Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Drug that inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.[1] They work by competitively and/or noncompetitively inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT).[1]
| Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor | |
|---|---|
| Drug class | |
 Methylphenidate, one of the most widely used NDRIs. | |
| Class identifiers | |
| Use | ADHD, depression, narcolepsy |
| Mechanism of action | reuptake inhibitor |
| Biological target | norepinephrine transporter (NET), dopamine transporter (DAT) |
| Legal status | |
| In Wikidata | |
NDRIs are used clinically in the treatment of conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and depression. Examples of well-known NDRIs include methylphenidate and bupropion.
A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA).
List of NDRIs
Many NDRIs exist, including the following:
- Amineptine (Survector, Maneon, Directim)
- Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)[2]
- Desoxypipradrol (2-DPMP)
- Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
- Difemetorex (Cleofil)
- Diphenylprolinol (D2PM)
- Ethylphenidate
- Fencamfamine (Glucoenergan, Reactivan)
- Fencamine (Altimina, Sicoclor)
- Lefetamine (Santenol)
- Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate, Methylin, Foquest, Medikinet)
- Nomifensine (Merital)
- O-2172
- Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil, Carphedon)
- Pipradrol (Meretran)
- Prolintane (Promotil, Katovit)
- Pyrovalerone (Centroton, Thymergix)
- Solriamfetol (Sunosi)
- Tametraline (CP-24,411)
- WY-46824
Some NDRIs, such as methylphenidate, may not act as simple NDRIs but rather as DAT "inverse agonists" (and possibly also analogously at the NET as well).[3] If this theory is correct, then methylphenidate and other agents like cocaine may not be acting primarily as monoamine reuptake inhibitors but instead as robust monoamine releasing agent-esque drugs, albeit via a different mechanism of action than conventional substrate-type monoamine releasing agents.[3]
Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs) like amphetamine and methamphetamine not only induce monoamine release but also act as monoamine reuptake inhibitors to a lesser extent and hence are additionally NDRIs.[4][5]