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Top 10 Science Facts

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TOP TEN SCIENCE FACTS – by Dr. Dennis Bogdan (test)

HIGHLIGHTS by Years (including 2000s); Breakthroughs; History; Outline; Timelines (Human, Life, Nature); Questions.

"How Do We Know What Is TRUE?" (animated video; 2:52)

• Astronomers estimate^[1] that there are as many as "One Septillion" (10²⁴ or, 1 with 24 zeros) stars in the observable Universe – more stars (and earth-like planets) than all the grains of beach sand on planet Earth^[2][3][4] – many more stars, at an estimated 10¹⁰⁰, may be contained in a Universe (observed and unobserved) considered Inflationary.^[5]

• Astronomers confirm^[6] (as of February 26, 2026) => 6,256 exoplanets (in 4,664 exoplanet systems and 1,050 multi-exoplanetary systems) – after studying only a very, very small portion of the starry sky.

• The NASA probes currently active on the planet Mars (as of March 14, 2026) are the following:
  Perseverance rover & Ingenuity helicopter => 1800 sols (1850 days) (5 years, 24 days) (landed February 18, 2021).
  Curiosity rover => 4835 sols (4968 days) (13 years, 220 days) (landed August 6, 2012).
  (USA flag on Mars – Mars Weather: Perseverance*Curiosity*InSight – Mars rocks – Martians found?^[7]).

• A spaceship from planet Earth speeding 165,000 miles an hour (as fast as our fastest one),^[8] would take nearly 20,000 years^[8][9] to travel beyond our Solar System to the nearest star Proxima Centauri – with no worthy place to land.

• Spaceship planet Earth is speeding about "One Million" miles an hour^[10] through outer space and, along with the rest of the Milky Way Galaxy, is traveling toward Andromeda Galaxy. (WikiTalk)

• The Universe contains life – on planet Earth – at least – and – we are not alone – life abounds – wherever we are – with microorganisms – at the very minimum.^[11]

• Biologists currently understand that microorganisms were the only known life forms present during the earliest 85% of time since the planet Earth was formed 4.54 billion years ago – Plants and Animals appear much more recently – in the latest 15% of time – Modern Humans, much more recently yet – in less than the latest 0.005% of time.

• Biologists have estimated that over 99%^[12] of all species of life forms that have ever lived on planet Earth are now extinct. Further, the total number of living cells on the Earth currently is estimated to be 10³⁰; the total number since the beginning of Earth as 10⁴⁰, and the total number for the entire time of a habitable planet Earth as 10⁴¹.^[13][14]

• Chemists have determined that all life forms on planet Earth are based on one particular chemical – with astronomical variations.^[15][16]

• Physicists have estimated that there is about 10⁸² (1 with 82 zeros) atoms^[17] in the observable Universe, and that additionally, at least 99.9999999%^[18] of all the matter in the Universe, from the very small to the very large, is empty space.

More information References (CLICK "[show]" on the right)(NOTE: If ads or paywall, *Click Archived version* or *CopyPaste link to new Browser tab*) ...

References (CLICK "[show]" on the right) (NOTE: If ads or paywall, *Click Archived version* or *CopyPaste link to new Browser tab*)

[1] Staff (2020). "How many stars are there in the Universe?". European Space Agency. Retrieved December 1, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [2] Mackie, Glen (February 1, 2002). "To see the Universe in a Grain of Taranaki Sand". Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2017. [3] Mack, Eric (19 March 2015). "There may be more Earth-like planets than grains of sand on all our beaches - New research contends that the Milky Way alone is flush with billions of potentially habitable planets -- and that's just one sliver of the universe". CNET. Retrieved 1 December 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [4] T. Bovaird, T.; Lineweaver, C.H.; Jacobsen, S.K. (13 March 2015). "Using the inclinations of Kepler systems to prioritize new Titius–Bode-based exoplanet predictions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 448 (4): 3608–3627. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv221. Retrieved 1 December 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [5] Totani, Tomonori (February 3, 2020). "Emergence of life in an inflationary universe". Scientific Reports. 10 (1671): 1671. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58060-0. PMC 6997386. PMID 32015390. [6] Staff (2020). "The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia - Catalog". The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved December 3, 2023.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [7] Staff (2020). "Martians on Mars found by the Curiosity rover". 360cities.net. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2023. [8] Cofield, Calla (August 24, 2016). "How We Could Visit the Possibly Earth-Like Planet Proxima b". Space.com. Retrieved December 3, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [9] Bogdan, Dr. Dennis (2020). "Calculation - Time to nearest star". LiveJournal. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020. [10] Fraknoi, Andrew (2007). "How Fast Are You Moving When You Are Sitting Still?" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved December 3, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [11] Kolata, Gina (June 14, 2012). "In Good Health? Thank Your 100 Trillion Bacteria". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [12] Novacek, Michael J. (November 8, 2014). "Prehistory's Brilliant Future". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [13] Overbye, Dennis (December 1, 2023). "Exactly How Much Life Is on Earth? - According to a new study, living cells outnumber stars in the universe, highlighting the deep, underrated link between geophysics and biology". The New York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [14] Crockford, Peter W.; et al. (November 6, 2023). "The geologic history of primary productivity". Current Biology. 33 (21): P7741–4750.E5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.040. PMID 37827153. Retrieved December 1, 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [15] Bogdan, Dr. Dennis (February 16, 2020). "The one particular chemical is Nucleic Acid - a basic chemical for all known life forms - in the form of DNA - and/or - RNA - that defines - by way of a particular genetic code sequence - all the astronomically diverse known life forms on Earth - all such known life forms are essentially a variation of this particular Nucleic Acid chemical that, at a very basic level, has been uniquely coded for a specific known life form". Dr. Dennis Bogdan. [16] Berg, J.M.; Tymoczko, J.L.; Stryer, L. (2002). "Chapter 5. DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information". Book: Biochemistry. 5th edition. Retrieved February 16, 2020. [17] Baker, Harry (July 11, 2021). "How many atoms are in the observable universe?". Live Science. Retrieved December 1, 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) [18] Sundermier, Ali (September 23, 2016). "99.9999999% of Your Body Is Empty Space". ScienceAlert. Retrieved December 3, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

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