Werribee line

19th century

In 1857, the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company (G&MRC) opened the Werribee to Little River section of the line they were building between Newport and Geelong, then in June of that year, they opened the section between Werribee and a temporary station near Newport, known as Greenwich.^[10] The intention was to connect to the Williamstown line being built by the Melbourne, Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway Company, with whom they had arranged permission to run the former company's trains over the latter company's tracks to Melbourne, but the Williamstown line was not yet ready.

However, by October 1857, construction of the Williamstown line had sufficiently advanced to allow the Geelong trains to run to the terminus at Williamstown Pier, so Greenwich station was closed and a connection was made to the Williamstown line towards Williamstown.^[11] From Williamstown Pier, passengers could connect to a ferry across Hobsons Bay to Port Melbourne.^[11]

The Williamstown line fully opened in January 1859, so the connection near Newport towards Williamstown was removed and replaced with a connection to Newport, and the through running of Geelong trains to Melbourne commenced.^[11]

In April 1885, a short branch was opened off the Werribee line just past Newport to Williamstown Racecourse, and in November 1888, a branch was opened off the Racecourse branch to Altona, terminating at a station named Altona Beach.^[5] This branch was opened by the Altona and Laverton Bay Freehold and Investment Company to encourage people to buy their land in the area.^[5] However, the line closed less than two years later, in August 1890.

20th century

A portion of the Altona Beach line near Williamstown Racecourse was leased by the Victorian Railways (VR) in 1906 to store race trains.^[12] Sometime between 1911 and 1919, the line reopened for goods trains with a siding built from Altona Beach to the Melbourne and Altona Colliery Company mine. From November 1917, the VR worked on the line on behalf of the then owners, Altona Beach Estates Ltd., but to a relocated Altona Beach station, short of the original terminus.^[13]

The VR electrified the Williamstown line and the branch to Williamstown Racecourse in August 1920.^[12][14] In October 1924, the VR took total control of the Altona Beach line, and electrified it in October 1926.^[14] Automatic Block Signalling was commissioned between South Kensington and Yarraville in August 1927, and then on to Newport. The Automatic and Track Control system was installed from Newport South towards Geelong, enabling bidirectional use of the then single track line.

The Williamstown Racecourse branch closed in May 1950.^[12] Duplication of the Werribee line occurred in stages between 1960 and 1968, with the Altona branch converted to Automatic Block Signalling in October 1967. First announced by the Transport Minister Joe Rafferty in 1977, the line from Altona Junction to Werribee was electrified in September 1983.^[15]

By the early 1980s, the Altona line was under threat of closure, as recommended in the Lonie Report.^[16] In October 1981, the rail service was drastically cut, with all shuttle services withdrawn, and only two morning and evening trains being operated to and from Melbourne.^[5] However, a change of state government in 1982 saw the restitution of many services in July of that year.^[5] On 21 January 1985, the line was extended to Westona, which served as the terminus until April of that year when the line was extended to Laverton.^{[17][18][19][20]} When the Altona line was extended to Laverton, it was integrated into the Werribee line, becoming the Altona loop. At the same time as the extension to Laverton, the line from Altona to Westona, which had temporarily been operated by Staff and Ticket safeworking, was converted to Automatic and Track Control.

21st century

In November 2008, a major timetable change took place on the Craigieburn, Sydenham, Upfield and Werribee lines. This change saw all Werribee services during weekday peak periods altered to run direct to and from Flinders Street as a result of train overcrowding in the Northern Loop in years prior. This was part of a wider City Loop timetable restructuring.^[21]

Since the completion of the Altona Loop, almost every Werribee bound service ran via Altona, but a timetable re-write in May 2011 saw this section converted to a separate service for the majority of the time.^[22] The rewrite introduced the controversial practice of having trains serving the Altona Loop run as a shuttle service between Laverton and Newport during off peak hours.^[23] Shuttle services were ended in August 2017, with weekday direct services to and from the city being reinstated to the Altona Loop.^[24]

Also as part of a new timetable in May 2011. The remainder of weekday Werribee line services were altered to run direct to and from Flinders Street and across to the Frankston line as part of the formation of the new 'Cross City Group'.^[25] With Werribee services now bypassing Altona. frequencies in peak periods were increased to every 10-11 minutes, up from every 15.^[25] Although all weekday services no longer operated via the City Loop, all weekend services continued to run through the loop until 2021.

In June 2015, the completion of the Regional Rail Link allowed for the rerouting of Geelong and Warrnambool services via the 90 km of new track constructed between Little River and Deer Park stations.^[26] Instead of stopping at select stations on the Werribee line, services now stop at new stations at Wyndham Vale and Tarneit which are in Melbourne's growing western suburbs. The separation of suburban and regional trains has reduced overcrowding, increased capacity, and improved service reliability on the Werribee line in addition to the benefits seen on Geelong services.^[27]

In January 2021, as part of another major timetable, frequencies across the week were heavily improved. Wait times on weekend mornings and late nights were brought down from every half hour to every twenty minutes. Services to Laverton and Williamstown were altered to stop at South Kensington station in place of Werribee express services on weekdays as well as Werribee local services on weekends.^[28] This change also saw weekend Werribee line services removed from the City Loop and altered to run direct to Flinders Street and onwards to Frankston like was already the case on weekdays.^[29]

As part of the 'Big Switch' timetable change in February 2026, through running from Werribee to Frankston ceased with the Frankston line returning to the City Loop.^[30] As a result of this change, the Werribee line was altered to only run to and from Flinders Street direct with select services at certain times continuing instead towards Sandringham.^[31]

On 6 August 2026, the Victorian state government announced that the Werribee and Williamstown lines would begin through running to Sandringham full time instead of only late at night. This timetable change will see weekday peak frequencies on the Werribee line increased from every 10 minutes to every 6 minutes or better.^[9]

Level crossing removals

The Level Crossing Removal Project has announced the removal of all remaining level crossings on the Werribee line, to be completed in stages from 2018 to 2030. In 2018, one level crossing was removed at Kororoit Creek Road, Williamstown North.^[32] The crossing was removed by raising the rail line onto a rail bridge above the road with partial duplication of the Altona Loop completed as part of the project.^[32] In 2019, another level crossing was removed at Aviation Road, Laverton.^[33] The crossing was removed by raising the road onto a bridge above the rail line with upgrades to Aircraft station in conjunction with the project.^[33] The upgrades included a redesigned station forecourt and construction of a new pedestrian underpass.^[33] In 2021, a total of 3 level crossings were removed at various locations along the line. Crossings were removed at Old Geelong Road in Hoppers Crossing and Werribee Street and Cherry Street in Werribee. Two of these crossings were removed with road bridges and one with a rail bridge.^[34][35][36] The removal of the crossing at Old Geelong Road in Hoppers Crossing also included an upgrade to Hoppers Crossing station with a new overpass, station forecourt, and bus interchange.^[37] The final five crossings along the line (excluding the ones on the Altona Loop) will be removed by 2030. The crossing at Hudsons Road, Spotswood and Maddox Road, Newport will be removed by constructing two separate rail bridges with a new Spotswood station also being built.^[38] In addition, the crossing at Maidstone Street will be removed with the construction of a road bridge and two crossings—Anderson Street and Champion Road—will be closed off.^[38] At the end of these works, the Werribee line will be fully level crossing free by 2030.

Melbourne Metro 2

The 2012 Network Development Plan identified the need for an east-west tunnel connecting the Werribee (and potentially) the Geelong line to the Mernda line.^[39] The project would split the Mernda line from the Hurstbridge line after Clifton Hill into a new tunnel, travelling east stopping at a new station in the "inner north", before connecting with at Parkville, Flagstaff, and Southern Cross stations.^[40] Exiting the CBD, the line would continue in a tunnel stopping at a new station in the suburb of Fishermans Bend, before crossing underneath the Yarra River and arriving at Newport station.^[40] The line would then exit the tunnel and travel further west to connect with the Werribee line bypassing the Altona Loop.^[40] The Werribee and Williamstown lines will be reconfigured to provide better and simpler service.^[40][41] This project was initially meant to be completed in the 2020s, however, no funding or planning has taken place, with the revised Victorian Rail Plan stating that the project would be completed under Stage 6 of the plan.^[42]

As part of the Melbourne Metro 2, the Werribee and Williamstown lines would be reconfigured to provide simpler service. The Sandringham line would continue running to Williamstown with the line also travelling to and terminating at Laverton via the Altona Loop. Express services (not via the Altona Loop) would instead be served by trains exiting the Melbourne Metro 2 tunnel towards Werribee (and potentially Geelong).^[43]

Geelong Fast Rail

The Western Rail Plan is a plan that aims to improve the quality of rail services in Melbourne's western suburbs through infrastructure upgrades on a range of metropolitan and regional lines.^[6] Geelong Fast Rail was one project identified in the Western Rail Plan as a matter of priority, as it would allow for Geelong and Warrnambool services to travel back via the Werribee line, cutting travel time and allowing electrification of other corridors to occur which are currently being served exclusively by V/Line trains.^[44] Phase 1 of Geelong Fast Rail will consist of the following projects aimed at cutting travel times by 15 minutes:^[44]

• New track between Werribee and Laverton dedicated to regional services
• Upgrades and widening of bridges over main roads, creeks, and rivers
• Upgraded stations at Werribee and Laverton
• Signalling and train control system upgrades

Construction on the project expected to get underway in 2023, with the Australian and Victorian governments committing $2 billion each to the project which is expected to create 2800 new jobs.^[45]

Services

Services on the Werribee line operates from approximately 5:00 am to around 12:00 am daily.^[46] In general, during peak hours, train frequency is 5–15 minutes (reduced frequencies on the Altona Loop) while services during non-peak hours drops to 20 minutes throughout the entire route.^[3] Instead of running through the City Loop, services terminate at Flinders Street, with boosted frequencies in combination with the Williamstown line.^[47] The Night Network operates on Friday nights and weekends, with services running 24 hours a day, with 60 minute frequencies available outside of normal operating hours.^[48]

Train services on the Werribee line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.^[49]

Operators

The Werribee line has had a total of 10 operators since its opening in 1857. Early in 1857, the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company (G&MR) opened the Werribee to Little River section of the line they were building between Newport and Geelong. 2 years later in 1859, the government acquired the line and begun operations under the newly formed Victorian Railways (VR). The railway to Altona was constructed by the Altona Beach Estate Company, a private land developer, and opened on 9 November 1888 to a station named Altona Beach, which was about a kilometre to the east of the current station.^[14] As a result of the collapse of the 1880s Land Boom, regular services to Altona Beach ceased after August 1890, and the Victorian Government declined the offer of the owners to gift it the line. In 1917, the owners of the estate entered into an agreement with the Victorian Railways (VR) to provide a regular passenger service, having guaranteed to cover any operating losses.^[5] The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from its government acquisition in 1859 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line.^[52] These operators, Victorian Railways, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, the Public Transport Corporation, and Bayside Trains have a combined operational length of 140 years.

Bayside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebranded M>Train. In 2002, M>Train was placed into receivership and the state government regained ownership of the line, with KPMG appointed as receivers to operate M>Train on behalf of the state government.^[53][54][55] Two years later, rival train operator Connex Melbourne took over the M>Train operations including the Williamstown line. Metro Trains Melbourne, the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. The private operators have had a combined operational period of 30 years.^[56]

Route

v t e Werribee line
Legend
km km Multiple lines via Richmond or Jolimont City Loop 0.0 Flinders Street ●●●●●●●●●●●● 1.4 Parliament ●●●●●●●●● 2.7 Melbourne Central 3.3 Flagstaff 1.2 Southern Cross ● City Loop Albury, North East SG & Western SG lines to Albury, Sydney & Adelaide 2.9 North Melbourne ●●●●● 3.1 Dynon Road Upfield line to Upfield 3.7 CityLink 3.7 Moonee Ponds Creek Craigieburn, Seymour & Shepparton lines via Essendon Flemington Racecourse line to Flemington Racecourse South Kensington–West Footscray line to West Footscray 4.7 South Kensington (not a stop) Melbourne Metro Tunnel to Caulfield (under construction) Saltwater River (demolished) 5.5 Maribyrnong River Maribyrnong line to Maribyrnong River Terminal (dismantled) 6.6 Hopkins Street 6.9 Footscray ●●●●●●●●●■ South Kensington–West Footscray, North East SG & Western SG lines to Albury, Sydney & Adelaide or Southern Cross Multiple lines via Sunshine Footscray (Suburban) (demolished) 7.2 Napier Street 7.9 Seddon 8.5 Somerville Road 8.8 Yarraville 9.4 Francis Street (Docklands Highway) 9.6 Stony Creek 9.8 West Gate Freeway 10.5 Spotswood ANZAC & Goninans Sidings (was Spotswood Workshops) Newport–Sunshine & Western SG lines to Sunshine & Southern Cross 11.8 Newport ● 11.9 Melbourne Road Greenwich (demolished) Newport Workshops | Garden Platform (closed) | Williamstown lines to Williamstown Freezing Works Siding (demolished) Williamstown Racecourse (1st) (demolished) 14.7 Metro Infrastructure Works Siding 14.7 SEC Siding 14.9 Hatherley (demolished) 15.2 Mobiltown (demolished) 15.2 Kororoit Creek Road 15.3 Paisley (closed) 15.5 Williamstown Racecourse (2nd) (demolished) 15.6 Millers Road 16.4 Australian Carbon Black Siding CRT Siding 16.5 15.8 Kororoit Creek 16.9 BP Platform & Sidings (demolished) 17.1 Kororoit Creek Road 17.4 Seaholme 17.6 Millers Road 18.4 Altona 19.0 Maidstone Street (Removing by 2030) 19.2 Altona Beach (demolished) 19.2 Galvin (demolished) 19.8 Westona 19.9 Maidstone Street SCT Siding 21.9 23.1 Princes Freeway 22.2 23.5 Laverton 23.5 24.7 Aircraft 24.5 25.8 Palmers Road 24.7 25.9 Williams Landing 25.8 27.0 Forsyth Road 26.9 28.1 Skeleton Waterholes Creek 28.9 30.1 Hoppers Crossing 32.9 34.1 Werribee 33.1 34.3 Werribee River 33.5 34.7 end of overhead 35.0 36.2 Werribee Racecourse (closed) 35.6 36.9 end of Metro area Western SG line to Adelaide Parklands & Port Fairy line to Geelong km km
broad gauge standard gauge dual gauge

The Werribee line forms a mostly straight route from the Melbourne central business district to its terminus in Werribee. The route is 32.9 kilometres (20.4 mi) long and is fully doubled tracked from Flinders Street to its terminus, excluding during the Altona Loop. After changing from Frankston services at Flinders Street, the Werribee line traverses mainly flat country with few curves and fairly minimal earthworks for most of the line. Few sections of the line has been elevated or lowered to remove level crossings. All remaining level crossings will be removed by 2030.^[57]

The line follows the same alignment as the Williamstown line with the two services splitting onto different routes at Newport. The Werribee line continues on its south-western alignment, whereas the Williamstown line takes a southern alignment towards its final destination.^[58] Most of the rail line goes through built-up suburbs and heavy industrial areas with small pockets on non-urbanised spaces.^[58]

Stations

The line serves 17 stations across 39.2 kilometres (24.4 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, and ground level designs. The majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of level crossing removals.^[59] From 2030, Spotswood station will be elevated as part of additional level crossing removal works.^[57]

More information Station, Image ...

Station	Image	Accessibility	Opened	Terrain	Train connections	Other connections
Flinders Street		Yes—step free access	1854[60]	Lowered	13 connections *  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Craigieburn line   Flemington Racecourse line   Frankston line   Gippsland line   Glen Waverley line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Mernda line   Sandringham line   Upfield line   Williamstown line
Southern Cross			1859[60]	Ground level	25 connections *  Alamein line   Albury line   Ararat line   Ballarat line   Belgrave line   Bendigo line   Craigieburn line   Echuca line   Flemington Racecourse line   Frankston line   Geelong line   Gippsland line   Glen Waverley line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Maryborough line   Mernda line   NSW TrainLink Southern   Seymour line   Shepparton line   Swan Hill line   The Overland   Upfield line   Warrnambool line   Williamstown line
North Melbourne					6 connections *  Craigieburn line   Flemington Racecourse line   Seymour line   Shepparton line   Upfield line   Williamstown line
South Kensington		No—steep ramp	1891[60]		1 connection  Williamstown line
Footscray		Yes—step free access	1859[60]		10 connections  Ararat line   Ballarat line   Bendigo line   Echuca line   Geelong line   Maryborough line   Sunbury line   Swan Hill line   Warrnambool line   Williamstown line
Seddon		No—steep ramp	1906[60]		1 connection  Williamstown line
Yarraville		Yes—step free access	1871[60]
Spotswood			1878[60]
Newport		No—steep ramp	1859[60]
Seaholme			1920[60]
Altona		Yes—step free access	1917[60]
Westona			1985[60]
Laverton			1886[60]
Aircraft			1925[60]
Williams Landing			2013[60]
Hoppers Crossing			1970[60]
Werribee		No—steep ramp	1857[60]

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Rolling stock

The Werribee line uses three different types of electric multiple unit (EMU) trains that are operated in a split six-car configuration, with three doors per side on each carriage. The primary rolling stock featured on the line is the Comeng EMUs, built by Commonwealth Engineering between 1981 and 1988.^[62] These train sets are the oldest on the Melbourne rail network and subsequently will be replaced by the mid 2030s.^[63] Siemens Nexas EMUs are also widely featured on the line, originally built between 2002 and 2005 these train sets feature more modern technology than the Comeng trains.^[64] The final type of rolling stock featured on the line is the X'Trapolis 100 built by Alstom between 2002 and 2004, and 2009 and 2020.^[4] All of these rolling stock models are widely used on other lines across the metropolitan network and work as the backbone of the network.

Alongside the passenger trains, Werribee line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition, the overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation.^[65] Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line, Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad.^[65]

Accessibility

In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are new-built or rebuilt are fully accessible and comply with these guidelines.^[66] The majority of stations on the corridor are fully accessible, however, there are some stations that haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines.^[67] These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14.^[67] Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts.^[67] These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops, and widened paths.^[67][68]

Projects improving station accessibility have included the Level Crossing Removal Project, which involves station rebuilds and upgrades and other individual station upgrade projects.^[69][70] These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with more than 76% of Werribee line stations classed as fully accessible. This number is expected to grow within the coming years with the completion of level crossing removal works on the corridor by 2029.^[71]

Signalling

The Werribee line uses three-position signalling which is widely used across the Melbourne train network.^[72] Three-position signalling was first introduced in 1927, with the final section of the line converted to the new type of signalling in 1946.^[73] Past Werribee, three-position signalling continues further past Geelong.