Turnpike trusts in the East of England
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This is a list of turnpike trusts that maintained roads in the East of England.
Between 1663 and 1836, the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed a series of acts of Parliament that created organisations – turnpike trusts – that collected road tolls, and used the money to repair the road. These applied to major roads, around a fifth of the road network.[1] The turnpike system was phased out in the 1870s, and major roads transitioned in the 1880s to the maintenance of the new county councils.
The counties used for these lists are the historic counties of England that existed at the time of the turnpike trusts. This article lists those in the east of England: Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Norfolk and Suffolk.
| Trust | Founded | Initial act | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citation | Title | ||
| 1772 | 12 Geo. 3. c. 107 | Bedford Roads (No. 2) Act 1772 An Act for repairing and widening the Road from the Forty-eighth Mile Stone, in the Parish of Cardington, in the present Turnpike Road between Hitchin and Bedford, to Great Barford Bridge; and for continuing a Road from thence to the Great Northern Road near Temsford Bridge, in the County of Bedford. |
| 1795 | 35 Geo. 3. c. 148 | Bedford to Kimbolton Road Act 1795 An Act for repairing, widening, and altering, the road leading from The Way Post, at the north-east end of the town of Bedford, in the county of Bedford, to the north-east end of a lane, in the parish of Kimbolton, in the county of Huntingdon, called The Park Lane. |
| 1726 | 13 Geo. 1. c. 17 | Luton and Saint Albans Road Act 1726 An Act for amending and repairing the Road from Luton, in the County of Bedford, to Westwood Gate, in the said County. |
| 1754 | 27 Geo. 2. c. 34 | Bedford and Buckinghamshire Roads (No. 2) Act 1754 An Act for repairing and widening the High Road, from a Place called Saint Loyds, in the Town of Bedford, through the Parishes of Bromham, Stagsden, Astwood, Hardmead, and Chichley, to the Way Post in Sherrington Field, where the said Road joins the High Road from the Town of Olney to the Town of Newport Pagnell; and also the High Road from Bromham aforesaid, through the Parishes of Turvey and Colebrayfield, to the Town of Launden, otherwise Lavenden, in the Counties of Bedford and Buckingham; and for applying Part of the Money arising thereby, towards repairing, re-building, or widening, Sherrington Bridge, in the Road from the said Way Post to the Town of Newport Pagnell. |
| 1777 | 17 Geo. 3. c. 94 | Bedford Roads Act 1777 An Act for repairing and widening the Road from Stall-gate Close, at the South-west End of the Town of Bedford, to the Town of Ampthill, and from the said Town of Ampthill to Woburn Park, in the County of Bedford; and also the Road branching out of the same, in Kempston Field, to the Turnpike Road leading from Hitchin to the said Town of Bedford. |
| 1724 | 11 Geo. 1. c. 20 | Bedfordshire Roads Act 1724 An Act for repairing and amending the Road from Biggleswade, in the County of Bedford, to Bugden, and through Alconberry, to the Top of Alconberry Hill, or Cross Post leading into Sautery Lane, on the York and Edinburgh Road; and from the said Town of Bugden, to the Town of Huntingdon; and from Cross Hall, in Eaton Sokon, in the said County of Bedford, to Great Stoughton Common, in the said County of Huntingdon. |
| 1802 | 42 Geo. 3. c. lxiv | Road from Great Staughton to Lavendon Act 1802 An Act for repairing, widening, and altering the Road leading from the South End of Brown's Lane, in the Parish of Great Staughton, in the County of Huntingdon, to the Bedford Turnpike Road in the Parish of Lavendon, in the County of Buckingham. |
| 1757 | 30 Geo. 2. c. 43 | Hertford and Bedford Roads Act 1757 An Act for amending, widening, and keeping in Repair, the Road from the Town of Hitchin in the County of Hertford, through the Town of Shefford and Carrington Cotton End, to a Lane opposite a Farm-house called Saint Leonard's, leading into the Turnpike Road from St. Alban's to the Town of Bedford; and also the Road from the Turning out of the aforesaid Road into Henlow Field to Gerford Bridge; and also the Road from the Town of Henlow, over Henlow Bridge, to Arlesey in the County of Bedford. |
| 1706 | 6 Ann. c. 13 | Bedfordshire Highways Act 1706 An Act for repairing the Highway between Hockliffe and Wooborne, in the County of Bedford. |
| 1726 | 13 Geo. 1. c. 17 | Luton and Saint Albans Road Act 1726 An Act for amending and repairing the Road from Luton, in the County of Bedford, to Westwood Gate, in the said County. |
| 1814 | 54 Geo. 3. c. clxxx | Road from Potton to the Gamlingay and Eynesbury Road Act 1814 An Act for repairing the Road from Potton in the County of Bedford, and Gamlingay in the County of Cambridge, to Eynesbury in the County of Huntingdon. |
| 1710 | 9 Ann. c. 34 | Dunstable Highways Act 1710 An Act for repairing the Highways between Dunstable and Hockley, in the County of Bedford. |
Cambridgeshire
| Trust | Founded | Initial act | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citation | Title | ||
| 1797 | 37 Geo. 3. c. 179 | Cambridge and Arrington Roads Act 1797 An Act for amending, altering, improving, and keeping in repair, the road leading from the town of Cambridge, into the old north road near Arrington Bridge, all in the county of Cambridge. |
| 1763 | 3 Geo. 3. c. 36 | Cambridge and Ely Roads Act 1763 An Act for repairing, widening, turning, and keeping in Repair, the Road from the Town of Cambridge to Ely, and from thence to Soham; and for building a Bridge cross the River Ouze, at or near a Place called Stretham Ferry, in the County of Cambridge. |
| 1724 | 11 Geo. 1. c. 14 | Cambridge Roads Act 1724 An Act for repairing part of the Road from London to Cambridge, beginning at the End of the Parish of Foulmire, in the said County, next to Barly, in the County of Hertford, and ending at the Pavement in Trumpington Street, in the Town of Cambridge. |
| 1824 | 5 Geo. 4. c. lx | Cambridge and Ely Roads Act 1824 An Act for amending and improving the Road from Cambridge to Ely, and other Roads therein mentioned, in the County of Cambridge; and for making a Road from or near the Town of Littleport in the Isle of Ely, to the Ferry or Floating Bridge over the Hundred Feet River, in the Parish of Welney in the County of Norfolk. |
| 1723 | 10 Geo. 1. c. 12 | Cambridge Roads Act 1723 An Act for repairing the Roads leading from Stump Cross, in the Parish of Chesterford, in the County of Essex, to Newmarket Heath, and the Town of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge. |
| 1763 | 3 Geo. 3. c. 32 | Newmarket and Cambridge Road Act 1763 An Act for repairing the Roads from Newmarket, over Newmarket Heath, to the Turnpike Road leading to Stump Cross, in the Counties of Cambridge and Suffolk. | |
| 1744 | 18 Geo. 2. c. 23 | Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire Roads Act 1744 An Act to repair and widen the Road leading from Godmanchester, in the County of Huntingdon, through Fen-Stanton and Cambridge, to the First Rubbing-House on Newmarket Heath, in the County of Cambridge. |
| 1815 | 55 Geo. 3. c. xlix | Cambridge to Newmarket Heath Road Act 1815 An Act for more effectually repairing the Road from Jesus Lane in the Town of Cambridge, to Newmarket Heath, in the County of Cambridge. | |
| 1766 | 6 Geo. 3. c. 84 | Cambridge Roads Act 1766 An Act for repairing and widening the Road leading from the present Turnpike Road at Haverhill to Red Cross in the Parish of Shelford, in the County of Cambridge. |
| 1710 | 9 Ann. c. 14 | Royston and Wandesford Bridge Road Act 1710 An Act for repairing and amending the Highways leading from Royston, in the County of Hertford, to Wandesford Bridge, in the County of Huntington. |
| 1772 | 12 Geo. 3. c. 90 | St. Neots to Cambridge Road Act 1772 An Act for repairing and widening the Road from the West End of Saint Ive's Lane, in the Town of Saint Neot's, in the County of Huntingdon, to the Pavement at the End of Bell Lane in the Town of Cambridge. |
| 1723 | 10 Geo. 1. c. 12 | Cambridge Roads Act 1723 An Act for repairing the Roads leading from Stump Cross, in the Parish of Chesterford, in the County of Essex, to Newmarket Heath, and the Town of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge. |
| 1765 | 5 Geo. 3. c. 74 | Cambridge Roads Act 1765 An Act for enlarging the Powers of several Acts, for repairing the Road from Stump Cross to Newmarket Heath, and from the Town of Cambridge, and from Foulmire to Cambridge, and other Roads adjoining thereto, so far as the same relate to the Road from Foulmire to Cambridge, and the said other Roads adjoining thereto. | |
| |||
| 1810 | 50 Geo. 3. c. lxxiv | Wisbech and Thorney Road Act 1810 An Act for making and maintaining a Turnpike Road from the Town of Wisbech in the Isle of Ely, in the County of Cambridge, to the Town of Thorney in the same Isle and County. |
| 1826 | 7 Geo. 4. c. xxix | Wimpole and Potton Road (Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire) Act 1826 An Act for making and maintaining a Turnpike Road from Wimpole in the County of Cambridge to Wrestlingworth in the County of Bedford, and from Wrestlingworth to Potton, both in the said County of Bedford. |
Essex
| Trust | Founded | Initial act | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citation | Title | ||
| 1808 | 48 Geo. 3. c. xcii | Tilbury Fort Road Act 1808 An Act for making and maintaining a Road from the Romford and Whitechapel Road, to or near to Tilbury Fort, in the County of Essex. |
| 1695 | 7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 9 | London to Harwich Roads Act 1695 An Act for repairing the Highways betweene the City of London and the Towne of Harwich in the County of Essex. |
| 1765 | 5 Geo. 3. c. 60 | Essex, Suffolk, and Hertford Roads Act 1765 An Act for continuing and rendering more effectual Two Acts, passed in the Twelfth Year of King George the First, and the Twentieth of His late Majesty, for repairing the several Roads therein mentioned, in the Counties of Essex and Suffolk; and for repairing and widening several other Roads, in the Counties of Essex and Hertford. |
| 1695 | 7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 9 | London to Harwich Roads Act 1695 An Act for repairing the Highways betweene the City of London and the Towne of Harwich in the County of Essex. |
| 1725 | 12 Geo. 1. c. 23 | Essex Roads Act 1725 An Act for repairing the Roads leading from the Western Part of the Parish of Shenfield to Harwich, in the County of Essex; and the Road leading from Chelmsford, in the said County, to Sudbury, in the County of Suffolk; and from Margreting to Malden, in the County of Essex; and from Colchester to Langham, in the same County. |
| 1787 | 27 Geo. 3. c. 69 | Epping and Ongar Road Act 1787 An Act for continuing and enlarging the Term and Powers of several Acts made in the Tenth Year of the Reign of King George the First, the Sixteenth Year of the Reign of King George the Second, and the Ninth Year of the Reign of His present Majesty, for repairing the Road from the North Part of Harlow Bush Common in the Parish of Harlow, to Woodford in the County of Essex; and for repairing and widening the Road from Epping through the Parishes of Northweald Bassett, Bobbingworth, High Ongar, Chipping Ongar, and Shelley, to the Four Want Way in the said Parish of Shelley, and from thence through the Parishes of High Ongar and Norton Mandeville to the Parish of Writtle in the said County. | |
| 1695 | 7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 9 | London to Harwich Roads Act 1695 An Act for repairing the Highways betweene the City of London and the Towne of Harwich in the County of Essex. |
| 1725 | 12 Geo. 1. c. 23 | Essex Roads Act 1725 An Act for repairing the Roads leading from the Western Part of the Parish of Shenfield to Harwich, in the County of Essex; and the Road leading from Chelmsford, in the said County, to Sudbury, in the County of Suffolk; and from Margreting to Malden, in the County of Essex; and from Colchester to Langham, in the same County. |
| 1743 | 17 Geo. 2. c. 9 | Essex and Hertfordshire Roads Act 1743 An Act for repairing and widening the Road leading from a Place called Harlow Bush Common, in the Parish of Harlow, in the County of Essex, to Stump Cross, in the Parish of Great Chesterford, in the said County. |
| 1721 | 8 Geo. 1. c. 30 | Whitechapel Highways Act 1721 An Act for repairing the Highways from The Stones-end at White Chappel Church, in the County of Middlesex, to Shenfield, and to the furthermost Part of the Parish of Woodford, leading to the Town of Epping, in the County of Essex. |
| 1725 | 12 Geo. 1. c. 23 | Essex Roads Act 1725 An Act for repairing the Roads leading from the Western Part of the Parish of Shenfield to Harwich, in the County of Essex; and the Road leading from Chelmsford, in the said County, to Sudbury, in the County of Suffolk; and from Margreting to Malden, in the County of Essex; and from Colchester to Langham, in the same County. |
| 1746 | 20 Geo. 2. c. 7 | Essex Roads Act 1746 An Act for enlarging the Term and Powers granted by an Act, passed in the Twelfth Year of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the First, intituled, "An Act for repairing the Roads leading from the Western Part of the Parish of Shenfield to Harwich, in the County of Essex, and the Road leading from Chelmsford, in the said County, to Sudbury, in the County of Suffolk, and from Margretting to Malden, in the County of Essex, and from Colchester to Langham, in the same County," and for repairing other Roads adjoining to the same Roads. |
| 1695 | 7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 9 | London to Harwich Roads Act 1695 An Act for repairing the Highways betweene the City of London and the Towne of Harwich in the County of Essex. |
| 1793 | 33 Geo. 3. c. 149 | Essex Roads (No. 2) Act 1793 An Act for repairing and widening the Roads from Hadley Turnpike Gate to Stifford Bridge, and from a Farm House called Tarpotts, to the Town of South Benfleet, and from the Pound in the Town of Brentwood to Tilbury Fort, and from Billericay to Horndon-on-the-Hill, and from Stanford Bridge to Purfleet, in the County of Essex. |
Hertfordshire
| Trust | Founded | Initial act | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citation | Title | ||
| 1769 | 9 Geo. 3. c. 86 | Hertford and Cambridge Roads Act 1769 An Act for repairing the Roads leading from the Turnpike Road in Tring, in the County of Hertford, through Dunstable, Hitchin, Baldick, and Royston, to the Turnpike Road at or near Bourn Bridge, and from the West End of Wellbury Lane to the Turnpike Road at the South End of Barton, in the Counties of Hertford, Bucks, Bedford, and Cambridge. |
| 1724 | 11 Geo. 1. c. 11 | Hertford and Ware Roads Act 1724 An Act for repairing the Roads therein mentioned, from the Parish of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, to the Town of Hertford, and to the great Bridge in Ware, in the County of Hertford. |
| 1722 | 9 Geo. 1. c. 11 | Dunstable Roads Act 1722 An Act for repairing and widening the Road leading from The Black Bull, in Dunstable, in the County of Bedford, to the Way[b] turning out of the said Road up to Shafford House, in the County of Hertford. |
| 1730 | 3 Geo. 2. c. 10 | Middlesex and Hertford Roads Act 1729 An Act for repairing the Road leading from Galley Corner, adjoining to Enfield Chase, in the Parish of South Mims, in the County of Middlesex, to Lemsford Mill, in the County of Hertford. |
| 1743 | 17 Geo. 2. c. 9 | Essex and Hertfordshire Roads Act 1743 An Act for repairing and widening the Road leading from a Place called Harlow Bush Common, in the Parish of Harlow, in the County of Essex, to Stump Cross, in the Parish of Great Chesterford, in the said County. |
| 1714 | 1 Geo. 1. St. 2. c. 12 Pr. | Hertford and Middlesex Highways Act 1715 An Act for repairing the Highways through the several Parishes of St. Michael, St. Albans, St. Peter, Shenly Ridge, and South Mims, in the Counties of Hertford and Middlesex. |
| 1768 | 8 Geo. 3. c. 50 | Reading and Hatfield Road Act 1768 An Act for repairing, widening, turning, and altering, the Road leading from Reading, in the County of Berks, through Henley, in the County of Oxford; and Great Marlow, Chipping Wycombe, Agmondesham, and Cheynes, in the County of Bucks; and Rickmansworth, Watford, and Saint Albans, to Hatfield, in the County of Hertford; and also the Road leading out of the Said Road at Marlow, over Great Marlow Bridge, through Bysham, to or near the Thirty mile Stone in the Turnpike Road leading from Maidenhead to Reading. | |
| 1762 | 2 Geo. 3. c. 63 | Hertford and Bucks Roads Act 1762 An Act for amending, widening, altering, and keeping in Repair, the Road from the South End of Sparrow's Herne on Bushey Heath, through the Market Towns of Watford, Berkhampstead Saint Peter's, and Tring, in the County of Hertford, by Pettipher's Elms, to the Turnpike Road at Walton near Aylesbury in the County of Bucks. | |
| 1719 | 6 Geo. 1. c. 25 | Stevenage and Biggleswade Road Act 1719 An Act for repairing the Roads from Stevenidge, in the County of Hertford, to Biggleswade, in the County of Bedford. |
| 1663 | 15 Cha. 2. c. 1 | Road Repair (Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire) Act 1663 An Act for repairing the Highwayes within the Countyes of Hertford Cambridge and Huntington. |
| 1732 | 6 Geo. 2. c. 24 | Hertfordshire Roads Act 1732 An Act for the more effectual repairing the Roads leading from Wade's Mill, in the County of Hertford, to Barley and Royston, in the said County. | |
| 1757 | 30 Geo. 2. c. 45 | Hertford and Broadwater Road Act 1757 An Act for amending, widening, and keeping in Repair, the Roads from the East End of the Town of Hertford in the County of Hertford, through Watton, to Broadwater, and from the Town of Ware, through Watton, to the North End of the Town of Walkern in the said County. |
| 1725 | 12 Geo. 1. c. 10 | Hertfordshire Roads Act 1725 An Act for repairing the Roads from Lemsford Mill, in the County of Hertford, to Welwyn, and from thence to Cory's Mill, and from Welwyn (through Codicot) to Hitchin, in the said County; and for enlarging the Term granted by an Act passed in the Sixth Year of the Reign of His present Majesty, for repairing the Roads from Steevenage, in the said County, to Biggleswade, in the County of Bedford. |
Huntingdonshire
| Trust | Founded | Initial act | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Citation | Title | ||
| 1755 | 28 Geo. 2. c. 35 | Bury and Stratton Road Act 1755 An Act for repairing the Road from a certain Place in Bury, in the County of Huntingdon, through Warboys, Old Hurst, Saint Ives, Hilton, Eltisley, Waresley, Gamlingay, and Potton, to a House called The Spread Eagle in Stratton, within the several Counties of Huntingdon, Cambridge, and Bedford. |
| 1765 | 5 Geo. 3. c. 77 | Herts and Hunts Roads Act 1765 An Act for enlarging the Terms and Powers of several Acts, of the Ninth and Twelfth Years of Queen Anne, and of the Thirteenth of King George the First, and of the Fourteenth of His late Majesty, for repairing the Highways leading from Royston in the County of Hertford, to Wansford Bridge in the County of Huntingdon, so far as relates to the Middle and South Divisions of Roads comprised in the said Acts; and for amending the Road from the Town of Huntingdon to the Causeway at or near the West End of the Town of Somerham in the said County of Huntingdon. |
| 1744 | 18 Geo. 2. c. 23 | Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire Roads Act 1744 An Act to repair and widen the Road leading from Godmanchester, in the County of Huntingdon, through Fen-Stanton and Cambridge, to the First Rubbing-House on Newmarket Heath, in the County of Cambridge. |
| 1755 | 28 Geo. 2. c. 33 | Kimbolton Road Act 1755 An Act for repairing the Road from the North End of Brown's Lane in Great Stoughton in the County of Huntingdon, through Kimbolton and Higham Ferrers, to The Way Post near Wellingborough Bridge in the County of Northampton; and from The Pound in Kimbolton to The Way Post in Great Catworth Field, near Brington Bridge, in the said County of Huntingdon. |
| 1753 | 26 Geo. 2. c. 88 | Northampton Roads Act 1753 An Act for repairing the Road leading from Oundle in the County of Northampton to Alconbury cum Weston in the County of Huntingdon, from Barnwell in the said County of Northampton to Alconbury cum Weston aforesaid, and from The Mile Brook in Hamerton to Wood Lane End, next the Parish of Great Gidding, in the said County of Huntingdon. |
| 1755 | 28 Geo. 2. c. 26 | Huntingdon Roads Act 1755 An Act for repairing and widening the Road from the High Bridge in the Town of Ramsey, in the County of Huntingdon, through King's Ripton, to the West End of St. Peter's Lane, in the Parish of Saint John, within the Borough of Huntingdon. |
| 1727 | 1 Geo. 2. St. 2. c. 4 | Huntingdonshire Roads Act 1727 An Act for repairing the Road leading from Chatteris Ferry, which divides the Isle of Ely from the County of Huntingdon, to Hammond's Eau; and from thence to Somersham Bridge, at Somersham Town's End, in the said County. |
| 1710 | 9 Ann. c. 14 | Hertford and Huntingdon Roads Act 1710 An Act for repairing and amending the Highways leading from Royston, in the County of Hertford, to Wandesford Bridge, in the County of Huntington. |