Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve | |
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 Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve
Magaliesberg Protected Natural Environment | |
| Location | Gauteng and North West, South Africa |
| Nearest city | Pretoria |
| Coordinates | 25°50′02″S 27°36′03″E / 25.83389°S 27.60083°E |
| Area | 3,578.7 km2 (1,381.7 sq mi) |
| Established | 9 June 2015 |
| Governing body | Department of Environmental Affairs |
| magaliesbergbiosphere | |
  Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve (North West (South African province))  Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve (South Africa) | |
The Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve is located in South Africa between the cities of Pretoria and Johannesburg to the east and Rustenburg to the west. The reserve lies at the interface of two great African biomes — the Central Grassland Plateaux and the sub-Saharan savannah — and the remnants of a third biome, the Afro‐montane forest. The rich biodiversity includes floral species such as Aloe peglerae and Frithia pulchra, and faunal species such as the forest shrew (Myosorex varius), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) and 443 bird species representing 46.6% of total bird species in the southern African sub-region.
The area is characterised by its scenery and unique natural features.[citation needed] As a typical biosphere reserve, it contains a core zone with buffer and transition zones surrounding it.[1] The reserve has two core zones; the first of which is the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage site which encompasses cultural heritage sites and sites of archaeological interest dating back to 4 million years. The second core zone is the 343.5 km2 (132.6 sq mi) Magaliesberg Protected Natural Environment.[2]
Ecological characteristics
The reserve includes a variety of landscapes including slopes, cliffs, crests, kloofs, rivers, wetlands and valleys. Although the area covers a diverse geological area, it consists mainly of the Magaliesberg mountain complex comprising two geological formations: the Transvaal System and the Bushveld Igneous Complex. These formations contain the richest platinum and platinum group minerals in the world and its varied topography hosts 14 different vegetation types.
The Magaliesberg mountain range, which includes the Skeerpoort area, is one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, estimated to be around 2.3 billion years old. Its formation is primarily attributed to geological processes such as sedimentation and tectonic activity over vast time scales. Approximately 2.02 billion years ago, a massive asteroid, estimated to be 20–25 km (12–16 mi) in diameter, struck the area near present-day Vredefort in the Free State province. The impact created a crater originally spanning about 250–280 km (160–170 mi) in diameter, affecting the surrounding geology extensively. The force of the impact caused the Earth's crust to deform, leading to the uplift and folding of rock layers, which are observable in regions extending into the North West province, including areas near Skeerpoort.
The reserve contains four important habitats: the Moot Plains Bushveld, characterised by open to closed, low and often thorny savannah dominated by various species of Acacia; the Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld, characterised by rocky hills and ridges with more dense woody vegetation; the Northern Afrotemperate Forest, characterised by low, relatively species-poor forests of afromontane origin; and the Marikana Thornveld, characterised by open Acacia karroo woodlands occurring in valleys, slightly undulating plains and some lowland hills.
A total of 90 indigenous mammal species have been recorded in the Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve. These include the klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus), sable antelope (Hippotragus niger), leopard (Panthera pardus) and brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea). The bird diversity in the area is exceptional. In total, 46.6% of the bird species recorded in the southern African sub-region are found in the reserve.[3] These include the Cape vulture (Gyps coprotheras), secretary bird (Sagittarius serpentarius), great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus), martial eagle (Polemaetus belliccosus) and African grass-owl (Tyto capensis).
