List of U.S. state legislatures
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This is a list of United States state legislatures. Each state in the United States has a legislature as part of its form of civil government. Most of the fundamental details of the legislature are specified in the state constitution. With the exception of Nebraska, all state legislatures are bicameral bodies, composed of a lower house (Assembly, General Assembly, State Assembly, House of Delegates, or House of Representatives) and an upper house (Senate). The United States also has one federal district and five non-state territories with local legislative branches, which are listed below. Among the states, the Nebraska Legislature is the only state with a unicameral body. However, three other jurisdictions – the District of Columbia, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands – also have unicameral bodies.[1]
The exact names, dates, term lengths, term limits, electoral systems, electoral districts, and other details are determined by an individual state's laws.
Party summary
| Republican | 28 |
| Democratic | 18 |
| Split[nb 1] | 4 |
| Total | 50 |
|---|
| Republican trifecta | 23 |
| Democratic trifecta | 16 |
| Democratic governor/Republican legislature | 5 |
| Republican governor/Democratic legislature | 2 |
| Democratic governor/Split legislature | 3 |
| Republican governor/Split legislature | 1 |
| Total | 50 |
|---|
Note: A party with a numerical majority in a chamber may be forced to share power with other parties due to informal coalitions or may cede power outright because of divisions within its caucus.
Democratic control
Republican control
Split control
Democratic control
Republican control
NPP control
Split control
State legislatures
Current legislatures
Lists of past terms/sessions
Federal district and territorial legislatures
| Federal district or territory | Governor | Name | Lower house | Upper house | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Size [2] | Party strength | Term (yrs) | Name | Size [2] | Party strength | Term (yrs) | |||
 American Samoa | Governor | Fono | House of Representatives | 20 | NP 20[nb 14] | 2 | Senate | 18 | NP 18 | 4 |
 District of Columbia | Mayor | Council | (Unicameral) | Council | 13 | D 11–0, 2 ind. | 4 | |||
 Guam | Governor | Legislature | (Unicameral) | Legislature | 15 | R 9–6 | 2 | |||
 Northern Mariana Islands | Governor | Commonwealth Legislature | House of Representatives | 20 | Coal. 16–4[nb 15] | 2 | Senate | 9 | Coal. 7-2[nb 16] | 4 |
 Puerto Rico | Governor | Legislative Assembly | House of Representatives | 51 | 36 PNP, 13 PPD, 3 PIP, 1 PD[3] | 4 | Senate | 27 | 19 PNP, 5 PPD, 2 PIP, 1 PD, 1 ind.[nb 17] | 4 |
 United States Virgin Islands | Governor | Legislature | (Unicameral) | Legislature | 15 | D 11–0, 4 ind. | 2 | |||
Current legislatures
| State | Session | Last Election |
|---|---|---|
| Puerto Rico |
20th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico | |
| Northern Mariana Islands |
24th Northern Mariana Islands Legislature | |
| District of Columbia |
5 November 2024 | |
| American Samoa |
38th American Samoa Fono | |
| U.S. Virgin Islands |
36th Virgin Islands Legislature | 5 November 2024 |
Tables
These are the latest tables from the National Conference of State Legislatures.
States
Abbreviations: vacancy, undecided, recall, Covenant Party, New Progressive Party, Popular Democratic Party.
| State | Total seats | Total Senate | Senate Dem. | Senate Rep. | Senate other | Total House | House Dem. | House Rep. | House other | Leg. control | Gov. party | State control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 140 | 35 | 8 | 27 | 105 | 28 | 76 | 1v | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| Alaska | 60 | 20 | 9 | 11 | 40 | 13 | 22 | 5 | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| Arizona | 90 | 30 | 14 | 16 | 60 | 28 | 32 | Rep | Dem | Divided | ||
| Arkansas | 135 | 35 | 6 | 29 | 100 | 18 | 82 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| California | 120 | 40 | 32 | 8 | 80 | 62 | 17 | 1v | Dem | Dem | Dem | |
| Colorado | 100 | 35 | 23 | 12 | 65 | 46 | 19 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Connecticut | 187 | 36 | 24 | 12 | 151 | 98 | 53 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Delaware | 62 | 21 | 15 | 6 | 41 | 26 | 15 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Florida | 160 | 40 | 12 | 28 | 120 | 36 | 83 | 1v | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| Georgia | 236 | 56 | 23 | 33 | 180 | 78 | 102 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Hawaii | 76 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 51 | 45 | 6 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Idaho | 105 | 35 | 7 | 28 | 70 | 11 | 59 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Illinois | 177 | 59 | 40 | 19 | 118 | 78 | 40 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Indiana | 150 | 50 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 30 | 70 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Iowa | 150 | 50 | 16 | 34 | 100 | 36 | 64 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Kansas | 165 | 40 | 11 | 29 | 125 | 40 | 85 | Rep | Dem | Divided | ||
| Kentucky | 138 | 38 | 7 | 31 | 100 | 20 | 80 | Rep | Dem | Divided | ||
| Louisiana | 144 | 39 | 11 | 28 | 105 | 32 | 73 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Maine | 186 | 35 | 22 | 13 | 151 | 79 | 67 | 2, 3v | Dem | Dem | Dem | |
| Maryland | 188 | 47 | 34 | 13 | 141 | 102 | 39 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Massachusetts | 200 | 40 | 36 | 4 | 160 | 133 | 25 | 2 | Dem | Dem | Dem | |
| Michigan | 148 | 38 | 20 | 18 | 110 | 56 | 54 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| Minnesota | 201 | 67 | 33 | 33 | 1v | 134 | 70 | 64 | Divided | Dem | Divided | |
| Mississippi | 174 | 52 | 16 | 36 | 122 | 41 | 79 | 2 | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| Missouri | 197 | 34 | 7 | 23 | 4v | 163 | 51 | 111 | 1 | Rep | Rep | Rep |
| Montana | 150 | 50 | 16 | 34 | 100 | 32 | 68 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Nebraska | 49 | 49 | 49 | Unicameral - nonpartisan | N/A | Rep | N/A | |||||
| Nevada | 63 | 21 | 13 | 7 | 1v | 42 | 26 | 14 | 2v | Dem | Rep | Divided |
| New Hampshire | 424 | 24 | 10 | 14 | 400 | 193 | 198 | 2, 7v | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| New Jersey | 120 | 40 | 25 | 15 | 80 | 52 | 28 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| New Mexico | 112 | 42 | 27 | 15 | 70 | 45 | 25 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| New York | 213 | 63 | 41 | 21 | 1v | 150 | 100 | 48 | 2v | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| North Carolina | 170 | 50 | 20 | 30 | 120 | 48 | 72 | Rep | Dem | Divided | ||
| North Dakota | 141 | 47 | 4 | 42 | 1v | 94 | 12 | 82 | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| Ohio | 132 | 33 | 7 | 26 | 99 | 32 | 67 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Oklahoma | 149 | 48 | 8 | 40 | 101 | 20 | 81 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Oregon | 90 | 30 | 17 | 12 | 1 | 60 | 35 | 24 | 1 | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| Pennsylvania | 253 | 50 | 22 | 28 | 203 | 100 | 101 | 2v | Rep | Dem | Divided | |
| Rhode Island | 113 | 38 | 32 | 5 | 1v | 75 | 65 | 9 | 1 | Dem | Dem | Dem |
| South Carolina | 170 | 46 | 15 | 30 | 1 | 124 | 36 | 88 | Rep | Rep | Rep | |
| South Dakota | 105 | 35 | 4 | 31 | 70 | 7 | 63 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Tennessee | 132 | 33 | 6 | 27 | 99 | 24 | 75 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Texas | 181 | 31 | 12 | 19 | 150 | 64 | 86 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Utah | 104 | 29 | 6 | 23 | 75 | 14 | 61 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Vermont | 180 | 30 | 22 | 7 | 1 | 150 | 105 | 37 | 8 | Dem | Rep | Divided |
| Virginia | 140 | 40 | 21 | 19 | 100 | 51 | 49 | Dem | Rep | Divided | ||
| Washington | 147 | 49 | 29 | 20 | 98 | 58 | 40 | Dem | Dem | Dem | ||
| West Virginia | 134 | 34 | 3 | 31 | 100 | 11 | 89 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Wisconsin | 132 | 33 | 10 | 22 | 1v | 99 | 34 | 64 | 1v | Rep | Dem | Divided |
| Wyoming | 93 | 31 | 2 | 29 | 62 | 5 | 57 | Rep | Rep | Rep | ||
| Total States | 7386 | 1973 | 831 | 1080 | 52, 10
vacant |
5413 | 2426 | 2943 | 24, 20
vacant |
29R, 19D,
1 Div. |
27R,
23D |
23R,
16D, 10 Div. |
U.S. territories
Abbreviations: vacancy, undecided, recall, Covenant Party, New Progressive Party, Popular Democratic Party.
| U.S. territories | Total seats | Total Senate | Senate Dem. | Senate Rep. | Senate other | Total House | House Dem. | House Rep. | House other | Leg. control | Gov. party | Ter. control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa | 39 | 18 | Non-partisan | 18 | 21 | Non-partisan | 21 | Dem | ||||
| District of Columbia | 13 | 13 | 11 | 2 | Unicameral | Dem | N/A | Dem | ||||
| Guam | 15 | 15 | 9 | 6 | Unicameral | Dem | ||||||
| Mariana Islands | 29 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 20 | 4 | 3 | 13 | Divided | Ind | Divided |
| Puerto Rico | 78 | 27 | 12 DPP | 10 NPP | 5 | 51 | 25 DPP | 21 NPP | 5 | DPP | NPP | Divided |
| Virgin Islands | 15 | 15 | 15 | Unicameral - nonpartisan | Dem | Dem | Dem | |||||
See also
- State legislature (United States)
- Female state legislators in the United States
- Political party strength in U.S. states
- Comparison of U.S. state governments
- United States state legislatures' partisan trend
- National Conference of State Legislatures
- List of current legislatures
- List of current United States governors
- List of U.S. state representatives (Alabama to Missouri)
- List of U.S. state representatives (Montana to Wyoming)
- List of U.S. state senators
Notes
- "Split" in the sense that each of the two chambers are controlled by a different party (e.g., a Democratic Senate and Republican House) or one chamber is evenly split between parties and thus "hung". The Nebraska Legislature is nonpartisan, and although the majority of members are registered members of the Republican Party, Nebraska's lack of formal party structure within its rules means that no single political party controls the Nebraska Legislature to the extent that political parties often control legislative bodies in other U.S. states. However, for the general purposes of this information, understanding the Nebraska Legislature to be Republican-controlled is a merited oversimplification.
- The majority in the Alaska House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 14 Democrats, 2 Republicans and 5 Independents. The minority consists of 19 Republicans.
- The majority in the Alaska Senate is held by a coalition of 9 Democrats and 5 Republicans. There are 6 Republicans outside the caucus.
- The Constitution of California names it the "California Legislature", but the legislature brands itself as the "California State Legislature".
- The Constitution of Louisiana vests legislative authority in "a legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives," and refers to it as "the legislature" throughout, without officially designating a term for the two houses together. However, the two bodies do use the term "Louisiana State Legislature" in official references to itself.
- There are 3 additional non-voting seats allocated to sovereign tribal nations within Maine. Since 2018, only one seat (belonging to the Passamaquoddy) is filled; the current tribal representative is a non-partisan/independent but is not counted in this total.
- When Nebraska switched to a unicameral legislature in 1937, the lower house was abolished. All current Nebraskan legislators are referred to as "Senators", as the pre-1937 senate was the retained house.
- The Constitution of Utah names it the "Legislature of the State of Utah", but the legislature brands itself as the "Utah State Legislature".
- One senator is registered with the Forward Party.
- The majority in the Vermont House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 87 Democrats, 3 Vermont Progressives and 4 independents. The minority consists of 56 Republicans.
- The majority in the Vermont Senate is held by a coalition of 16 Democrats and 1 Vermont Progressive. 13 Republicans make up the minority.
- The Constitution of Washington names it "the legislature of the state of Washington", but the legislature brands itself as the "Washington State Legislature".
- The American Samoa House of Representatives also includes one nonpartisan non-voting delegate representing Swains Island.
- The majority in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives is held by a coalition of 4 Democrats and 12 independents. The minority consists of 3 Republicans and 1 Independent.
- The majority in the Northern Mariana Islands Senate is held by a coalition of 3 independents and 4 Republicans. The minority consists of 2 Democrats.
- The parties of Puerto Rico are separate from the Republican and Democratic parties.