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Please replace the original text below with edited text. I have just made changes in sentence structure and grammar for better reading. I have made no changes to the content or references.
Original text:
Early in his career, Carnes worked on editing projects, including The Compensations of War: The Diary of an Ambulance Driver during the Great War (1983)[1] and Dictionary of American Biography, Supplements 8-9 (1988), co-edited with John Garraty.[2] His first book, Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America (1989), argued that middle-class men, responding to the feminization of religion and women's predominant role in childrearing, sought refuge in fraternal organizations such as the Freemasons and Odd Fellows. These groups fostered a secret, male-exclusive culture through elaborate initiatory rituals that functioned as an alternative form of religion and family structure.[3] He also co-edited Meanings for Manhood: Constructions of Masculinity in Victorian America (1990) with Clyde Griffen, an early work in the field of men's history.[4]
In 1989, the American Council of Learned Societies selected Garraty and Carnes to develop the American National Biography as a successor to the Dictionary of American Biography. Published in 1999, the 24-volume work contained 17,400 entries totaling 20 million words. The Times of London remarked, "Not since putting a man on the Moon has an American organisation undertaken such an ambitious logistical project."[5] The American National Biography was released in both print and online formats, winning the R.R. Hawkins Award for Outstanding Scholarly Work from the Association of American Publishers (1999)[6] and the Waldo G. Leland Prize from the American Historical Association (2001).[7]
Prior to this, in 2001, Carnes published Novel History: Historians and Novelists Confront America's Past (and Each Other).[8] In 2004, he succeeded Oscar Handlin as series editor of the Library of American Biography.[9]
Carnes's Reacting to the Past games have been published as six books. In Minds on Fire: How Role-Immersion Games Transform College (2014), he argued that American colleges had long struggled to compete with subversive play worlds such as literary societies, fraternities, football culture, drinking, and video games, which absorbed students' energies.[10] He contended that intellectualized role-playing games like Reacting to the Past effectively harnessed those motivational energies.[11]
Edited text:
Early in his career, Carnes worked on several editorial projects, including The Compensations of War: The Diary of an Ambulance Driver during the Great War (1983)[12] and the Dictionary of American Biography, Supplements 8–9 (1988), co-edited with John Garraty.[13] His first monograph, Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America (1989), argued that middle-class men, responding to the feminization of religion and women's central role in childrearing, turned to fraternal organizations such as the Freemasons and Odd Fellows. These groups, through elaborate initiatory rituals, cultivated male-exclusive cultures that served as substitutes for both religion and family life.[14] He also co-edited Meanings for Manhood: Constructions of Masculinity in Victorian America (1990) with Clyde Griffen, an early work in the field of men's history.[15]
In 1989, the American Council of Learned Societies selected Garraty and Carnes to develop the American National Biography as the successor to the Dictionary of American Biography. Published in 1999, the 24-volume reference work contained 17,400 entries totaling 20 million words. Commenting on the effort, The Times of London wrote "Not since putting a man on the Moon has an American organisation undertaken such an ambitious logistical project."[16] Released in both print and online editions, the American National Biography won the R.R. Hawkins Award for Outstanding Scholarly Work from the Association of American Publishers (1999)[17] and the Waldo G. Leland Prize from the American Historical Association (2001).[18]
Carnes continued to explore the intersection of history and culture in later works. He published Novel History: Historians and Novelists Confront America's Past (and Each Other) in 2001,[19] and in 2004 succeeded Oscar Handlin as series editor of the Library of American Biography.[20] His work on Reacting to the Past eventually resulted in the publication of six books. In his book Minds on Fire: How Role-Immersion Games Transform College (2014), he argued that American higher education had long struggled to compete with the allure of student subcultures such as fraternities, athletics, drinking, and video games.[21] He contended that intellectualized role-playing games like Reacting to the Past effectively harnessed those motivational energies.[22] HRShami (talk) 04:42, 1 October 2025 (UTC)
References
Bowerman, Guy Emerson; Carnes, Mark C., eds. (1983). The Compensations of War: The Diary of an Ambulance Driver during the Great War. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292749177. OCLC 654152858. Anderson, Gary Claytron; Carnes, Mark, eds. (2011). Will Rogers and "his" America. Prentice Hall, Boston. OCLC 565686890. Toppo, Greg (March 29, 2015). "Learning history by acting it out". News-Press. p. Z1.
Bowerman, Guy Emerson; Carnes, Mark C., eds. (1983). The Compensations of War: The Diary of an Ambulance Driver during the Great War. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292749177. OCLC 654152858. Anderson, Gary Claytron; Carnes, Mark, eds. (2011). Will Rogers and "his" America. Prentice Hall, Boston. OCLC 565686890. Toppo, Greg (March 29, 2015). "Learning history by acting it out". News-Press. p. Z1.
Done Uncontroversial wording and format change. --The Robot Parade 16:04, 24 December 2025 (UTC)
