PABPC1

The poly(A)-binding protein (PAB or PABP), which is found complexed to the 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA, is required for poly(A) lengthening and the termination of translation. In humans, the PABPs comprise a small nuclear isoform and a conserved gene family of other poly(A)-binding proteins.^[7]

PABPC1 is usually diffused within the cytoplasm and concentrated at sites of high mRNA concentration such as stress granules, processing bodies, and locations of high translational activity. PABPC1 is also associated with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). PABPC1 binds to the poly(A) tail and interact with eIF4G, which stabilizes the circularization of mRNAs. This structure is required for the prevention of mRNA degradation via NMD.^[8]

In the nucleus PABP1 binds to the poly(A) tails of pre-mRNAs to facilitate stability, export, transport, and degradation. PABP1 binding is also required for Nonsense-mediated decay. PABPC1 contains four RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs). The first two, RRM1 and RRM2, bind both α-importin and the poly(A) tail of processed mRNA. This feature prevents mRNA from going back into the nucleus.^[6]

PABPC1 has been shown to interact with:

• ANAPC5,^[9]
• CNOT7,^[10]
• EIF4G3,^[11]
• EIF4G1,^[11]
• GSPT2,^[12]
• PAIP1,^[13][14] and
• PAIP2.^[15]