List of local anesthetics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
| Drug | Other common names | Image | First synthesis | Dates of clinical use | Chemical/structural class | Duration of effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| amylocaine | Stovaine |  |
1904 (Ernest Fourneau) | ester- benzoic
|
||||||
| ambucaine |  |
diester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
| articaine | Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine |  |
Amide | |||||||
| benzocaine | Anbesol, Orajel |  |
Ester - Aminobenzoic | Short | ||||||
| benzonatate | Tessalon |  |
||||||||
| bupivacaine | Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine |  |
1957 (Ekenstam) | 1963 (Widman and Telivuo) | Amide | Moderate | ||||
| butacaine |  |
ester- aminobenzoic | ||||||||
| butanilicaine |  |
Amide | ||||||||
| chloroprocaine | Nesacaine |  |
Ester - Aminobenzoic | |||||||
| cinchocaine (INN) | dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine |  |
1925 (Meischer) | 1930 (Uhlmann) | Ester - Aminobenzoic | |||||
| cocaine |  |
1855 (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke), 1898 (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter) | 1884 (Karl Koller, William Stewart Halsted) | Ester - Benzoic | ||||||
| cyclomethycaine |  |
Ester - hydroxybenzoic | ||||||||
| dibucaine |  |
Amide | ||||||||
| diperodon |  |
|||||||||
| dimethocaine | larocaine |  |
||||||||
| eucaine | α-Eucaine, β-eucaine |
|
1900. α[6] β[7][8] | |||||||
| etidocaine | Duranest | 1971 (Takman) | 1972 (Lund) | |||||||
| hexylcaine | Cyclaine, Osmocaine | |||||||||
| fomocaine |  |
ester - phenyl | ||||||||
| fotocaine |  |
|||||||||
| hydroxyprocaine |  |
ester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
| isobucaine |  |
Ester - benzoic | ||||||||
| levobupivacaine | Chirocaine | 1990s (Mather and Tucker) | 1995 | |||||||
| lidocaine[12][13]
(lignocaine) |
Xylocaine |  |
1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist) | 1947 (Torsten Gordh) | ||||||
| mepivacaine | Carbocaine, Polocaine | 1956 (Ekenstam and Egner) | 1957 (Dhuner) | |||||||
| meprylcaine | Epirocain | |||||||||
| metabutoxycaine | ||||||||||
| nitracaine | Ester- Aminobenzoic | |||||||||
| orthocaine | ||||||||||
| oxetacaine (oxethazaine) | ||||||||||
| oxybuprocaine | benoxinate, Novesine | |||||||||
| Paraethoxycaine |  |
|||||||||
| phenacaine | Holocaine | |||||||||
| piperocaine | metycaine | |||||||||
| piridocaine |  |
|||||||||
| pramocaine | pramoxine | |||||||||
| prilocaine | Citanest | 1959 (Nils Löfgren and Egner) | 1960 (Wielding) | |||||||
| Primacaine | ||||||||||
| procaine | Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine |  |
1904 (Alfred Einhorn) | 1905 (Heinrich Braun) | ||||||
| procainamide |  |
|||||||||
| proparacaine | proxymetacaine | |||||||||
| propoxycaine[16] | ||||||||||
| Pyrrocaine |  |
|||||||||
| quinisocaine (INN) | dimethisoquin (USAN) |  |
||||||||
| ropivacaine | Naropin | 1957 (Ekenstam) | 1997 | |||||||
| trimecaine | Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain | |||||||||
| tetracaine | amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine |  |
1928 (O. Eisleb) | 1931 | ||||||
| Tolycaine |  |
|||||||||
| Tropacocaine[20] |  |
|||||||||
See also
- 4-Aminobenzoic acid
- Amino amide
- Amino esters
- Anesthesia
- Anesthetic
- Brachial plexus block
- Cocaine analogues: local anesthetics
- Dental anesthesia
- Dibucaine number
- Epidural
- Intravenous regional anesthesia
- Local anesthesia
- Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor
- Local anesthetic toxicity
- Methemoglobin
- Sodium channel blocker
- Spinal anesthesia
- Topical anesthesia
- Veterinary anesthesia