Victorian Railways K class

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Power typeSteam
Power typeSteam
BuilderVR Newport Workshops
Build date1922-1946[1]
Victorian Railways K class
K109 hauling the inaugural Better Farming Train in Gippsland, October 1924
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderVR Newport Workshops
Build date1922-1946[1]
Total produced53
Specifications
Configuration:
  Whyte2-8-0
Gauge5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)
Driver dia.55 in (1,397 mm)
Length60 ft 3+12 in (18.38 m)
Axle load13 long tons 10 cwt (30,200 lb or 13.7 t)
Adhesive weight53 long tons 2 cwt (118,900 lb or 54 t)
Loco weight62 long tons 7 cwt (139,700 lb or 63.4 t)
Tender weight42 long tons 5 cwt (94,600 lb or 42.9 t)
Total weight104 long tons 12 cwt (234,300 lb or 106.3 t)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity5 long tons 0 cwt (11,200 lb or 5.1 t)
Water cap.4,200 imp gal (19,000 L; 5,000 US gal)
Firebox:
  Grate area25+34 sq ft (2.39 m2)
Boiler pressure175 psi (12.1 bar; 1,210 kPa)
Heating surface1,680 sq ft (156 m2)
Cylinders2
Cylinder size20 in × 26 in (508 mm × 660 mm)
Valve gearWalschaerts
Valve typePiston valves
Performance figures
Tractive effort28,650 lbf (127,400 N) at 85% boiler pressure
Career
OperatorsVictorian Railways
Number in class53
Numbers100-109 (later 140-149), 150-192.
Delivered1922[2]
First run22 August 1922[2]
Last run13 March 1982[3]
Retired13 March 1982[3]
Withdrawn1958-1982[4][3]
Preserved151, 153, 154, 157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167, 169, 174, 175, 176, 177, 181, 183, 184, 190, 191, 192.
Current ownerVarious heritage groups
Disposition21 preserved, 32 scrapped

The K class is a branch line steam locomotive that ran on Victorian Railways in Australia from 1922 to 1979. Although its design was entirely conventional and its specifications unremarkable, the K class was in practice a remarkably versatile and dependable locomotive. It went on to outlast every other class of steam locomotive in regular service on the VR, and no fewer than 21 examples of the 53 originally built have survived into preservation.

Regular service

The K class was the first design from the VR Locomotive Design Section under the stewardship of Alfred E Smith as Chief Mechanical Engineer.[5]

The Locomotive Design Section had introduced successful mainline and branchline passenger locomotives with the A2 class and Dd class 4-6-0s, and had recently improved mainline goods services with the C class 2-8-0. They now turned their attention to a requirement for a more powerful branchline goods locomotive, and in 1922 produced a lighter 2-8-0 "Consolidation" locomotive with a 13+12 long tons (13.7 t; 15.1 short tons) axle load and 50 ft (15.24 m) wheelbase, able to run on even the lightest lines on the VR 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) system.

The K class is credited with working virtually every line in the VR system and hauling almost every kind of train.

A total of ten were built from 1922 to 1923, numbered 100–109. They were put to work on goods services on steeply graded branch lines where their superior tractive effort (45% higher than that of the Dd class) and high factor of adhesion were put to good use.[6]

VR photo of K 103 circa 1935, with automatic couplers and an electric headlight

The design was modified in 1925 into the N class 2-8-2, in response to a new Victorian Railways policy that all new locomotives be capable of conversion from 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) to 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge in the event of the Victorian Railways network being standardised. The K, with its firebox mounted between the frames, was unsuitable for standard gauge conversion.[6] The K class proved to be such a successful locomotive that, despite not being gauge convertible, a further 29 units were ordered just before World War II, being delivered between 1940 and 1941. The first of the new engines was 140, quickly renumbered 150 then followed by 151 to 178; the original ten engines were also renumbered 140–149. In 1942 a further order was placed for an additional 21 engines, which would have brought the fleet total to 61 engines. However, only five of this batch - 179 to 183 - entered service during 1943, and construction was halted until after the end of hostilities when work resumed on engines K184 to K192. The remaining engines were never built.[7]

The decision to build more Ks reflected their greater versatility: they had the same tractive effort as the N class but unlike the longer wheelbase N class the K could be turned on the smallest (53-foot or 16.15-metre) turntables.

Although originally designed as a goods locomotive, their maximum permissible speed was raised for branchline passenger service, further increasing their versatility.[8]

The success of the K class was such that even in 1953, with dieselisation already underway on Victorian Railways, the basic design of the K class was updated into the J class 2-8-0, the final class of steam locomotives to be introduced to the Victorian Railways.[6]

K Class Locomotive History [7]
Original No. Date On Register Pending Second No. Date No. change Auto Couplers Electric Light Modified Front End Staff Exchanger Blowdown Muffler Shunters' Steps Mileage Off Register Broken Up Comments
100 22 August 1922 RSRF 56 140 18 September 1940 30 August 1934 19 January 1935 16 October 1941 16 October 1941 21 July 1959 781,947 mi (1,258,422 km) 22 July 1964
101 10 November 1922 141 4 June 1940 1 November 1934 1 May 1931 28 February 1942 28 February 1942 11 June 1959 853,472 mi (1,373,530 km) 14 March 1962
102 28 November 1922 142 3 September 1940 23 November 1934 23 November 1934 16 May 1946 16 May 1946 734,034 mi (1,181,313 km) 8 August 1958
103 9 December 1922 143 28 June 1940 2 March 1933 18 January 1935 7 June 1946 7 June 1946 1959 757,322 mi (1,218,792 km) 10 September 1959
104 19 December 1922 144 4 October 1940 9 August 1933 21 December 1934 15 November 1944 15 November 1944 4 August 1949 October 1959 846,792 mi (1,362,780 km) 6 May 1960
105 21 December 1922 145 2 October 1940 18 November 1933 26 October 2029 [sic] 11 November 1946 11 November 1946 759,461 mi (1,222,234 km) 29 October 1958
106 27 March 1923 146 4 July 1940 20 July 1933 1 December 1934 27 April 1945 27 April 1945 17 June 1959 845,861 mi (1,361,281 km) 12 December 1960
107 18 May 1923 147 29 June 1940 31 May 1934 10 November 1934 1 February 1946 1 February 1946 17 September 1951 21 July 1959 827,135 mi (1,331,145 km) 7 July 1965
108 18 June 1923 148 10 June 1940 18 July 1934 24 November 1934 11 December 1947 11 December 1947 3 July 1959 787,353 mi (1,267,122 km) 15 February 1960
109 30 June 1923 149 12 October 1940 22 December 1934 22 December 1934 8 November 1944 8 November 1944 9 June 1959 748,274 mi (1,204,230 km) 12 October 1967
140 28 May 1940 RS 39/3785 21/7/39 150 18 September 1940 28 May 1940 28 May 1940 28 May 1940 17 September 1947 19 April 1951 28 May 1959 439,982 mi (708,082 km) 8 November 1967
151 1 July 1940 1 July 1940 1 July 1940 1 July 1940 12 February 1948 14 August 1959 455,210 mi (732,589 km) 23 May 1973
152 23 August 1940 23 August 1940 23 August 1940 23 August 1940 18 June 1948 22 June 1959 446,828 mi (719,100 km) 30 August 1967
153 9 September 1940 9 September 1940 9 September 1940 9 September 1940 12 September 1947 11 May 1959 473,601 mi (762,187 km) 7 December 1972
154 21 September 1940 21 September 1940 21 September 1940 21 September 1940 28 April 1948 22 June 1959 454,086 mi (730,781 km) 27 June 1971
155 11 October 1940 11 October 1940 11 October 1940 11 October 1940 15 June 1948 30 July 1959 440,133 mi (708,325 km) 24 April 1968
156 29 October 1940 29 October 1940 29 October 1940 29 October 1940 13 July 1948 16 June 1959 444,385 mi (715,168 km) 8 October 1969
157 16 November 1940 16 November 1940 16 November 1940 16 November 1940 13 May 1948 22 June 1959 460,286 mi (740,759 km) 7 December 1972
158 25 November 1940 25 November 1940 25 November 1940 25 November 1940 20 September 1946 17 June 1959 430,211 mi (692,357 km) 7 January 1974 23 June 1978
159 6 December 1940 6 December 1940 6 December 1940 6 December 1940 19 March 1948 22 June 1959 404,469 mi (650,930 km) 24 April 1975
160 22 December 1940 22 December 1940 22 December 1940 22 December 1940 22 December 1940 11 May 1959 427,498 mi (687,991 km) 1979
161 23 January 1941 23 January 1941 23 January 1941 23 January 1941 23 January 1941 16 June 1959 491,680 mi (791,282 km) 13 September 1967
162 25 February 1941 25 February 1941 25 February 1941 25 February 1941 25 February 1941 23 February 1960 467,422 mi (752,243 km) 7 December 1972
163 19 March 1941 19 March 1941 19 March 1941 19 March 1941 19 March 1941 16 September 1949 26 May 1959 420,061 mi (676,023 km) 18 November 1973
164 8 April 1941 8 April 1941 8 April 1941 8 April 1941 8 April 1941 18 November 1949 22 June 1959 476,940 mi (767,561 km) 12 August 1971
165 27 May 1941 RS 39/3785 21/7/39 27 May 1941 27 May 1941 27 May 1941 27 May 1941 11 May 1959 480,115 mi (772,670 km) 23 September 1968
166 10 June 1941 10 June 1941 10 June 1941 10 June 1941 10 June 1941 12 November 1959 429,939 mi (691,920 km) 18 November 1966
167 24 June 1971 [sic] 24 June 1971 [sic] 24 June 1971 [sic] 24 June 1971 [sic] 24 June 1971 [sic] 30 September 1949 22 June 1959 394,776 mi (635,330 km) 23 November 1970
168 9 July 1941 9 July 1941 9 July 1941 9 July 1941 9 July 1941 June 1959 477,609 mi (768,637 km) 7 July 1967
169 28 July 1941 28 July 1941 28 July 1941 28 July 1941 28 July 1941 11 May 1959 426,708 mi (686,720 km) 3 February 1973
170 2 September 1941 2 September 1941 2 September 1941 2 September 1941 2 September 1941 20 December 1949 16 July 1959 457,641 mi (736,502 km) 15 August 1967 24 September 1969
171 11 September 1941 11 September 1941 11 September 1941 11 September 1941 11 September 1941 20 April 1951 16 September 1959 442,813 mi (712,638 km) 10 March 1966
172 21 October 1941 21 October 1941 21 October 1941 21 October 1941 21 October 1941 22 June 1959 396,099 mi (637,460 km) 27 September 1967
173 29 October 1941 29 October 1941 29 October 1941 29 October 1941 29 October 1941 22 June 1959 475,236 mi (764,818 km) 21 October 1971
174 7 November 1941 7 November 1941 7 November 1941 7 November 1941 7 November 1941 17 February 1950 3 July 1959 401,309 mi (645,844 km) 24 April 1975
175 17 November 1941 17 November 1941 17 November 1941 17 November 1941 17 November 1941 25 June 1959 290,355 mi (467,281 km) 23 May 1973
176 28 November 1941 28 November 1941 28 November 1941 28 November 1941 28 November 1941 6 May 1959 390,301 mi (628,129 km) 16 September 1972
177 5 December 1941 5 December 1941 5 December 1941 5 December 1941 5 December 1941 26 May 1959 386,602 mi (622,176 km) 11 October 1972
178 17 December 1941 17 December 1941 17 December 1941 17 December 1941 17 December 1941 29 September 1949 1 July 1959 424,200 mi (682,684 km) 8 May 1968
179 2 April 1943 2 April 1943 2 April 1943 2 April 1943 2 April 1943 5 December 1959 385,570 mi (620,515 km) 11 October 1967
180 29 April 1943 29 April 1943 29 April 1943 29 April 1943 29 April 1943 11 May 1959 376,313 mi (605,617 km) 16 August 1967
181 1 June 1943 1 June 1943 1 June 1943 1 June 1943 1 June 1943 29 June 1959 399,042 mi (642,196 km) 5 December 1968
182 4 August 1943 4 August 1943 4 August 1943 4 August 1943 4 August 1943 29 June 1959 364,123 mi (585,999 km) 28 January 1966
183 9 September 1943 9 September 1943 9 September 1943 9 September 1943 9 September 1943 1959 351,457 mi (565,615 km) 2 December 1976
184 9 January 1946 9 January 1946 9 January 1946 9 January 1946 9 January 1946 7 March 1950 1959 334,417 mi (538,192 km) 7 December 1972
185 22 January 1946 22 January 1946 22 January 1946 22 January 1946 22 January 1946 October 1959 353,076 mi (568,221 km) 21 July 1967
186 19 March 1946 RS 42/6756 16/6/42 19 March 1946 19 March 1946 19 March 1946 19 March 1946 1959 333,213 mi (536,254 km) 25 October 1967
187 18 April 1946 18 April 1946 18 April 1946 18 April 1946 18 April 1946 12 June 1959 320,018 mi (515,019 km) 3 February 1971
188 24 May 1946 24 May 1946 24 May 1946 24 May 1946 24 May 1946 27 May 1979 314,127 mi (505,538 km) 15 August 1967 31 January 1968
189 1 July 1946 1 July 1946 1 July 1946 1 July 1946 1 July 1946 9 June 1959 342,754 mi (551,609 km) 22 November 1967
190 20 August 1946 20 August 1946 20 August 1946 20 August 1946 20 August 1946 29 July 1959 304,625 mi (490,246 km) 7 December 1972
191 20 September 1946 20 September 1946 20 September 1946 20 September 1946 20 September 1946 November 1959 228,671 mi (368,010 km) 10 April 1968
192 31 October 1946 31 October 1946 31 October 1946 31 October 1946 31 October 1946 30 October 1951 14 August 1959 251,878 mi (405,358 km) 18 December 1968
193 RS 43/5003 7/5/43 Cancelled
194
195
196
197
198
199

Design improvements

During the mid-1930s, the original batch of ten K class locomotives were equipped with VR's 'Modified Front End' for improved drafting and reduced cylinder back pressure. They also saw other improvements, such as the fitting of cross-compound air compressors, smoke deflectors and a new welded tender tank which incorporated a self-trimming coal bunker.

The last seven of the second order of K class locomotives built in 1940-46 were fitted with Boxpok wheels.

Demise

The introduction of the T class (EMD G8) diesel electric locomotive from 1955 onwards on VR's branchline network spelled the beginning of the end for the K class, with Ks gradually being retired as successive orders of Ts were delivered throughout the 1950s and into the 1960s. Even so, their reliable and low-cost operability ensured they remained in service around various yards and depots as shunters and workshop pilots until the Y class (EMD G6B) locomotive eventually superseded them in this role.

On 20 January 1965, locomotive K 188 was used in a public ending of steam on the Victorian Railways, when it was used in the demolition of the North Melbourne Locomotive Depot, pulling down the front wall with a steel rope before a crowd of onlookers.[9] North Ballarat Workshops pilot K 162 had the honour of being the last steam locomotive in service on Victorian Railways, withdrawn in March 1979, and was subsequently allocated to Steamrail Victoria.

Preservation

References

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