North Fork Kings River

North Fork Kings River
North Fork Kings River
Map of the Kings River watershed, including the North Fork
Location
Country	United States
State	California
Physical characteristics

Source	Sierra Nevada
• location	Fresno County
• coordinates	37°03′48″N 118°44′05″W / 37.06333°N 118.73472°W / 37.06333; -118.73472^[1]
• elevation	11,280 ft (3,440 m)

Mouth	Kings River
• location	Rodgers Crossing, Fresno County
• coordinates	36°52′10″N 119°08′06″W / 36.86944°N 119.13500°W / 36.86944; -119.13500^[1]
• elevation	1,020 ft (310 m)
Length	40.3 mi (64.9 km)^[2]
Basin size	387 sq mi (1,000 km²)^[2]

Discharge
• location	Balch Camp, including Balch Powerhouse diversion^[3]^[4]
• average	715 cu ft/s (20.2 m³/s)^[3]^[4]
• minimum	6.4 cu ft/s (0.18 m³/s)
• maximum	27,400 cu ft/s (780 m³/s)

Basin features
River system	Kings River basin
Tributaries
• right	Helms Creek, Dinkey Creek (California)

The North Fork Kings River is a 40.3-mile (64.9 km)^[2] tributary of the Kings River, in the U.S. state of California. The river's main stem is entirely within Fresno County, and its watershed drains about 387 square miles (1,000 km²) of the southern Sierra Nevada mountain range.

It rises at an elevation of 11,380 feet (3,470 m) on the western border of the Sierra National Forest in an unnamed pond a mile (1.6 km) south of Mount Reinstein. It flows west through a high, lake-studded alpine basin before dropping into a deep valley. The river receives Post Corral and Helms creeks from the right before emptying into Wishon Reservoir, formed by the Wishon Dam. Flowing southwards into a gorge, the river then receives Rancheria Creek from the left, then turns southwest into Black Rock Reservoir. After this reservoir, it flows west and receives Patterson Creek from the right, and is impounded again at a small diversion dam. Shortly afterwards it receives Dinkey Creek, its largest tributary, from the right at Balch Camp, then turns south, flowing into the Kings River just northwest of Rodgers Crossing.^[5]

River modifications

An extensive hydroelectric system is located along the North Fork. Below the Wishon Dam the North Fork flows through a gorge with a massive drop in elevation and is used to generate conventional hydroelectricity at two stations along its course. A 6-mile (9.7 km) tunnel from Wishon Reservoir carries water to the 128 megawatt underground Haas Powerhouse, where the water drops 850 feet (260 m) to power the turbines.^[6] Black Rock Reservoir serves as the afterbay for the Haas Powerhouse and forebay for Balch Powerhouse, located another 3 miles (4.8 km) downstream. Below that is the Kings River Powerhouse, which discharges water directly into Pine Flat Lake.

The Balch Powerhouse is one of the oldest hydro developments on the Kings River, originally completed in 1927 by San Joaquin Light & Power, a predecessor of Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). It was only after the Balch Powerhouse was incorporated into PG&E's system that plans were finalized for the Haas Powerhouse, which was completed in 1959. Construction on the big storage dams at Wishon and Courtright Reservoir were completed in 1962. The North Fork system was at one point, in the 1940s, the subject of a local controversy regarding whether it should be developed by the federal government or a private company (PG&E). Farmers feared that the federal plan would involve moving water south as part of the Central Valley Project, reducing what was available for local use. On the other hand, PG&E was willing to negotiate with the farmers for the use of reservoir water, and more importantly, its project would involve no transbasin diversions, keeping all the water in the Kings River system. The debate was settled in 1949 when PG&E was allowed to construct the Wishon and Courtright dams.^[7]

Wishon Reservoir and Courtright Reservoir, respectively, are the lower and upper reservoirs for the Helms Pumped Storage Plant, which at 1,212 megawatts is one of the largest pumped-storage hydroelectricity plants in the United States. Water is pumped into Courtright Reservoir during times of low demand and released into Wishon Reservoir to generate peaking power. Also owned by PG&E, the plant was built between 1977 and 1984.

v t e Tulare Basin hydrography
Kings River	North Fork Kings River South Fork Kings River Middle Fork Kings River Roaring River Dinkey Creek Kings Canyon Pine Flat Dam Pine Flat Lake Rodgers Crossing Dam (proposed)
Kaweah River	North Fork Kaweah River Middle Fork Kaweah River Marble Fork Kaweah River East Fork Kaweah River South Fork Kaweah River Lime Kiln Creek Paradise Creek Horse Creek St. John's River Kaweah Canyon Mineral King Terminus Dam Lake Kaweah
Tule River	North Fork Tule River Middle Fork Tule River South Fork Tule River North Branch Tule River South Branch Tule River Success Dam Lake Success
Kern River	Buena Vista Lake Buena Vista Slough Canebrake Creek Clear Creek Connecting Slough Golden Trout Creek Isabella Dam Lake Isabella Kern River Canyon Kern River Slough Kern Lake Lake Evans Lake Webb Little Kern River Poso Creek Rock Creek South Fork Kern River
Other	Tulare Lake California Aqueduct Friant-Kern Canal Mill Creek White River

v t e John Muir Wilderness
Mountains	Abbot Agassiz Baldwin Baxter Bloody Cirque Crocker Dade Four Gables Goodale Graveyard Herlihy Hilgard Hopkins Humphreys Huntington Hutton Izaak Walton Julius Caesar Kearsarge Laurel Middle Palisade Mills Morgan Morrison Muir Norman Clyde North Palisade Palisade Crest Pilot Knob Red and White Red Slate Sawmill Point Seven Gables Sill Split Stanford Starr Temple Crag Thunderbolt Tom Tyndall University Whitney Williamson
Rivers	Bishop Creek North Fork Kings River Morgan Creek Rock Creek South Fork San Joaquin River
Lakes	Dingleberry Disappointment Hell for Sure Loch Leven Lone Indian Mills Nüümü Hu Hupi Pee Wee Virginia
Trails	John Muir Trail Pacific Crest Trail

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
Other	IdRef

North Fork Kings River

River modifications

See also

References

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