0008[200] Jinzhou Paleontological Museum Zhenyuanlong suni Aptian Yixian Formation China A possible microraptorine dromaeosaurid with preserved feathers on the tail, body, and arms
Zhenyuanlong suni holotype specimen
DIP-V-15103[201] Dexu Institute of Paleontology Coelurosauria indent. Cenomanian Hukawng Valley Myanmar A tail of a juvenile specimen stuck in amber with preserved protofeathers and possibly proteins
IVPP V13476[202] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Microraptoria indent. Aptian Jiufotang Formation China Preserved feathers on the tibiotarsus and the tarsometatarsus
NMV P160550[203] Melbourne Museum Paraves indent. Aptian Koonwarra Fossil Bed Australia Preserved protofeathers
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"Compsognathids"

More information Nickname, Catalogue number(s) ...
Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
Compsognathus. corallestris MNHN CNJ79[204] National Museum of Natural History, France Compsognathus longipes Kimmeridgian Canjuers Lagerstätte France Bumpy structures on the tail interpreted as scales but are more likely to be aberrant bone outgrowths[43]
IVPP V 14202[205][206] Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology & Paleoanthropology Huadanosaurus sinensis Aptian Yixian Formation China Potential juvenile specimen with preserved protofeathers with preserved melanosomes indicating a chestnut or light brown coloration in life
Holotype specimen Huadanosaurus sinensis
CAGS-IG-02-301[207][208] Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Huaxiagnathus orientalis Aptian Yixian Formation China Gut contents with partially digested unidentified vertebrate bones
Holotype specimen of Huaxiagnathus orientalis
Borsti JME Sch 200[209][210][211] Eichstätt Jura Museum Juravenator starki Kimmeridgian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Exceptionally preserved juvenile specimen with scaly skin impressions and feathery filaments on the underside of the tail and leg. Possibly a juvenile megalosaurid[212][210]
Holotype specimen of Juravenator starki
SMNK 2349 PAL[213] State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe Mirischia asymmetrica Albian Romualdo Formation Brazil Piece of petrified intestine interpreted as a post-cranial air sac similar to modern birds preserved in between and pubis and ischia
IVPP V12415[205] Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology & Paleoanthropology Sinosauropteryx lingyuanensis Aptian Yixian Formation China Preserved feathery plumage surrounding the tail
Holotype of Sinosauropteryx lingyuanensis with preserved plumage
GMV 2123 and NIGP 127586 (Counter slab)[214][215][216] Geological Museum of China and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Sinosauropteryx prima Aptian Yixian Formation China Exceptionally preserved specimen with fossilized protofeathers running along the back. The feathers even preserve melanosomes, indicating a reddish-brown upper side, lighter white underside, and striped tail
Holotype specimen of Sinosauropteryx prima
NIGP 127587[217][216] Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Sinosauropteryx prima Aptian Yixian Formation China A larger specimen with preserved protofeathers running a long the back present with melanosomes. As well as stomach contents containing a specimen of the small shinisaurian lizard Dalinghosaurus sp.
Sinosauropteryx prima holotype specimen (left) compared to the referred specimen NIGP 127587 (right)
NGMC/GMV 2124[218] Geological Museum of China Cf. Sinosauropteryx sp. Aptian Yixian Formation China Preserved protofeathers and gut contents containing the jaw bones of two individuals of the symmetrodont Zhangheotherium quinquecuspidens and one of the multituberculate Sinobaatar lingyuanensis. Possibly a tyrannosauroid[205]
Specimen GMV 2124 formerly assigned to Sinosauropteryx prima
JMP-V-05-8-01[219][208] Jiangxi Provincial Museum Sinocalliopteryx gigas Aptian Yixian Formation China Preserves extensive protofeathers on the body and tail. As well as gut contents of an undigested small dromaeosaurid Sinornithosaurus millenii hindlimb with feathers and gastroliths
Holotype specimen of Sinocalliopteryx gigas
CAGS-IG-T1[208] Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Sinocalliopteryx gigas Aptian Yixian Formation China Gut contents containing two individuals of the confuciusornithid bird Confuciusornis sanctus and an unidentified ornithischian dinosaur
Abdominal contents of Sinocalliopteryx gigas specimen CAGS-IG-T1
SMNK PAL 29241 Formally held in the State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe in Germany but has since been repossessed by the Plácido Cidade Nuvens Paleontology Museum in Brazil[220] "Ubirajara jubatus" Aptian Crato Formation Brazil Preserved filaments on its shoulders. The name "Ubirajara" is a nomen nudum since the paper describing it was withdrawn following controversy around the specimen's legality[221]
Little Doggie/Ambrogio/Ciro SBA-SA 163760[222][223] Superintendence for the Archaeological Heritage of Salerno Scipionyx samniticus Albian Pietraroja Plattenkalk Italy A near-complete juvenile specimen that preserved exceptional phosphatized internal organs, including intestines, tracheal rings, traces of blood tissues, gut contents including lizard remains, a rectum containing fish scales, and even the impression of where the heart would be. Possibly a juvenile carcharodontosaurid[224]
Holotype specimen of Scipionyx samnticus
BMMS-BK-11[225][210][43] Bürgermeister-Müller-Museum Sciurumimus albersdoerferi Kimmeridgian Solnhofen Limestone Germany Exceptionally preserved juvenile specimen with fossilized protofeather plumage around the tail and body, as well as skin impressions on the underside of the torso and tail. Possibly a juvenile megalosauroid[212]
Holotype specimen of Sciurumimus albersdoeferi
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Tyrannosauroids

More information Nickname, Catalogue number(s) ...
Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
TMP 1994.186.0001[226][227] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Albertosaurus sarcophagus Maastrichtian Horseshoe Canyon Formation Alberta, Canada Skin impressions on the underside of the troso
TMP 99.186.01[227] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Albertosaurus sarcophagus Maastrichtian Horseshoe Canyon Formation Alberta, Canada Skin impressions on the lower torso region
RTMP 94.186.1[228] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Albertosaurus sarcophagus Maastrichtian Horseshoe Canyon Formation Alberta, Canada Skin impressions
TMP 2003.45.88[227] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Cf. Albertosaurus sarcophagus Maastrichtian Alberta, Canada Disarticulated possible skin impressions from the lower torso region. Possibly Lambeosaurus-like hadrosaurid[43]
MOR 590[229][230] Museum of the Rockies Daspletosaurus horneri Campanian Two Medicine Formation Montana, United States Ostelogical correlates for cornified pads and large crocodylian-like scales across the entire face. However, the distribution of foramina in the bone seems to indicate that the extra oral tissue doesn't actually resemble Crocodiles much at all[231][232]
Daspletosaurus horneri holotype skull
TMP 2001.036.0001[226][43] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Daspletosaurus torosus Campanian Oldman Formation Alberta, Canada Skin impressions from an unidentified region of the body
OTM 200[233] Old Trail Museum Daspletosaurus sp. Campanian Two Medicine Formation Montana, United States Stomach contents containing juvenile hadrosaurids
IVPP V14243[234] Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology & Paleoanthropology Dilong paradoxus Aptian Yixian Formation China A basal tyrannosauroid with preserved protofeather impressions near the tail and jaw
CMN 11593[43][226] Canadian Museum of Nature Gorgosaurus libratus Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada Possible small skin impression on the underside of the mid-section of the tail
NMC 2120[235] Canadian Museum of History Gorgosaurus libratus Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada Skin impressions supposedly showing smooth scaleless "naked" skin like that seen some modern flightless birds. Phil Bell and colleagues report that the impressions were covered in plaster and losin the 1980s[226]
TMP 2009.12.14[236] Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Gorgosaurus libratus Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation Alberta, Canada Stomach contents of a juvenile specimen containing the hind limbs of two individuals of the caenagnathid theropod Citipes elegans
Bloody Mary BHI 6437[237][238][239] (See Specimens of Tyrannosaurus) North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Nanotyrannus lancensis Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation Montana, United States Skin impressions on the metatarsal. This specimen may be a juvenile Tyrannosaurus but more likely belongs to a unique taxon Nanotyrannus lancensis[237]
Skin impression of Nanotyrannus lancensis from the Dueling Dinosaurs specimen
MN 4802-V[43][240][241] National Museum of Brazil Santanaraptor placidus Albian Romualdo Formation Brazil A now potentially destroyed specimen of a basal tyrannosauroid with skin impressions on the hindlimb, present with large scutellate scales similar to some modern birds
MPD 107/6A[242][243][244] Central Museum of Dinosaurs of Mongolia Tarbosaurus bataar Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation Mongolia Skin impressions on the thoracic region. Probably belongs to a hadrosaurid, possibly Saurolophus angustirostris[43]
MPD 100F/12[242] Central Museum of Dinosaurs of Mongolia Tarbosaurus bataar Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation Mongolia Skin impressions on the heel and pad of the foot
Tarbosaurus mummy [245][246][247] Tarbosaurus bataar Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation Mongolia A now lost, probably destroyed, specimen with extensive skin preservation on the upper side of the tail and hips
[248][249][242][250] Tarbosaurus bataar Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation Mongolia A now lost articulated skull with accompanying skin impressions complete with a "wattle or bag of skin under the jaws" similar to some modern lizards. Possibly the same specimen as the Tarbosaurus mummy[251]
Wyrex HMNS 2006.1743.01[226][252] Houston Museum of Natural Science Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation Montana, United States Skin impressions on the underside of the tail, torso, and neck
B-rex MOR 1125[253][254] (See Specimens of Tyrannosaurus) Museum of the Rockies Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation Montana, United States Supposedly preserved red blood cells and proteins within the femur. However this conclusion is controversial and others have supposed it to be permineralized biofilm[255][256]
AMNH 5027[230][257] (See Specimens of Tyrannosaurus) American Museum of Natural History Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation Montana, United States Possible osteological correlates on the skull indicating cornified pads on the snout and lacrimal rugose ridges
Skull cast of Tyrannosaurus rex specimen AMNH 5027
CM 9380[258] (See Specimens of Tyrannosaurus) Carnegie Museum of Natural History Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation Montana, United States Holotype specimen with osteological correlates on the snout indicating scales
[259][260] Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian Lance Formation Wyoming, United States An unpublished alleged 'mummy' from Paul Sereno which is supposedly scaleless
Dietrich Specimen Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian United States Currently unpublished possible skin impressions on the neck. Probably not actual skin impressions, possibly a negative impression from a trionychid turtle
[261] cf. Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian United States Unpublished skin impressions from an unknown part of the body. Possibly hadrosaurid?
ZCDM V5000[262] Zhucheng Dinosaur Museum and Erlianhaote Dinosaur Museum Yutyrannus huali Aptian Yixian Formation China A basal proceratosaurid tyrannosauroid with preserved plumage surrounding the body
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Carnosaurs

More information Nickname, Catalogue Number(s) ...
Nickname Catalogue Number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
Big Al II SMA 0005[43][263] Aathal Dinosaur Museum Allosaurus jimmadseni Kimmerdigian Morrison Formation, Howe Quarry Wyoming, United States Skin impressions on the proximal part of the tail. May belong to a diplodocid sauropod
WDC DMQ-A 053[43] Wyoming Dinosaur Center Allosaurus jimmadseni Kimmerdigian Morrison Formation Wyoming, United States A juvenile specimen with skin impressions on the pectoral region of the ribs
[264][265] The Children's Museum of Indianapolis Allosaurus sp. Kimmerdigian Morrison Formation, Jurassic Mile Locality Wyoming, United States Currently unpublished extensive skin impressions
MNHUK-R-9951[266] Natural History Museum, London Baryonyx walkeri Berremian Wealden Group England Stomach contents revealing the scales of Scheenstia mantelli and a juvenile iguanodontid
MCCM-LH 6666[267][268] Science Museum of Castilla-La Mancha Concavenator corcovatus Barremian La Huérguina Formation Spain Skin impressions on the underside of the tail, plantar pads on the underside of the feet, and scutate scales on the legs like those seen in some modern birds
Holotype specimen of Concavenator corcovatus
ML 565-155[43][269] Lourinhã Museum Lourinhanosaurus antunesi Kimmeridgian Lourinhã Formation Portugal An embryonic skeleton with skin impressions present in the shoulder region
MIWG 6348[270] Museum of Isle of Wight Geology Neovenater salerii Barremian Wealden Group England Osteological correlates on the snout for a complex sensory system
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Ceratosaurs

More information Nickname, Catalogue number(s) ...
Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
MCF-PVPF-236[271][272] Carmen Funes Municipal Museum Aucasaurus garridoi Campanian Anacleto Formation Argentina Osteological correlates for attachment points of tail muscles present on the pelvis
MACN-CH 894[273][274] Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Carnotaurus sastrei Maastrichtian La Colonia Formation Argentina Skin impressions on the underside of the tail, fragments on the left side of the body and skull
Carnotaurus sastrei skin impressions
UMNH VP 5278[43] Utah Museum of Natural History Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation, Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry Utah, United States Osteoderms from the tail. C. dentisulcatus may be synonymous with C. nascornis
FMNH PR 2100[275] Field Museum of Natural History Majungasaurus crenatissimus Maastrichtian Maevarano Formation Madagascar Virtually complete skull with ostegical correlates for extra oral tissue
Majungasaurus crenatissimus FMNH PR 2100 skull cast
MMCH-PV 48[276][277] Ernesto Bachmann Municipal Museum Skorpiovenator bustingorryi Cenomanian Huincul Formation Argentina Possible osteological correlates for muscle attachment points on the pelvis, legs, and on the correlates for scales on the snout and a neurovascular system on the skull
MMCh‐PV 69[277] Ernesto Bachmann Municipal Museum Abelisauridae indent. Cenomanian Candeleros Formation Argentina Osteological correlates for muscle attachment points on the pubis
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Sauropodomorphs

Diplodocids

More information Nickname, Catalogue number(s) ...
Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
MWC 5537[278] Museum of Western Colorado cf. Apatosaurus sp. Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation, Mygatt-Moore Quarry Colorado, United States Skin impressions
(Figure c) Single scale of cf. Apatosaurus sp. (MWC 5537).
DNM 2873[279] Dinosaur National Monument Barosaurus lentus Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation, Carnegie Quarry Utah, United States Currently unpublished skin impressions
ML 414[280][281] Lourinhã Museum Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis Tithonian Lourinhã Formation Portugal Nearly a hundred stones interpreted as gastroliths in the stomach but are more likely pebbles deposited on top of the specimen
Seismosaurus NMMNH 3690[282][281] New Mexico Museum of Natural History Diplodocus hallorum Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation New Mexico, United States 250 stones interpreted as gastroliths in the stomach but are more likely pebbles deposited on top of the specimen
MDS-2019-028,[283] and CMC VP 10659 Cincinnati Museum Center Diplodocus sp. Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation, Mother's Day Quarry Montana, United States Fossilized skin on a young, possibly juvenile individual present on the underbelly, around a limb, and possibly on the neck and head
Skin impressions from a juvenile Diplodocus sp.
[284][285][286] cf. Kaatedocus siberi Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation, Howe Quarry Wyoming, United States Skin impressions present with dermal spines at the end of the tail
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Macronarians

More information Nickname, Catalogue number(s) ...
Nickname Catalogue number(s) Institution(s) Taxon Age Unit Country(s) Notes Images
USNM 15560[287] National Museum of Natural History Alamosaurus sanjuanensis Maastrichtian North Horn Formation Utah, United States A saltasaurid titanosaur with dermal osteoderms
MDE-C3-192[288] Dinosaur Museum of Espéraza Ampelosaurus atacis Maastrichtian Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation France Titanosaur dermal osteoderms
Ampelosaurus atacis osteoderm
SMA 0002[289] Aathal Dinosaur Museum Camarasaurus sp. Kimmeridgian Morrison Formation, Howe Quarry Wyoming, United States A camarasaurid with skin impressions on both hind limbs and left fore limb
DMNH 39045[290][281] Denver Museum of Natural History Cedarosaurus weiskopfae Valanginian Cedar Mountain Formation, Yellow Cat Member Utah, United States A brachiosaurid with 115 stones of varying sizes interpreted as gastroliths preserved in the stomach cavity, but are more likely stones were deposited on top of the specimen
Judy AODF 0888[291] Australian Age of Dinosaurs Diamantinasaurus matildae Cenomanian Winton Formation Australia A diamantinasaur with stomach contents of conifers, seed ferns, leaves, and angiosperms
MPM-PV 1156[292][293] Padre Molina Museum Dreadnoughtus schrani Maastrichtian Cerro Fortaleza Formation Argentina A titanosaur specimen with preserved fossilized collegian and internal proteins as well as possible osteological correlates for soft tissue on the neural spine
NHMUK R1868[294] Natural History Museum, London Haestasaurus becklesii Tithonian Wealden Group England A basal macronarian with skin impressions on the limb
Skin impressions from Haestasaurus becklesii
FGGUB R.1410[295] University of Tübingen Magyarosaurus dacus Maastrichtian Sânpetru Formation Romania A titanosaur with dermal osteoderms
PVL 4017−92, 113, 129, 208, PVLPh 011–1-3[296] National University of Tucumán Saltasaurus loricatus Maastrichtian Lecho Formation Argentina A saltasaurid titanosaur with dermal osteoderms of varying sizes across the torso
Saltasaurus loricatus osteoderm
MEF-PV 1125/1[297] Museum of Paleontology Egidio Feruglio Tehuelchesaurus benitezii Kimmeridgian Cañadón Calcáreo Formation Argentina A camarasaurid with skin impressions
Skin impressions from Tehuelchesaurus benitezii
FMNH PR 2021-52 and UA 9875[298] Field Museum of Natural History and University of Antananarivo "Titanosaurus madagascariensis" Maastrichtian Maevarano Formation Madagascar A titanosaur with dermal osteoderms
FMNH PR 2342 and UA 9331[299] Field Museum of Natural History and University of Antananarivo Rapetosaurus krausei Maastrichtian Maevarano Formation Madagascar A titanosaur with dermal osteoderms from an adult and juvenile specimen
[300] Brontopodus cf., pentadactylus Aalenian Saltwick Formation England Manus and pes skin impressions
MQE.2023.038[301] Mongolia Quest Expedition Brontopodus isp. Maastrichtian Nemegt Formation Mongolia Forelimb manus skin impressions
[302][303] cf. Brontopodus isp. Albian Haman Formation South Korea Hindlimb skin impressions from footprints
PVPH-130[304] Cf. Megaloolithidae Campanian Anacleto Formation Argentina Disarticulated embryonic skeleton containing skin impressions probably from the backside of the animal
A) Large patch (PVH- 126). B) Detail of rosette structure of PVPH-130.
AMNH 1959[288] American Museum of Natural History Titanosauria indent. Maastrichtian Lameta Formation India Osteoderms
MPMA 08-0058-11[305] Monte Alto Museum of Palaeontology Titanosauria indent. Campanian Adamantina Formation Brazil Osteoderms
HUE-00590-00913[306] Castilla-la Mancha Science Museum Titanosauria indent. Campanian Lo Hueco Site Spain Osteoderms
MMCERCS-1340[307] Titanosauria indent. Maastrichtian Tremp Formation Spain Skin impression from a footprint
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See also

Sources

  • Chiappe, Luis M.; Meng, Qingjin (2016). Birds of Stone: Chinese Avian Fossils from the Age of Dinosaurs. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-297-84156-2.
  • Sanders, F.; Manley, K.; Carpenter, K. (2001). "Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae". In Tanke, Darren; Carpenter, Ken (eds.). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press. pp. 166–180. ISBN 0-253-33907-3

References

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