List of the last monarchs in Europe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of the last monarchs in Europe.
| Nation / territory | Monarch | Title | Birth | Reigned from | Reign ceased | Reason | Death | Arms | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Albania |
 |
Victor Emmanuel III | King of Albania | 11 November 1869 | 16 April 1939 | 3 September 1943 | Armistice of Cassibile | 28 December 1947 | .svg) |
[1] |
 Armenia |
 |
Levon V | King of Armenia | 1342 | 1374 | 1375 | Deposed | 29 November 1393 |  | |
 Austria-Hungary |
 |
Charles I and IV | Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary | 17 August 1887 | 21 November 1916 | 11 & 13 November 1918 | "Relinquished participation in the administration of the State" | 1 April 1922 |  |
[2] |
 Bulgaria |
 |
Simeon II | Tsar of Bulgaria | 16 June 1937 | 28 August 1943 | 15 September 1946 | Republican constitution adopted | Living |  |
[3] |
 Circassia
(Chemguy) |
 |
Jembulat Boletuqo | Grand Prince of Chemguy, | c. Late 18th c. | 1827 | 1836 | Assassinated | 1836 |  |
[4] |
 Croatia |
 |
Tomislav II | King of Croatia | 9 March 1900 | 18 May 1941 | 31 July 1943 | Abdicated | 29 January 1948 | .svg) |
[5] |
 Cyprus |
.jpg) |
Catherine | Queen of Cyprus | 25 November 1454 | 26 August 1474 | 26 February 1489 | Abdicated | 10 July 1510 | .svg) |
[6] |
 France |
 |
Napoleon III | Emperor of the French | 20 April 1808 | 2 December 1852 | 4 September 1870 | Abdicated | 9 January 1873 | -2.svg) |
[7] |
 Germany |
 |
Wilhelm II | German Emperor, King of Prussia | 27 January 1859 | 15 June 1888 | 9 November 1918 | Abdicated | 9 June 1941 |  |
[8] |
 Greece |
.jpg) |
Constantine II | King of the Hellenes | 2 June 1940 | 6 March 1964 | 1 June 1973 | Deposed | 10 January 2023 |  |
[9] |
 Iceland |
 |
Christian X | King of Iceland | 26 September 1870 | 14 May 1912 | 17 June 1944 | Republican constitution adopted | 20 April 1947 |  |
[10] |
 Irish Free State |
.jpg) |
George VI | King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas | 14 December 1895 | 11 December 1936 | 29 December 1937 | Constitution of Ireland | 6 February 1952 |  | |
 Italy |
 |
Umberto II | King of Italy | 15 September 1904 | 9 May 1946 | 18 June 1946 | Republican constitution adopted | 18 March 1983 | .svg) |
[11] |
 Kabardia |
 |
Jankhot Kushuk | Grand Prince of Kabardia | c. 1758 | 1809 | 1822 | Transition to Russian administrative court | 1830 |  |
[12][13][14] |
 Kartli-Kakheti (Eastern Georgia) |
 |
George XII | King of all Georgia, King of all Kartli, Kakheti and all the other lands | 10 November 1746 | 11 January 1798 | 28 December 1800 | Death | 28 December 1800 |  | |
 Kazakh Khanate |
.jpg) |
Kenesary Qasymov | Kazakh Khan | 1802 | 1841 | 1847 | Deposed | 1847 |  |
[15] |
 Malta |
_(cropped)_(3-to-4_aspect_ratio).jpg) |
Elizabeth II | Queen of Malta | 21 April 1926 | 21 September 1964 | 13 December 1974 | Republican constitution adopted | 8 September 2022 |  |
[16] |
 Montenegro |
 |
Nicholas I | King of Montenegro | 7 October 1841 | 28 August 1910 | 26 November 1918 | Monarchy abolished | 1 March 1921 |  |
[17] |
 Portugal |
.png) |
Manuel II | King of Portugal and the Algarves | 15 November 1889 | 1 February 1908 | 5 October 1910 | Monarchy abolished | 2 July 1932 | _-_Lesser.png) |
[18] |
 Romania |
 |
Michael I | King of Romania | 25 October 1921 | 6 September 1940 | 30 December 1947 | Monarchy abolished | 5 December 2017 |  |
[19] |
 Russia |
-2.jpg) |
Nicholas II | Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias | 18 May 1868 | 1 November 1894 | 15 March 1917 | Abdicated | 17 July 1918 |  |
[20] |
 Yugoslavia |
 |
Peter II | King of Yugoslavia | 6 September 1923 | 9 October 1934 | 29 November 1945 | Deposed | 3 November 1970 |  |
[21] |
See also
References
- ↑ Tucker, Spencer C. (2016). World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 91. ISBN 9781851099696.
- ↑ Edward P. Keleher, "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916-1918." East European Quarterly 26.2 (1992): 163+.
- ↑ Gotev, Georgi (2017-11-20). "Bulgaria's Simeon: Time to leave a mark after so many years of isolation". euractiv.com. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ↑ Скиба, К.В. (2016). "ГИБЕЛЬ «СТАРШЕГО ТЕМИРГОЕВСКОГО КНЯЗЯ» ДЖАМБУЛАТА БОЛОТОКОВА ВОЗЛЕ КРЕПОСТИ ПРОЧНЫЙ ОКОП В ОКТЯБРЕ 1836 ГОДА" (PDF). Российский Фронтир.
- ↑ Lemkin, Raphael (2005) [1944]. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 253. ISBN 9781584779018.
- ↑ Mellersh, H. E. L.; Williams, Neville (1999). Chronology of world history. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-155-7.
- ↑ Hansen, Valerie; Curtis, Kenneth R. (2016). Voyages in World History, Volume II, Brief. Vol. 2. Boston. MA: Cengage Learning. p. 524. ISBN 9781305537729.
- ↑ Cecil, Lamar (1996). Wilhelm II: Volume 2, Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 292. ISBN 9780807860748.
- ↑ Gage, Nicholas; Gage, Joan Paulson (2015-08-21). "Why Is the King of Greece Living as a Commoner?". Town & Country. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ↑ Guðmundsson, Helgi Hrafn (29 May 2014). "The Nazi King Of Iceland". The Reykjavik Grapevine. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ↑ Mack Smith, Denis (1992). Italy and Its Monarchy. Yale University Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780300051322.
- ↑ Бейтуганов, С.Н. (2007). Кабарда: история и фамилии [Kabardia: history and families] (PDF) (in Russian). Эльбрус.
- ↑ Janak, Mehmet Rıza (2022-01-01). "ЛИЧНОСТЬ МАГОМЕТ АШ АТАЖУКИНА В КОНТЕКСТЕ УЧАСТИЯ ХАДЖРЕТСКОЙ КАБАРДЫ В КАВКАЗСКОЙ ВОЙНЕ". Caucasology: 44. doi:10.31143/2542-212X-2022-2-37-54.
- ↑ Кармов, Р. К., ed. (2020). Кабардино-русские отношения в исторических материалах [Kabardian-Russian Relations in Historical Materials] (PDF). Блики (in Russian). КБГУ.
- ↑ Olcott, Martha (1995). The Kazakhs. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817993535.
- ↑ Zammit Marmarà, Desmond (12 December 2009). "The Republic of Malta". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ↑ "Government Bill Aims To Rehabilitate Montenegro's Royal Family". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ↑ Starbuck, Lydia (2018-09-22). "What happened to Portugal's monarchy?". Royal Central. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ↑ Dunlop, Tessa (2017-12-05). "Michael I of Romania Obituary: Former monarch and last surviving head of state from the second world war". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ↑ Ferro, Marc (1995). Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195093827.
- ↑ Langlois, Jill (26 May 2013). "Serbia holds state funeral for Yugoslavia's last king". Public Radio International. Retrieved 2019-01-23.