Macedonian conjugation
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Macedonian conjugation (Macedonian: конјугација) is the creation of derived forms of a Macedonian verb from its principal parts by inflection.
Macedonian verbs are conventionally divided into three main conjugations according to the thematic vowel used in the citation form (i.e. 3p-pres-sg):
- а–group (e.g. вика, бега);
- и–group — further divided into three subgroups according to the thematic vowel in the 1p-aor-sg:
- и–subgroup (прати—пратив, направи—направив),
- е–subgroup (остари—остарев, оздрави—оздравев),
- а–subgroup (стои—стојав, лежи—лежов).
- е–group — further divided into four subgroups according to the thematic vowel in the 1p-aor-sg:
- а–subgroup (викне—викнав, падне—паднав),
- е–subgroup (умре—умрев, задре—задрев),
- о–subgroup (пече—пеков, сече—секов),
- ∅–subgroup (i.e. with an athematic stem; пие—пив, трие—трив).
Futurity is expressed by placing the invariable particle ќе before a verb phrase.
Present tense
The synthetic series consists of three simple tenses—the present, imperfect and aorist—and the imperative mood.
| Citation form |
Stem | Present Tense (а–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| вика | вик– | викам | викаш | вика | викаме | викате | викаат |
| бега | бег– | бегам | бегаш | бега | бегаме | бегате | бегаат |
| Citation form |
Stem | Present Tense (и–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| носи | нос– | носам | носиш | носи | носиме | носите | носат |
| учи | уч– | учам | учиш | учи | учиме | учите | учат |
| остари | остар– | остарам | остариш | остари | остариме | остарите | остарат |
| оздрави | оздрав– | оздравам | оздравиш | оздрави | оздравиме | оздравите | оздрават |
| стои | сто(и)– | стојам1 | стоиш | стои | стоиме | стоите | стојат2 |
| лежи | леж– | лежам | лежиш | лежи | лежиме | лежите | лежат |
1, 2 The syllabic thematic vowel и changes to the non-syllabic ј when preceding inflectional suffixes which begin with a vowel.
| Citation form |
Stem | Present Tense (е–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| викне | викн– | викнам | викнеш | викне | викнеме | викнете | викнат |
| умре | умр– | умрам | умреш | умре | умреме | умрете | умрат |
Past tenses
Imperfect
| Citation form |
Stem | Imperfect (а–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| вика | вика– | викав | викаше | викаше | викавме | викавте | викаа |
| бега | бега– | бегав | бегаше | бегаше | бегавме | бегавте | бегаа |
| Citation form |
Stem | Imperfect (и–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| оди | оде– | одев | одеше | одеше | одевме | одевте | одеа |
| Citation form |
Stem | Imperfect (е–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| јаде | јаде– | јадев | јадеше | јадеше | јадевме | јадевте | јадеа |
Aorist
а–group
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (а–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| прочита | прочита– | прочитав | прочита | прочита | прочитавме | прочитавте | прочитаа |
и–group
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (и–group, и–subgroup) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| прати | прати– | пратив | прати | прати | пративме | пративте | пратија3 |
3 An intrusive /j/ occurs between /i/ and /a/.
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (и–group, е–subgroup) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| оздрави | оздраве– | оздравев | оздраве | оздраве | оздравевме | оздравевте | оздравеа |
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (и–group, а–subgroup) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| издржи | издржа– | издржав | издржа | издржа | издржавме | издржавте | издржаа |
е–group
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (е–group, а–subgroup) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| стане | стана– | станав | стана | стана | станавме | станавте | станаа |
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (е–group, е–subgroup) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| сотре | сотре– | сотрев | сотре | сотре | сотревме | сотревте | сотреа |
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (е–group, о–subgroup) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| дојде | дојд– | дојдов | дојде | дојде | дојдовме | дојдовте | дојдоа |
| Citation form |
Stem | Aorist (е–group, ∅–subgroup) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| измие | изми– | измив | изми | изми | измивме | измивте | измија4 |
4 An intrusive /j/ occurs between /i/ and /a/.
Imperative mood
| Citation form |
Stem | Imperative (а–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| вика | вик– | — | викај | — | — | викајте | — |
| бега | бег– | — | бегај | — | — | бегајте | — |
| Citation form |
Stem | Imperative (и–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| носи | нос– | — | носи | — | — | носете | — |
| учи | уч– | — | учи | — | — | учете | — |
| Citation form |
Stem | Imperative (е–group) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| викне | викн– | — | викни | — | — | викнете | — |
| умре | умр– | — | умри | — | — | умрете | — |
Non-finite series
The non-finite series consists of the verbal л-form, verbal adverb, verbal noun and verbal adjective.
- The verbal л-form occurs in two forms: one based on the imperfect stem and one based on the aorist stem. The verbal л-form inflects for gender and number.
| Stem base | Verbal л-form of донесе | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural (all genders) | |
| Imperfect | донел | донела | донело | донеле |
| Aorist | донесол | донесла | донесло | донесле |
- The verbal adverb is an invariant form, based on the imperfect stem with the addition of the suffix -јќи; ex. викајќи.
- The verbal noun is based on the imperfect stem of imperfective verbs with the addition of the suffix -ње; ex. одење. The verbal noun inflects for number and case as with other nouns.
- The verbal adjective is based on the aorist stem when the stem ends in /a/. Otherwise, the imperfect stem is used. It is formed by adding -/t/ to the end of the stem where the vowel is preceded by -/n/ or -/ɲ/, otherwise -/n/ is used; for example, покани 'to invite' has the verbal adjective поканет 'invited', and дојде 'to come' has the verbal adjective дојден 'arrived'. The verbal adjective inflects for number, gender and case as with other adjectives.
