Next Polish parliamentary election

The election succeeds a declining vote share for the Law and Justice (PiS) party since the 2023 parliamentary election. The election follows the 2025 presidential election, where the party's candidate, Karol Nawrocki, scored a major upset victory against Rafał Trzaskowski of the Civic Coalition.

Following a warming of relations between PiS, led by Jarosław Kaczyński, and the far-right Confederation (KWiN), led by libertarian Sławomir Mentzen and nationalist Krzysztof Bosak, during the 2025 presidential election, PiS changed course to clash with the Confederation. The turn of relations began with PiS issuing and asking the Confederation to sign onto the "Polish declaration" (Polish: Deklaracja polska), which included points such as "housing as a right, not a commodity" that conflicted with KWiN's economically liberal policies, as well as promises to never form a coalition with the ruling Civic Coalition.^[1] On 12 September 2025, Kaczyński condemned the inclusion of Mentzen in a possible coalition, comparing the worldview promoted by the Confederation to Pinochetism.^[2]

In late 2025, Law and Justice saw reignition of its internal conflict between the moderate faction of former prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki and the radical faction of Przemysław Czarnek. Despite attempts by Morawiecki to regain his power, the party shifted further to the right, and Morawiecki's faction became increasingly marginalized.^[3] The radical faction of the party led by Czarnek^[h] was given initiative over the party's electoral program for the upcoming parliamentary election.^[4] On 7 March 2026, Czarnek was named as Law and Justice's candidate for the office of Prime Minister.^[5]

Following the 2025 presidential election, the four coalition parties entered a season of internal leadership elections and reorganization, beginning with the Civic Coalition (KO) alliance uniting its three main member parties into a party of the same name at the Civic Coalition unification congress as a beginning step of their 2027 campaign,^[6] followed by upcoming leadership elections in the Polish People's Party, New Left, KO and Poland 2050 — the last being most prominent, with leader Szymon Hołownia retiring amid poor performances of the party to enter a career in international politics, and its leadership election scheduled for January 2026.^[7] The Polish People's Party, New Left and Civic Coalition reelected their leaders unanimously,^[8][9] meanwhile Poland 2050's election was controversial, polarizing and competetive. Despite Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz narrowly emerging victorious over Paulina Hennig-Kloska, the latter and her supporters split off to form Centre.

A single electoral list of some of the coalition parties was hypothesized as a way to maximize the seat share of the incumbent government.^[10][11]

The Sejm is elected by party-list proportional representation with seats allocated via the d'Hondt method in multi-seat constituencies,^[12] with a 5% threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for national minorities).

The date of the election will be set by the President of Poland. If the election is not called early, it has to take place within 30 days before the expiration of the current term and fall on a non-working day. The possible dates are:

• 17 October 2027 (Sunday)
• 24 October 2027 (Sunday)
• 31 October 2027 (Sunday)
• 1 November 2027 (All Saints' Day)
• 7 November 2027 (Sunday)
• 11 November 2027 (National Independence Day)

The Civic Coalition is a coalition made up of Civic Coalition (merger of Civic Platform, Modern, and Polish Initiative) and the Greens. The PO had been Poland's second largest party in the Sejm since 2015, and earned the largest number of votes in the 2024 EP election. They were the leading party of government from 2007 to 2015 and were members of the European People's Party Group (EPP Group). In October 2025, PO and its minor partners within the Civic Coalition merged into a single party of the same name, while the Greens opted to remain separate.

Law and Justice is a right-wing populist party that governed Poland following its electoral list alone gaining a majority of seats between 2015 and 2023 and was also the leading party of a minority and later coalition government from 2005 to 2007. It is a member of the European Conservatives and Reformists Group.

Poland 2050 is a centre-right party led by Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz who was elected in January 2026 to replace outgoing Szymon Hołownia, a longtime party leader who was a journalist and presenter before entering politics in 2020. It is a Christian democratic party with socially conservative, liberal-conservative and pro-European views. In the 2023 election, it ran together with the Polish People's Party in the Third Way alliance, which was dissolved in June 2025. It represents the conservative faction of the ruling coalition.

The Polish People's Party is the oldest still functioning party in Poland. Originally founded in 1895 as an agrarian peasant movement, its identity constantly shifted over time. From 1990 to late 2000s, it acted as a left-wing, agrarian socialist but socially conservative post-communist party; after forming a coalition with the Civic Platform in 2007, it shifted towards the centre and embraced economic liberalism, and it subsequently became a right-wing party in the 2010s. The shift solidified with the election of Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz as leader in 2015. It entered the government coalition in 2023 where it acted as a right-wing force, blocking socially liberal reforms.

The New Left is composed of social liberals and social democrats. The alliance's main predecessor, Democratic Left Alliance has been in government coalitions twice, in 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. NL is a member of the Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group.

Confederation is a de jure party but de facto coalition of New Hope and the National Movement. They hold a mixture of right-libertarian, right-wing populist and nationalist views. They are members of Europe of Sovereign Nations Group (New Hope) and Patriots for Europe (National Movement).

Razem is a social democratic and progressive party,^[13][14] with democratic socialist and social liberal elements.^[15][16] It was elected as part of The Left alliance together with New Left and became a part of the ruling coalition, but it left the government and moved to opposition in October 2024 in protest of the ruling parties' austerity economic policy.^[17] The party fielded its own candidate in the 2025 Polish presidential election,^[18] and is considered likely to run independently in the next parliamentary election as well.^[19]

Confederation of the Polish Crown is a Catholic fundamentalist and monarchist political party led by Grzegorz Braun.^[20] It was part of the Confederation coalition until January 2025, when Braun was expelled from the alliance.^[21] In the 2025 Polish presidential election, Braun won 6.34% of the popular vote, gaining fourth place, even though he was only seventh in the polls.^[22] Following this unexpected success, Braun announced the creation of a "broad fire extinguisher front" to contest the next parliamentary election, which would represent "the right that is truly anti-systemic, not drifting towards the centre" and which is "truly national and Catholic".^[23] In 2025, it formed an electoral alliance to the Senate with Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy, which received 1.86% of the vote to the Sejm and 4.91% to the Senate in 2023.

Direct Democracy is a small right-wing parliamentary group based on the previous party of Paweł Kukiz and Marek Jakubiak, Kukiz'15.^[24] Its 4 MPs were elected in the 2023 election from the electoral lists of Law and Justice and then formed its own independent parliamentary group. The party ran in the 2025 presidential election, where its leader Jakubiak won 0.77% of the popular vote in the first round, and subsequently endorsed Karol Nawrocki, the candidate of PiS, for the second. The party seeks to present a right-wing alternative based on uniting patriotic movements as well as those disappointed with the agricultural policies of PiS.^[25][26] The circle removed Jakubiak on 27 January 2026,^[27] renaming itself to Direct Democracy,^[28] and Jarosław Sachajko becoming its new leader.

The upset victory of Law and Justice (PiS)-endorsed Karol Nawrocki at the country's 2025 presidential election revealed a change in the Polish political landscape. Following the presidential election, right-wing parties overtook the governing coalition in opinion polls for a short time to then drop again. However, the shift favoured the far-right rather than the mainstream PiS which saw an ever widening polling deficit between it and KO, despite the victory of Nawrocki.^[29]

The far-right Confederation Liberty and Independence (KWiN) and Confederation of the Polish Crown (KKP) surged in popularity after their candidates, Sławomir Mentzen and Grzegorz Braun, respectively, overperformed in the presidential election — with Mentzen earning 15% of the vote, and Braun 6%. Braun's party became a significant political factor as the most anti-establishment party,^[30] and polls in November and December showed a quarter of Poles wanted Braun to enter the next cabinet.^[31] In late 2025, PiS scored its worst polling results in years, with polls suggesting many of their voters defecting to KKP and KWiN,^[32] although especially the former — a December 2025 Onet report estimated that 64% of KKP voters had voted for PiS in the previous election, whereas only 30% of KWiN's supporters voted for PiS two years prior.^[33] As the two Confederations grew in support, a February 2026 poll showed that most voters for right-wing parties overwhelmingly supported a broad right-wing coalition including PiS, KWiN and KKP.^[34] With its newfound popularity, the KKP identified itself around the "broad fire extinguisher front", coalescing anti-establishment forces.^[35]

PiS began its post-presidential election campaign by issuing "Polish declaration" (Polish: Deklaracja polska) outlining basic stances of the party in July 2025.^[1] On 24–25 October 2025, the party held a programmatic convention in Katowice titled "Myśląc: Polska" (English: Thinking: Poland).^[36] During the convention, chairman Kaczyński commented on the situation in the country, highlighting economic matters, healthcare and security as Poland's most important issues. He condemned European integration, describing it as German imperialism and erosion of Polish statehood.^[37] The convention included 128 panels^[38] discussing a wide range of topics and conceptual ideas such as a universal basic income of 500 PLN, a voucher for home-buying families or automatic tax payment by AI.^[39]

In November 2025, Law and Justice gave initiative over the party's electoral program for the upcoming parliamentary election to Przemysław Czarnek, Mariusz Błaszczak, Tobiasz Bocheński, Patryk Jaki and Jacek Sasin.^[4] On 7 March 2026, PiS held another convention in Kraków, where Czarnek was named as the party's candidate for the office of Prime Minister,^[5] shifting the party in an ideological and right-wing direction, seeking to pursue Confederation and KKP voters in a "Czarnek effect".^[40] However, early opinion polls showed Czarnek to be a largely unpopular choice, with him seeing approval of only around a quarter of Polish society.^[41] Despite losing the nomination to Czarnek, Morawiecki also continued campaigning on the behalf of PiS. On 31 March, Morawiecki proposed a "One-Speed Poland" program of subsidizing undeveloped gminas with 500 PLN per inhabitant.^[42] On 15 April, Morawiecki created an association separate from PiS structures, the "Growth Plus Association", aiming to coalesce people dissatisfied with existing right-wing parties. Regardless, he reaffirmed his loyalty to Law and Justice.^[43]

Nearing the halfway point of the parliament's term, the Civic Coalition (KO)'s governmental coalition partners—the Third Way alliance (PL2050, PSL) and the New Left—declined in support, with their voters defecting in large part to KO. As the topic of persecuting PiS declined in importance outside of its core electorate,^[44] KO oriented its campaign message on the rise of Grzegorz Braun's KKP^[45] and alarming about the prospect of a Polish withdrawal from the European Union.^[46] In relation to the government's laws being vetoed by president Karol Nawrocki, KO engaged on a media campaign titling the president a "vetomat" (Polish: wetomat).^[47] In April, Tusk selected ten party members to prepare the party for the upcoming parliamentary election: Aleksandra Gajewska, Monika Rosa, Małgorzata Gromadzka, Cezary Tomczyk, Paweł Bliźniuk, Maciej Wróbel, Maciej Tomczykiewicz, Arkadiusz Marchewka, Andrzej Domański and Adam Szłapka.^[48]