List of prime ministers of Italy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.[1][2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.[3] Cavour previously served as prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.[4] During the era of the monarchy of Italy under the House of Savoy, prime ministers were appointed by the King of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute (1848).[5] From 1925 until the fall of the Fascist regime in Italy in 1943, the Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister, Secretary of State".[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.[7]

After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy (1948). Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Italian Republic; he was in office for over seven consecutive years between 1945 and 1953, more than any other democratically-elected prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president of the Italian Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of the Italian Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic.[8] From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Italian Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.[9][10] The incumbent officeholder is Giorgia Meloni, who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.[11][12]

The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Mussolini, who ruled the country as Fascist Italy from 1922 until 1943;[13] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.[14] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for 16 days in 1905,[15] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.[16]

Prime ministers of Italy

Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Parties:[a]

1861–1912:
  Historical Right
  Historical Left
  Military
1912–1922:
  Liberal Party/Italian Liberal Party
  Italian Radical Party
  Italian Reformist Socialist Party
1922–1943:
  National Fascist Party
1943–1946:
  Labour Democratic Party
  Action Party
  Christian Democracy
  Military

Coalitions:[b]

1861–1912:
  Rightist coalition
  Centrist coalition
  Leftist coalition
1912–1922:
  Liberal coalition
  Mixed coalition
1922–1943:
  Fascist government
1943–1946:
  National Liberation Committee
  Mixed coalition
Acronyms and abbreviations:

Symbols:
† Died in office

More information Portrait, Name (Birth–death) ...
Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Portrait Name
(Birth–death)		 Term of office Party Government Composition Legislature
(Election)		 Monarch
(Reign)		 Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour Count
Camillo Benso di Cavour
(1810–1861)		 23 March
1861		 6 June
1861†		 75 days Historical Right Cavour IV[c] Trasformismo
Right		 VIII[c]
(1861)		 Victor Emmanuel II[c]

(1861–1878)		 [17]
Bettino Ricasoli Baron
Bettino Ricasoli
(1809–1880)		 12 June
1861		 3 March
1862		 264 days Historical Right Ricasoli I Right [18]
Urbano Rattazzi Urbano Rattazzi
(1808–1873)		 3 March
1862		 8 December
1862		 280 days Historical Left Rattazzi I Right • Left [19]
Luigi Carlo Farini Luigi Carlo Farini
(1812–1866)		 8 December
1862		 24 March
1863		 106 days Historical Right Farini Right [20]
Marco Minghetti Marco Minghetti
(1818–1886)		 24 March
1863		 28 September
1864		 1 year, 188 days Historical Right Minghetti I Right [21]
Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora General
Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora
(1804–1878)		 28 September
1864		 31 December
1865		 1 year, 265 days Military La Marmora II Right [22]
[23]
31 December
1865		 20 June
1866		 La Marmora III IX
(1865)
Bettino Ricasoli Baron
Bettino Ricasoli
(1809–1880)		 20 June
1866		 10 April
1867		 294 days Historical Right Ricasoli II National unity government
Right • Left		 [24]
Urbano Rattazzi Urbano Rattazzi
(1808–1873)		 10 April
1867		 27 October
1867		 200 days Historical Left Rattazzi II Left X
(1867)		 [25]
Luigi Federico Menabrea Count
Luigi Federico Menabrea
(1809–1896)		 27 October
1867		 5 January
1868		 2 years, 48 days Historical Right Menabrea I Right [26]
[27]
[28]
5 January
1868		 13 May
1869		 Menabrea II
13 May
1869		 14 December
1869		 Menabrea III
Giovanni Lanza Giovanni Lanza
(1810–1882)		 14 December
1869		 10 July
1873		 3 years, 208 days Historical Right Lanza Right XI
(1870)		 [29]
Marco Minghetti Marco Minghetti
(1818–1886)		 10 July
1873		 25 March
1876		 2 years, 259 days Historical Right Minghetti II Right XII
(1874)		 [30]
Agostino Depretis Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887)		 25 March
1876		 25 December
1877		 1 year, 364 days Historical Left Depretis I Left XIII
(1876)		 [31]
[32]
26 December
1877		 24 March
1878		 Depretis II Umberto I

(1878–1900)
Benedetto Cairoli Benedetto Cairoli
(1825–1889)		 24 March
1878		 19 December
1878		 270 days Historical Left Cairoli I Left [33]
Agostino Depretis Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887)		 19 December
1878		 14 July
1879		 214 days Historical Left Depretis III Left [34]
Benedetto Cairoli Benedetto Cairoli
(1825–1889)		 14 July
1879		 25 November
1879		 1 year, 319 days Historical Left Cairoli II Left [35]
[36]
25 November
1879		 29 May
1881		 Cairoli III XIV
(1880)
Agostino Depretis Agostino Depretis
(1813–1887)		 29 May
1881		 25 May
1883		 6 years, 61 days Historical Left Depretis IV Trasformismo
Left		 [37]
[38]
[39]
[40]
[41]
25 May
1883		 30 March
1884		 Depretis V XV
(1882)
30 March
1884		 29 June
1885		 Depretis VI
29 June
1885		 4 April
1887		 Depretis VII XVI
(1886)
4 April
1887		 29 July
1887†		 Depretis VIII
Francesco Crispi Francesco Crispi
(1818–1901)		 29 July
1887		 9 March
1889		 3 years, 192 days Historical Left Crispi I Trasformismo
Left		 [42]
[43]
9 March
1889		 6 February
1891		 Crispi II XVII
(1890)
Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì Marquess
Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
(1839–1908)		 6 February
1891		 15 May
1892		 1 year, 99 days Historical Right Di Rudinì I Right • Left [44]
Giovanni Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928)		 15 May
1892		 15 December
1893		 1 year, 214 days Historical Left Giolitti I Trasformismo
Left		 XVIII
(1892)		 [45]
Francesco Crispi Francesco Crispi
(1818–1901)		 15 December
1893		 14 June
1894		 2 years, 86 days Historical Left Crispi III Trasformismo
Left • Right		 [46]
[47]
14 June
1894		 10 March
1896		 Crispi IV XIX
(1895)
Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì Marquess
Antonio Starabba di Rudinì
(1839–1908)		 10 March
1896		 11 July
1896		 2 years, 111 days Historical Right Di Rudinì II Right • Left [48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
11 July
1896		 14 December
1897		 Di Rudinì III
14 December
1897		 1 June
1898		 Di Rudinì IV XX
(1897)
1 June
1898		 29 June
1898		 Di Rudinì V
Luigi Pelloux General
Luigi Pelloux
(1839–1924)		 29 June
1898		 14 May
1899		 1 year, 360 days Military Pelloux I Left • Right [52]
[53]
14 May
1899		 24 June
1900		 Pelloux II Right • Left
Giuseppe Saracco Giuseppe Saracco
(1821–1907)		 24 June
1900		 15 February
1901		 236 days Historical Left Saracco Left • Right XXI
(1900)		 Victor Emmanuel III

(1900–1946)		 [54]
Giuseppe Zanardelli Giuseppe Zanardelli
(1826–1903)		 15 February
1901		 3 November
1903		 2 years, 261 days Historical Left Zanardelli Left • Right [55]
Giovanni Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928)		 3 November
1903		 12 March
1905		 1 year, 129 days Historical Left Giolitti II Trasformismo
Left • Right		 XXII
(1904)		 [56]
Tommaso Tittoni Tommaso Tittoni
(1855–1931)		 12 March
1905		 28 March
1905		 16 days Historical Right Tittoni Left • Right [57]
Alessandro Fortis Alessandro Fortis
(1842–1909)		 28 March
1905		 24 December
1905		 317 days Historical Left Fortis I Left • Right [58]
[59]
24 December
1905		 8 February
1906		 Fortis II
Sidney Sonnino Baron
Sidney Sonnino
(1847–1922)		 8 February
1906		 29 May
1906		 110 days Historical Right Sonnino I Right • Left • PR [60]
Giovanni Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928)		 29 May
1906		 11 December
1909		 3 years, 196 days Historical Left Giolitti III Trasformismo
Left • Right		 [61]
Sidney Sonnino Baron
Sidney Sonnino
(1847–1922)		 11 December
1909		 31 March
1910		 110 days Historical Right Sonnino II Right • Left XXIII
(1909)		 [62]
Luigi Luzzatti Luigi Luzzatti
(1841–1927)		 31 March
1910		 30 March
1911		 364 days Historical Right Luzzatti Right • PR • Left [63]
Giovanni Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928)		 30 March
1911		 21 March
1914		 2 years, 356 days Liberal Party Giolitti IV PL[d] • PR [64]
Antonio Salandra Antonio Salandra
(1853–1931)		 21 March
1914		 5 November
1914		 2 years, 89 days Liberal Party Salandra I PL XXIV
(1913)		 [65]
[66]
5 November
1914		 18 June
1916		 Salandra II PL • PRI
Paolo Boselli Paolo Boselli
(1838–1932)		 18 June
1916		 30 October
1917		 1 year, 134 days Liberal Party Boselli National unity government
PL • PSRI • PR • UECI		 [67]
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
(1860–1952)		 30 October
1917		 23 June
1919		 1 year, 236 days Liberal Party Orlando PL • PR • PSRI • UECI • [68]
Francesco Saverio Nitti Francesco Saverio Nitti
(1868–1953)		 23 June
1919		 21 May
1920		 358 days Italian Radical Party Nitti I PL • PLDI • PR • PSRI • PPI [69]
[70]
21 May
1920		 15 June
1920		 Nitti II PL • PR • PLDI • PPI XXV
(1919)
Giovanni Giolitti Giovanni Giolitti
(1842–1928)		 15 June
1920		 4 July
1921		 1 year, 19 days Liberal Party Giolitti V PL • PPI • PR • PLDI • PSRI • DS [71]
Ivanoe Bonomi Ivanoe Bonomi
(1873–1951)		 4 July
1921		 26 February
1922		 237 days Italian Reformist Socialist Party Bonomi I PL • PPI • PSRI • PLDI • DS XXVI
(1921)		 [72]
Luigi Facta Luigi Facta
(1861–1930)		 26 February
1922		 1 August
1922		 247 days Liberal Party[e] Facta I PL • PPI • PLDI • DS • PSRI • PA [73]
[74]
1 August
1922		 31 October
1922		 Facta II PLI • PPI • PLDI • DS • PSRI
Duce
Benito Mussolini[f]
(1883–1945)		 31 October
1922		 25 July
1943		 20 years, 267 days National Fascist Party Mussolini PNF • PPI[g] • PLI[h] • DS[i] • ANI[j] [75]
PNF XXVII
(1924)
XXVIII
(1929)
XXIX
(1934)
XXX
(no election)
Pietro Badoglio Marshal
Pietro Badoglio[k]
(1871–1956)		 25 July
1943		 24 April
1944		 329 days Military Badoglio I Transitional government
Independents		 Parliament abolished [76]
[77]
24 April
1944		 18 June
1944		 Badoglio II CLN
PSIUP • PdA • PCI • PLI • DC • PDL
Ivanoe Bonomi Ivanoe Bonomi
(1873–1951)		 18 June
1944		 12 December
1944		 1 year, 3 days Labour Democratic Party Bonomi II CLN
PDL • DC • PdA • PSIUP • PCI • PLI •		 [78]
[79]
12 December
1944		 21 June
1945		 Bonomi III CLN
PDL • DC • PLI • PCI
Ferruccio Parri Ferruccio Parri
(1890–1981)		 21 June
1945		 10 December
1945		 172 days Action Party Parri CLN
DC • PdA • PLI • PSIUP • PCI • PDL		 National Council [80]
Alcide De Gasperi Alcide De Gasperi
(1881–1954)		 10 December
1945		 13 July
1946		 212 days Christian Democracy De Gasperi I CLN
DC • PSIUP • PdA • PLI • PDL • PCI		 Umberto II

(1946)		 [81]
Close
  1. [a]
    Colours in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
  2. [b]
    Colours in the "Composition" column indicate the governing coalition.
  3. [c]
    After the Italian unification, the regnal number of King Victor Emmanuel, as well as the numbering for governments and legislatures, were taken in continuation with the corresponding numbers in the Kingdom of Sardinia.
  4. [d]
    The result of a merge between the Left and Right in 1913
  5. [e]
    On 8 October 1922, the PL evolved into the PLI.
  6. [f]
    On 24 December 1925, the office of "President of the Council of Ministers" (Prime Minister) was replaced by that of "Head of Government, Prime Minister, and Secretary of State". Mussolini remained in office with the new title until 25 July 1943.
  7. [g]
    Until 27 April 1923
  8. [h]
    Until 1 July 1924
  9. [i]
    Until 5 February 1924
  10. [j]
    Merged into the PNF on 4 March 1923
  11. [k]
    With the title of "Head of Government, Prime Minister, and Secretary of State" until 3 June 1944, then "President of the Council of Ministers, Prime Minister, and Secretary of State"

Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

Parties:[a]

1946–1994:
  Christian Democracy
  Italian Republican Party
  Italian Socialist Party
  Independent
1994–present:
  Forza Italia/The People of Freedom
  Independent
  Democrats of the Left
  Democratic Party
  Brothers of Italy

Coalitions:[b]

1946–1994:
  National Liberation Committee
  Centrist coalition
  Organic centre-left
  Pentapartito/Quadripartito
  Mixed coalition
1994–present:
  Centre-right coalition
  Mixed coalition
  Centre-left coalition
  Grand coalition
  Yellow-green coalition
  Yellow-red coalition
Acronyms and abbreviations:
More information Portrait, Name (Birth–death) ...
Prime Ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)
Portrait Name
(Birth–death)		 Term of office Party Government Composition Legislature
(Election)		 President
(Tenure)		 Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
Alcide De Gasperi Alcide De Gasperi
(1881–1954)		 13 July
1946		 2 February
1947		 7 years, 35 days Christian Democracy De Gasperi II CLN
DC • PSIUP • PCI • PRI		 Constituent
Assembly
(1946)		 Enrico
De Nicola

(1946–1948)		 [82]
[83]
[84]
[85]
[86]
[87]
[88]
2 February
1947		 1 June
1947		 De Gasperi III CLN
DC • PSI • PCI • PDL
1 June
1947		 24 May
1948		 De Gasperi IV Centrism
DC • PSLI • PLI • PRI
24 May
1948		 27 January
1950		 De Gasperi V I
(1948)		 Luigi Einaudi

(1948–1955)
27 January
1950		 26 July
1951		 De Gasperi VI Centrism
DC • PSLI • PRI
26 July
1951		 16 July
1953		 De Gasperi VII Centrism
DC • PRI
16 July
1953		 17 August
1953		 De Gasperi VIII[c] DC II
(1953)
Giuseppe Pella Giuseppe Pella
(1902–1981)		 17 August
1953		 19 January
1954		 155 days Christian Democracy Pella DC [89]
Amintore Fanfani Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999)		 19 January
1954		 10 February
1954		 22 days Christian Democracy Fanfani I[c] DC [90]
Mario Scelba Mario Scelba
(1901–1991)		 10 February
1954		 6 July
1955		 1 year, 146 days Christian Democracy Scelba Centrism
DC • PSDI • PLI		 [91]
Antonio Segni Antonio Segni
(1891–1972)		 6 July
1955		 20 May
1957		 1 year, 318 days Christian Democracy Segni I Centrism
DC • PSDI • PLI		 Giovanni
Gronchi

(1955–1962)		 [92]
Adone Zoli Adone Zoli
(1887–1960)		 20 May
1957		 2 July
1958		 1 year, 43 days Christian Democracy Zoli DC [93]
Amintore Fanfani Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999)		 2 July
1958		 16 February
1959		 229 days Christian Democracy Fanfani II Centrism
DC • PSDI		 III
(1958)		 [94]
Antonio Segni Antonio Segni
(1891–1972)		 16 February
1959		 26 March
1960		 1 year, 39 days Christian Democracy Segni II DC [95]
Fernando Tambroni Fernando Tambroni
(1901–1963)		 26 March
1960		 27 July
1960		 123 days Christian Democracy Tambroni DC [96]
Amintore Fanfani Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999)		 27 July
1960		 22 February
1962		 2 years, 330 days Christian Democracy Fanfani III DC [97]
[98]
22 February
1962		 22 June
1963		 Fanfani IV DC • PSDI • PRI Antonio Segni

(1962–1964)
Giovanni Leone Giovanni Leone
(1908–2001)		 22 June
1963		 5 December
1963		 166 days Christian Democracy Leone I DC IV
(1963)		 [99]
Aldo Moro Aldo Moro
(1916–1978)		 5 December
1963		 23 July
1964		 4 years, 203 days Christian Democracy Moro I Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI		 [100]
[101]
[102]
23 July
1964		 24 February
1966		 Moro II Giuseppe
Saragat

(1964–1971)
24 February
1966		 25 June
1968		 Moro III
Giovanni Leone Giovanni Leone
(1908–2001)		 25 June
1968		 13 December
1968		 171 days Christian Democracy Leone II DC V
(1968)		 [103]
Mariano Rumor Mariano Rumor
(1915–1990)		 13 December
1968		 6 August
1969		 1 year, 236 days Christian Democracy Rumor I Organic centre-left
DC • PSU • PRI		 [104]
[105]
[106]
6 August
1969		 28 March
1970		 Rumor II DC
28 March
1970		 6 August
1970		 Rumor III Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI
Emilio Colombo Emilio Colombo
(1920–2013)		 6 August
1970		 18 February
1972		 1 year, 196 days Christian Democracy Colombo Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI		 [107]
Giulio Andreotti Giulio Andreotti
(1919–2013)		 18 February
1972		 26 June
1972		 1 year, 140 days Christian Democracy Andreotti I[c] DC Giovanni
Leone

(1971–1978)		 [108]
[109]
26 June
1972		 8 July
1973		 Andreotti II DC • PSDI • PLI VI
(1972)
Mariano Rumor Mariano Rumor
(1915–1990)		 8 July
1973		 15 March
1974		 1 year, 138 days Christian Democracy Rumor IV Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI		 [110]
[111]
15 March
1974		 23 November
1974		 Rumor V Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI
Aldo Moro Aldo Moro
(1916–1978)		 23 November
1974		 12 February
1976		 1 year, 250 days Christian Democracy Moro IV DC • PRI [112]
[113]
12 February
1976		 30 July
1976		 Moro V DC
Giulio Andreotti Giulio Andreotti
(1919–2013)		 30 July
1976		 13 March
1978		 3 years, 6 days Christian Democracy Andreotti III Historic Compromise[d]
DC		 VII
(1976)		 [114]
[115]
[116]
13 March
1978		 21 March
1979		 Andreotti IV Sandro Pertini

(1978–1985)
21 March
1979		 5 August
1979		 Andreotti V[c] DC • PSDI • PRI
Francesco Cossiga Francesco Cossiga
(1928–2010)		 5 August
1979		 4 April
1980		 1 year, 74 days Christian Democracy Cossiga I DC • PSDI • PLI VIII
(1979)		 [117]
[118]
4 April
1980		 18 October
1980		 Cossiga II Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PRI
Arnaldo Forlani Arnaldo Forlani
(1925–2023)		 18 October
1980		 28 June
1981		 253 days Christian Democracy Forlani Organic centre-left
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI		 [119]
Giovanni Spadolini Giovanni Spadolini
(1925–1994)		 28 June
1981		 23 August
1982		 1 year, 156 days Italian Republican Party Spadolini I Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI		 [120]
[121]
23 August
1982		 1 December
1982		 Spadolini II
Amintore Fanfani Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999)		 1 December
1982		 4 August
1983		 246 days Christian Democracy Fanfani V DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI [122]
Bettino Craxi Bettino Craxi
(1934–2000)		 4 August
1983		 1 August
1986		 3 years, 257 days Italian Socialist Party Craxi I Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI		 IX
(1983)		 [123]
[124]
1 August
1986		 18 April
1987		 Craxi II Francesco Cossiga

(1985–1992)
Amintore Fanfani Amintore Fanfani
(1908–1999)		 18 April
1987		 29 July
1987		 102 days Christian Democracy Fanfani VI[c] DC [98]
Giovanni Goria Giovanni Goria
(1943–1994)		 29 July
1987		 13 April
1988		 259 days Christian Democracy Goria Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI		 X
(1987)		 [125]
Ciriaco De Mita Ciriaco De Mita
(1928–2022)		 13 April
1988		 23 July
1989		 1 year, 101 days Christian Democracy De Mita Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI		 [126]
Giulio Andreotti Giulio Andreotti
(1919–2013)		 23 July
1989		 13 April
1991		 2 years, 341 days Christian Democracy Andreotti VI Pentapartito
DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI		 [127]
[128]
13 April
1991		 28 June
1992		 Andreotti VII Quadripartito
DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI
Giuliano Amato Giuliano Amato
(born 1938)		 28 June
1992		 28 April
1993		 304 days Italian Socialist Party Amato I Quadripartito
DC • PSI • PLI • PSDI		 XI
(1992)		 Oscar Luigi Scalfaro

(1992–1999)		 [129]
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
(1920–2016)		 28 April
1993		 11 May
1994		 1 year, 13 days Independent Ciampi Transitional government
DC • PSI • PDS[e] • PLI • PRI • PSDI • FdV[e]		 [130]
Silvio Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi
(1936–2023)		 11 May
1994		 17 January
1995		 251 days Forza Italia Berlusconi I PdL–PBG
FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC		 XII
(1994)		 [131]
Lamberto Dini Lamberto Dini
(born 1931)		 17 January
1995		 18 May
1996		 1 year, 122 days Independent Dini Technocratic government
Independents		 [132]
Romano Prodi Romano Prodi
(born 1939)		 18 May
1996		 21 October
1998		 2 years, 156 days Independent[f] Prodi I The Olive Tree
PDS • PPI • RI • FdV • UD		 XIII
(1996)		 [133]
Massimo D'Alema Massimo D'Alema
(born 1949)		 21 October
1998		 22 December
1999		 1 year, 188 days Democrats of the Left D'Alema I The Olive Tree
DS • PPI • RI • SDI[g] • FdV • PdCI • UDR[h] • UDEUR[i] • Dem[i]		 [134]
[135]
22 December
1999		 26 April
2000		 D'Alema II Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

(1999–2006)
Giuliano Amato Giuliano Amato
(born 1938)		 26 April
2000		 11 June
2001		 1 year, 46 days Independent[f] Amato II The Olive Tree
DS • PPI • Dem • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR • RI • SDI		 [136]
Silvio Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi
(1936–2023)		 11 June
2001		 23 April
2005		 4 years, 340 days Forza Italia Berlusconi II House of Freedoms
FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI		 XIV
(2001)		 [137]
[138]
23 April
2005		 17 May
2006		 Berlusconi III
Romano Prodi Romano Prodi
(born 1939)		 17 May
2006		 8 May
2008		 1 year, 357 days Independent[j] Prodi II The Union
DS[j] • DL[j] • PRC • RnP • PdCI • IdV • FdV • UDEUR		 XV
(2006)		 Giorgio Napolitano

(2006–2015)		 [139]
Silvio Berlusconi Silvio Berlusconi
(1936–2023)		 8 May
2008		 16 November
2011		 3 years, 192 days The People of Freedom Berlusconi IV Centre-right coalition
PdL • LN		 XVI
(2008)		 [140]
Mario Monti Mario Monti
(born 1943)		 16 November
2011		 28 April
2013		 1 year, 163 days Independent[k] Monti Technocratic government
Independents		 [141]
Enrico Letta Enrico Letta
(born 1966)		 28 April
2013		 22 February
2014		 300 days Democratic Party Letta Grand coalition
PD • PdL[l] • SC • UDC • RI • NCD[m] • PpI[m]		 XVII
(2013)		 [142]
Matteo Renzi Matteo Renzi
(born 1975)		 22 February
2014		 12 December
2016		 2 years, 294 days Democratic Party Renzi PD[n] • NCD[n] • SC • UDC Sergio Mattarella

(2015–present)		 [143]
Paolo Gentiloni Paolo Gentiloni
(born 1954)		 12 December
2016		 1 June
2018		 1 year, 171 days Democratic Party Gentiloni PD • NCD/AP • CpE [144]
Giuseppe Conte Giuseppe Conte
(born 1964)		 1 June
2018		 5 September
2019		 2 years, 257 days Independent[o] Conte I Government of Change
M5S • Lega		 XVIII
(2018)		 [145]
[146]
5 September
2019		 13 February
2021		 Conte II Yellow-red government
M5S • PD • Art.1 • IV[p]
Mario Draghi Mario Draghi
(born 1947)		 13 February
2021		 22 October
2022		 1 year, 251 days Independent Draghi National unity government
M5S • Lega • PD • FI • IpF[q] • IV • Art.1 • Az[r]		 [147]
Giorgia Meloni Giorgia Meloni
(born 1977)		 22 October
2022		 Incumbent 3 years, 190 days Brothers of Italy Meloni Centre-right coalition
FdI • Lega • FI		 XIX
(2022)		 [148]
Close
  1. [a]
    Colours in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
  2. [b]
    Colours in the "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
  3. [c]
    The government did not receive the confidence of Parliament.
  4. [d]
    The two Historic Compromise governments were known as the "government of non no-confidence" and the "government of national solidarity".
  5. [e]
    Until 4 May 1993
  6. [f]
    Within The Olive Tree (Ulivo) coalition
  7. [g]
    Until December 1999
  8. [h]
    Until February 1999
  9. [i]
    From February 1999
  10. [j]
    The DS and DL parties merged to establish the PD on 14 October 2007. Prodi was elected president of the PD by the new party's National Assembly.
  11. [k]
    Founded the SC party in January 2013
  12. [l]
    Until November 2013
  13. [m]
    From November 2013
  14. [n]
    In January 2014, although the November 2013-refounded FI (the successor of the PdL) was not part of the government, Renzi and Berlusconi signed the Nazareno Pact, a political agreement for electoral (Italicum) and constitutional reforms (2016 Italian constitutional referendum). The agreement formally ended in February 2015 following the election of Mattarella as president of Italy. The NCD party was formed in disagreement with the PdL's decision to exit from the governing majority in November 2013.
  15. [o]
    Close to the M5S, of which he became president in August 2021
  16. [p]
    From September 2019 to January 2021
  17. [q]
    From June 2022
  18. [r]
    From July 2022

Timeline

Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Alcide De GasperiFerruccio ParriPietro BadoglioBenito MussoliniLuigi FactaIvanoe BonomiFrancesco Saverio NittiVittorio Emanuele OrlandoPaolo BoselliAntonio SalandraLuigi LuzzatiSidney SonninoAlessandro FortisTommaso TittoniGiuseppe ZanardelliGiuseppe SaraccoLuigi PellouxGiovanni GiolittiAntonio Starabba, Marchese di RudinìFrancesco CrispiBenedetto CairoliAgostino DepretisGiovanni LanzaFederico Luigi, Conte MenabreaAlfonso Ferrero La MarmoraMarco MinghettiLuigi Carlo FariniUrbano RattazziBettino RicasoliCamillo Benso, Count of Cavour

Italian Republic (1946–present)

Giorgia MeloniMario DraghiGiuseppe ContePaolo GentiloniMatteo RenziEnrico LettaMario MontiMassimo D'AlemaRomano ProdiLamberto DiniSilvio BerlusconiCarlo Azeglio CiampiGiuliano AmatoCiriaco De MitaGiovanni GoriaBettino CraxiGiovanni SpadoliniArnaldo ForlaniFrancesco CossigaGiulio AndreottiEmilio ColomboMariano RumorAldo MoroGiovanni LeoneFernando TambroniAdone ZoliAntonio SegniMario ScelbaAmintore FanfaniGiuseppe PellaAlcide De Gasperi

See also

References

Bibliography

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