Liste der Ionenradien
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Die Liste der Ionenradien ist eine alphabetisch sortierte Liste aller chemischen Elemente und ihrer Ionenradien, abhängig von ihrer Ladungs- beziehungsweise Oxidationszahl. Eine allgemeine Zusammenfassung von Element-Kategorien und Eigenschaften findet sich in der Liste der chemischen Elemente.
Aufgeteilt nach Oxidationsstufen
Koordinationszahl 2
Für die Koordinationszahl 2 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
| Element | Kürzel | Ordnungszahl | Ionenradius bei entsprechender Ladung in pm | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -2 | +1 | +2 | +6 | |||
| Kupfer | Cu | 29 | 46 | |||
| Quecksilber | Hg | 80 | 69 | |||
| Sauerstoff | O | 8 | 121 | |||
| Uran | U | 92 | 45 | |||
Koordinationszahl 3
Für die Koordinationszahl 3 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
Sämtliche Ionen haben dabei eine pyramidale Koordinationsumgebung.
Koordinationszahl 4
Für die Koordinationszahl 4 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
| Element | Kürzel | Ordnungszahl | Ionenradius bei entsprechender Ladung in pm | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -3 | -1 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | +8 | |||
| Aluminium | Al | 13 | 39 | |||||||||
| Antimon | Sb | 51 | 76 (py) | |||||||||
| Arsen | As | 33 | 34 | |||||||||
| Beryllium | Be | 4 | 27 | |||||||||
| Blei | Pb | 82 | 65 | |||||||||
| Brom | Br | 35 | 25 | |||||||||
| Cadmium | Cd | 48 | 78 | |||||||||
| Chlor | Cl | 17 | 8 | |||||||||
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | 41 | 26 | ||||||||
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | 56 | |||||||||
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | 63 | 49 | 25[2] | |||||||
| Gallium | Ga | 31 | 47 | |||||||||
| Germanium | Ge | 32 | 39 | |||||||||
| Gold | Au | 79 | 64 (sq) | |||||||||
| Hafnium | Hf | 72 | 58 | |||||||||
| Indium | In | 49 | 62 | |||||||||
| Iod | I | 53 | 42 | |||||||||
| Kalium | K | 19 | 137 | |||||||||
| Kohlenstoff | C | 6 | 15 | |||||||||
| Kupfer | Cu | 29 | 60 | 57 (sq) | ||||||||
| Lithium | Li | 3 | 59 | |||||||||
| Magnesium | Mg | 12 | 57 | |||||||||
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | 66 | 39 | 33 | 25 | ||||||
| Molybdän | Mo | 42 | 46 | 41 | ||||||||
| Natrium | Na | 11 | 99 | |||||||||
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | 49 | 48 | ||||||||
| Osmium | Os | 76 | 39 | |||||||||
| Palladium | Pd | 46 | 64 (sq) | |||||||||
| Phosphor | P | 15 | 17 | |||||||||
| Platin | Pt | 78 | 60 (sq) | |||||||||
| Quecksilber | Hg | 80 | 96 | |||||||||
| Rhenium | Re | 75 | 38 | |||||||||
| Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | 38 | 36 | ||||||||
| Schwefel | S | 16 | 12 | |||||||||
| Selen | Se | 34 | 28 | |||||||||
| Silber | Ag | 47 | 100 | 79 (sq) | ||||||||
| Silicium | Si | 14 | 26 | |||||||||
| Stickstoff | N | 7 | 146[2] | |||||||||
| Tellur | Te | 52 | 66 | 43 | ||||||||
| Thallium | Tl | 81 | 75 | |||||||||
| Titan | Ti | 22 | 42 | |||||||||
| Uran | U | 92 | 52 | |||||||||
| Vanadium | V | 23 | 36 | |||||||||
| Wolfram | W | 74 | 42 | |||||||||
| Zink | Zn | 30 | 60 | |||||||||
| Zinn | Sn | 50 | 55 | |||||||||
| Zirconium | Zr | 40 | 59 | |||||||||
Ionen in pyramidaler Koordinationsumgebung sind mit (py) und Ionen mit quadratisch-planarer Koordinationsumgebung mit (sq) gekennzeichnet.
Koordinationszahl 5
Für die Koordinationszahl 5 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
Koordinationszahl 6
Die Werte basieren auf dem von Linus Pauling bestimmten Ionenradius von 140 pm für ein O2−-Ion und damit für die Koordinationszahl 6. Ausnahmen werden mit einer entsprechenden römischen Ziffer gekennzeichnet. Die Abkürzungen ls und hs stehen für low-spin und high-spin (siehe auch Spin Crossover).[2]
| Element | Kürzel | Ordnungszahl | Ionenradius bei entsprechender Ladung in pm[1] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -3 | -2 | -1 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | +7 | |||
| Actinium | Ac | 89 | 112 | |||||||||
| Aluminium | Al | 13 | 54 | |||||||||
| Americium | Am | 95 | 98 | 85 | ||||||||
| Antimon | Sb | 51 | 76 | 60 | ||||||||
| Arsen | As | 33 | 58 | 46 | ||||||||
| Barium | Ba | 56 | 135 | |||||||||
| Berkelium | Bk | 97 | 96 | 83 | ||||||||
| Beryllium | Be | 4 | 45 | |||||||||
| Bismut | Bi | 83 | 103 | 76 | ||||||||
| Blei | Pb | 82 | 119 | 78 | ||||||||
| Bor | B | 5 | 27 | |||||||||
| Brom | Br | 35 | 196 | 39 | ||||||||
| Cadmium | Cd | 48 | 95 | |||||||||
| Caesium | Cs | 55 | 167 | |||||||||
| Calcium | Ca | 20 | 100 | |||||||||
| Californium | Cf | 98 | 95 | 82 | ||||||||
| Cer | Ce | 58 | 101 | 87 | ||||||||
| Chlor | Cl | 17 | 181 | |||||||||
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | 80 hs[2] 73 ls[2] | 62 | 55 | 49 | 44 | |||||
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | 75 hs[2] 65 ls[2] | 61 hs[2] 55 ls[2] | 53 | |||||||
| Curium | Cm | 96 | 97 | 85 | ||||||||
| Dysprosium | Dy | 66 | 107 | 91 | ||||||||
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | 78 hs[2] 61 ls[2] | 65 hs[2] 55 ls[2] | 59 | |||||||
| Erbium | Er | 68 | 89 | |||||||||
| Europium | Eu | 63 | 117 | 95 | ||||||||
| Fluor | F | 9 | 133 | 6 | ||||||||
| Francium | Fr | 87 | 180 | |||||||||
| Gadolinium | Gd | 64 | 94 | |||||||||
| Gallium | Ga | 31 | 62 | |||||||||
| Germanium | Ge | 32 | 73[2] | 53 | ||||||||
| Gold | Au | 79 | 137 | 85 | 57 | |||||||
| Hafnium | Hf | 72 | 71 | |||||||||
| Holmium | Ho | 67 | 90 | |||||||||
| Indium | In | 49 | 80 | |||||||||
| Iod | I | 53 | 220 | 95 | 93 | |||||||
| Iridium | Ir | 77 | 68 | 63 | 57 | |||||||
| Kalium | K | 19 | 138 | |||||||||
| Kohlenstoff | C | 6 | 16 | |||||||||
| Kupfer | Cu | 29 | 77 | 73 | 54[2] | |||||||
| Lanthan | La | 57 | 103 | |||||||||
| Lithium | Li | 3 | 76 | |||||||||
| Lutetium | Lu | 71 | 86 | |||||||||
| Magnesium | Mg | 12 | 72 | |||||||||
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | 83 hs[2] 67 ls[2] | 65 hs[2] 58 ls[2] | 53 | |||||||
| Molybdän | Mo | 42 | 69 | 65 | 61 | 59 | ||||||
| Natrium | Na | 11 | 102 | |||||||||
| Neodym | Nd | 60 | 98 | |||||||||
| Neptunium | Np | 93 | 101 | 87 | 75 | 72 | ||||||
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | 69 | 60 hs[2] 56 ls[2] | 48 ls[2] | |||||||
| Niob | Nb | 41 | 72 | 68 | 64 | |||||||
| Osmium | Os | 76 | 63 | 58 | 55 | |||||||
| Palladium | Pd | 46 | 86 | 76 | 62 | |||||||
| Phosphor | P | 15 | 44 | 38 | ||||||||
| Platin | Pt | 78 | 80 | 63 | 57[2] | |||||||
| Plutonium | Pu | 94 | 100 | 86 | 74 | 71 | ||||||
| Polonium | Po | 84 | 97 | 67[2] | ||||||||
| Praseodym | Pr | 59 | 99 | 85 | ||||||||
| Promethium | Pm | 61 | 97 | |||||||||
| Protactinium | Pa | 91 | 104 | 90 | 78 | |||||||
| Quecksilber | Hg | 80 | 119 | 102 | ||||||||
| Rhenium | Re | 75 | 63 | 58 | 55 | 53 | ||||||
| Rhodium | Rh | 45 | 67 | 60 | 55 | |||||||
| Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 152 | |||||||||
| Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | 68 | 62 | 57 | |||||||
| Samarium | Sm | 62 | 119 | 96 | ||||||||
| Sauerstoff | O | 8 | 140 | |||||||||
| Scandium | Sc | 21 | 75 | |||||||||
| Schwefel | S | 16 | 184 | 37 | 29 | |||||||
| Selen | Se | 34 | 198 | 50 | 42 | |||||||
| Silber | Ag | 47 | 115 | 94 | 75[2] | |||||||
| Silicium | Si | 14 | 40 | |||||||||
| Stickstoff | N | 7 | 16 | 13 | ||||||||
| Strontium | Sr | 38 | 118 | |||||||||
| Tantal | Ta | 73 | 72 | 68 | 64 | |||||||
| Technetium | Tc | 43 | 65 | 60[2] | ||||||||
| Tellur | Te | 52 | 221 | 97 | 56 | |||||||
| Terbium | Tb | 65 | 92 | 76 | ||||||||
| Thallium | Tl | 81 | 150 | 89 | ||||||||
| Thorium | Th | 90 | 94 | |||||||||
| Thulium | Tm | 69 | 101 | 88 | ||||||||
| Titan | Ti | 22 | 86 | 67 | 61 | |||||||
| Uran | U | 92 | 103 | 89 | 76 | 73 | ||||||
| Vanadium | V | 23 | 79 | 64 | 58 | 54 | ||||||
| Wasserstoff | H | 1 | 154[3] | |||||||||
| Wolfram | W | 74 | 66 | 62 | 60 | |||||||
| Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | 102 | 87 | ||||||||
| Yttrium | Y | 39 | 90 | |||||||||
| Zink | Zn | 30 | 74 | |||||||||
| Zinn | Sn | 50 | 118 | 69 | ||||||||
| Zirconium | Zr | 40 | 72 | |||||||||
Zu Gunsten einer besseren Vergleichbarkeit sind in folgendem Diagramm die oben genannten Ionenradien gegen die Elemente aufgetragen:
Die zur Anzeige dieser Grafik verwendete Erweiterung wurde dauerhaft deaktiviert. Wir arbeiten aktuell daran, diese und weitere betroffene Grafiken auf ein neues Format umzustellen. (Mehr dazu)
Koordinationszahl 7
Für die Koordinationszahl 7 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
Koordinationszahl 8
Für die Koordinationszahl 8 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
| Element | Kürzel | Ordnungszahl | Ionenradius bei entsprechender Ladung in pm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | +5 | +6 | |||
| Americium | Am | 95 | 109 | 95 | ||||
| Barium | Ba | 56 | 142 | |||||
| Berkelium | Bk | 97 | 93 | |||||
| Bismut | Bi | 83 | 117 | |||||
| Blei | Pb | 82 | 129 | 94 | ||||
| Cadmium | Cd | 48 | 110 | |||||
| Caesium | Cs | 55 | 174 | |||||
| Calcium | Ca | 20 | 112 | |||||
| Californium | Cf | 98 | 92 | |||||
| Cer | Ce | 58 | 114 | 97 | ||||
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | 90 | |||||
| Curium | Cm | 96 | 95 | |||||
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | 92 | 78 | ||||
| Erbium | Er | 68 | 100 | |||||
| Europium | Eu | 63 | 125 | 107 | ||||
| Gallium | Ga | 31 | 105 | |||||
| Hafnium | Hf | 72 | 83 | |||||
| Kalium | K | 19 | 151 | |||||
| Lanthan | La | 57 | 116 | |||||
| Lithium | Li | 3 | 92 | |||||
| Lutetium | Lu | 71 | 97 | |||||
| Magnesium | Mg | 12 | 89 | |||||
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | 96 | |||||
| Natrium | Na | 11 | 118 | |||||
| Neodym | Nd | 60 | 112 | |||||
| Niob | Nb | 41 | 79 | 74 | ||||
| Praseodym | Pr | 59 | 113 | 96 | ||||
| Promethium | Pm | 61 | 109 | |||||
| Radium | Ra | 88 | 148 | |||||
| Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 161 | |||||
| Samarium | Sm | 62 | 127 | 108 | ||||
| Scandium | Sc | 21 | 87 | |||||
| Silber | Ag | 47 | 128 | |||||
| Strontium | Sr | 38 | 126 | |||||
| Terbium | Tb | 65 | 104 | 88 | ||||
| Thallium | Tl | 81 | 159 | 98 | ||||
| Thorium | Th | 90 | 105 | |||||
| Thulium | Tm | 69 | 99 | |||||
| Titan | Ti | 22 | 74 | |||||
| Uran | U | 92 | 100 | 86 | ||||
| Vanadium | V | 23 | 72 | |||||
| Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | 114 | 99 | ||||
| Yttrium | Y | 39 | 102 | |||||
| Zink | Zn | 30 | 90 | |||||
| Zinn | Sn | 50 | 81 | |||||
| Zirconium | Zr | 40 | 84 | |||||
Koordinationszahl 9
Für die Koordinationszahl 9 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
Koordinationszahl 10
Für die Koordinationszahl 10 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
Koordinationszahl 12
Für die Koordinationszahl 12 sind folgende Ionenradien bekannt:[1]
| Element | Kürzel | Ordnungszahl | Ionenradius bei entsprechender Ladung in pm | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +1 | +2 | +3 | +4 | |||
| Barium | Ba | 56 | 161 | |||
| Blei | Pb | 82 | 149 | |||
| Caesium | Cs | 55 | 188 | |||
| Cadmium | Cd | 48 | 131 | |||
| Calcium | Ca | 20 | 134 | |||
| Cer | Ce | 58 | 134 | 114 | ||
| Kalium | K | 19 | 164 | |||
| Lanthan | La | 57 | 136 | |||
| Natrium | Na | 11 | 139 | |||
| Neodym | Nd | 60 | 127 | |||
| Radium | Ra | 88 | 170 | |||
| Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 172 | |||
| Samarium | Sm | 62 | 124 | |||
| Strontium | Sr | 38 | 144 | |||
| Thallium | Tl | 81 | 170 | |||
| Thorium | Th | 90 | 121 | |||
| Uran | U | 92 | 117 | |||
Gesamtliste
Das Kürzel py beschreibt eine pyramidale, das Kürzel sq eine quadratisch-planare Koordinationsumgebung.
| Element | Kürzel | Ordnungszahl | Ionenladung | Ionenradius in pm[1] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KoZ 2 | KoZ 3 | KoZ 4 | KoZ 5 | KoZ 6 | KoZ 7 | KoZ 8 | KoZ 9 | KoZ 10 | KoZ 12 | ||||
| Actinium | Ac | 89 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 112 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Aluminium | Al | 13 | +3 | – | – | 39 | 48 | 54 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Americium | Am | 95 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 98 | – | 109 | – | – | – |
| Americium | Am | 95 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 85 | – | 95 | – | – | – |
| Antimon | Sb | 51 | +3 | – | – | 76 (py) | – | 76 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Antimon | Sb | 51 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 60 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Arsen | As | 33 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 58 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Arsen | As | 33 | +5 | – | – | 34 | – | 46 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Barium | Ba | 56 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 135 | – | 142 | – | – | 161 |
| Berkelium | Bk | 97 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 96 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Berkelium | Bk | 97 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 83 | – | 93 | – | – | – |
| Beryllium | Be | 4 | +2 | – | – | 27 | – | 45 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bismut | Bi | 83 | +3 | – | – | – | 96 | 103 | – | 117 | – | – | – |
| Bismut | Bi | 83 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 76 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Blei | Pb | 82 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 119 | – | 129 | – | 140 | 149 |
| Blei | Pb | 82 | +4 | – | – | 65 | – | 78 | – | 94 | – | – | – |
| Bor | B | 5 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 27 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Brom | Br | 35 | −1 | – | – | – | – | 196 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Brom | Br | 35 | +5 | – | 31 (py) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Brom | Br | 35 | +7 | – | – | 25 | – | 39 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cadmium | Cd | 48 | +2 | – | – | 78 | – | 95 | – | 110 | – | – | 131 |
| Caesium | Cs | 55 | +1 | – | – | – | – | 167 | – | 174 | – | 181 | 188 |
| Calcium | Ca | 20 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 100 | – | 112 | – | 123 | 134 |
| Californium | Cf | 98 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 95 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Californium | Cf | 98 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 82 | – | 92 | – | – | – |
| Cer | Ce | 58 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 101 | – | 114 | – | 125 | 134 |
| Cer | Ce | 58 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 87 | – | 97 | – | 107 | 114 |
| Chlor | Cl | 17 | −1 | – | – | – | – | 181 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chlor | Cl | 17 | +5 | – | 12 (py) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chlor | Cl | 17 | +7 | – | – | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 73 ls[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 80 hs[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 62 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | +4 | – | – | 41 | – | 55 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 49[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chrom | Cr | 24 | +6 | – | – | 26 | – | 44 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | +2 | – | – | 56 | – | 65 ls | – | 90 | – | – | – |
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 75 hs[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 55 ls | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 61 hs[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cobalt | Co | 27 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 53[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Curium | Cm | 96 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 97 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Curium | Cm | 96 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 85 | – | 95 | – | – | – |
| Dysprosium | Dy | 66 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 107 | – | – | – | 119 | – |
| Dysprosium | Dy | 66 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 91 | – | – | – | 103 | – |
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | +2 | – | – | 63 | – | 61 ls | – | 92 | – | – | – |
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 78 hs[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | +3 | – | – | 49 | – | 55 ls | – | 78 | – | – | – |
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 65 hs[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 59[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Eisen | Fe | 26 | +6 | – | – | 25[2] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Erbium | Er | 68 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 89 | – | 100 | – | – | – |
| Europium | Eu | 63 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 117 | – | 125 | – | 135 | – |
| Europium | Eu | 63 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 95 | – | 107 | – | – | – |
| Fluor | F | 9 | −1 | – | – | – | – | 133 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Fluor | F | 9 | +7 | – | – | – | – | 6 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Francium | Fr | 87 | +1 | – | – | – | – | 180 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gadolinium | Gd | 64 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 94 | – | 105 | – | – | – |
| Gallium | Ga | 31 | +3 | – | – | 47 | – | 62 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Germanium | Ge | 32 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 73[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Germanium | Ge | 32 | +4 | – | – | 39 | – | 53 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gold | Au | 79 | +1 | – | – | – | – | 137 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gold | Au | 79 | +3 | – | – | 64 (sq) | – | 85 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gold | Au | 79 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 57 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hafnium | Hf | 72 | +4 | – | – | 58 | – | 71 | – | 83 | – | – | – |
| Holmium | Ho | 67 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 90 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Indium | In | 49 | +3 | – | – | 62 | – | 80 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Iod | I | 53 | −1 | – | – | – | – | 220 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Iod | I | 53 | +5 | – | 44 (py) | – | – | 95 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Iod | I | 53 | +7 | – | – | 42 | – | 93 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Iridium | Ir | 77 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 68 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Iridium | Ir | 77 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 63 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Iridium | Ir | 77 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 57 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Kalium | K | 19 | +1 | – | – | 137 | – | 138 | – | 151 | – | – | 164 |
| Kohlenstoff | C | 6 | +4 | – | – | 15 | – | 16 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Kupfer | Cu | 29 | +1 | 46 | – | 60 | – | 77 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Kupfer | Cu | 29 | +2 | – | – | 57 (sq) | – | 73 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Kupfer | Cu | 29 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 54[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lanthan | La | 57 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 103 | – | 116 | – | 127 | 136 |
| Lithium | Li | 3 | +1 | – | – | 59 | – | 76 | – | 92 | – | – | – |
| Lutetium | Lu | 71 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 86 | – | 97 | – | – | – |
| Magnesium | Mg | 12 | +2 | – | – | 57 | – | 72 | – | 89 | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 67 ls[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +2 | – | – | 66 | – | 83 hs[2] | – | 96 | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 58 ls[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 65 hs[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +4 | – | – | 39 | – | 53 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +5 | – | – | 33 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +6 | – | – | 26 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mangan | Mn | 25 | +7 | – | – | 25 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Molybdän | Mo | 42 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 69 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Molybdän | Mo | 42 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 65 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Molybdän | Mo | 42 | +5 | – | – | 46 | – | 61 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Molybdän | Mo | 42 | +6 | – | – | 41 | – | 59 | 73 | – | – | – | – |
| Natrium | Na | 11 | +1 | – | – | 99 | – | 102 | – | 118 | – | 124 | 139 |
| Neodym | Nd | 60 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 98 | – | 112 | 116 | – | 127 |
| Neptunium | Np | 93 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 101 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Neptunium | Np | 93 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 87 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Neptunium | Np | 93 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 75 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Neptunium | Np | 93 | +6 | – | – | – | – | 72 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | +2 | – | – | 49 | – | 69 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 56 ls[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 60 hs[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 48 ls | – | – | – | – | – |
| Niob | Nb | 41 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 72 | – | 79 | – | – | – |
| Niob | Nb | 41 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 68 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Niob | Nb | 41 | +5 | – | – | 48 | – | 64 | – | 74 | – | – | – |
| Osmium | Os | 76 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 63 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Osmium | Os | 76 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 58 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Osmium | Os | 76 | +6 | – | – | – | – | 55 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Osmium | Os | 76 | +8 | – | – | 39 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Palladium | Pd | 46 | +2 | – | – | 64 (sq) | – | 86 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Palladium | Pd | 46 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 76 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Palladium | Pd | 46 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 62 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Phosphor | P | 15 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 44 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Phosphor | P | 15 | +5 | – | – | 17 | – | 38 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Platin | Pt | 78 | +2 | – | – | 60 (sq) | – | 80 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Platin | Pt | 78 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 63 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Platin | Pt | 78 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 57[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Plutonium | Pu | 94 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 100 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Plutonium | Pu | 94 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 86 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Plutonium | Pu | 94 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 74 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Plutonium | Pu | 94 | +6 | – | – | – | – | 71 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Polonium | Po | 84 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 97 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Polonium | Po | 84 | +6 | – | – | – | – | 67[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Praseodym | Pr | 59 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 99 | – | 113 | – | – | – |
| Praseodym | Pr | 59 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 85 | – | 96 | – | – | – |
| Promethium | Pm | 61 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 97 | – | 109 | – | – | – |
| Protactinium | Pa | 91 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 104 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Protactinium | Pa | 91 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 90 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Protactinium | Pa | 91 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 78 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Quecksilber | Hg | 80 | +1 | – | – | – | – | 119 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Quecksilber | Hg | 80 | +2 | 69 | – | 96 | – | 102 | – | – | – | 114 | – |
| Radium | Ra | 88 | +2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 148 | – | – | 170 |
| Rhenium | Re | 75 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 63 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhenium | Re | 75 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 58 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhenium | Re | 75 | +6 | – | – | – | – | 55 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhenium | Re | 75 | +7 | – | – | 38 | – | 53 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhodium | Rh | 45 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 67 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhodium | Rh | 45 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 60 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rhodium | Rh | 45 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 55 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rubidium | Rb | 37 | +1 | – | – | – | – | 152 | – | 161 | – | 166 | 172 |
| Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 68 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 62 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 57 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | +7 | – | – | 38 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | +8 | – | – | 36 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Samarium | Sm | 62 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 119 | – | 127 | – | – | – |
| Samarium | Sm | 62 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 96 | – | 108 | – | – | 124 |
| Sauerstoff | O | 8 | −2 | 121 | – | – | – | 140 | – | 142 | – | – | – |
| Scandium | Sc | 21 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 75 | – | 87 | – | – | – |
| Schwefel | S | 16 | −2 | – | – | – | – | 184 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Schwefel | S | 16 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 37 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Schwefel | S | 16 | +6 | – | – | 12 | – | 29 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Selen | Se | 34 | −2 | – | – | – | – | 198 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Selen | Se | 34 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 50 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Selen | Se | 34 | +6 | – | – | 28 | – | 42 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Silber | Ag | 47 | +1 | – | – | 100 | – | 115 | – | 128 | – | – | – |
| Silber | Ag | 47 | +2 | – | – | 79 (sq) | – | 94 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Silber | Ag | 47 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 75[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Silicium | Si | 14 | +4 | – | – | 26 | – | 40 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stickstoff | N | 7 | −3 | – | – | 146[2] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stickstoff | N | 7 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 16 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Stickstoff | N | 7 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 13 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Strontium | Sr | 38 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 118 | – | 126 | – | 136 | 144 |
| Tantal | Ta | 73 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 72 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tantal | Ta | 73 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 68 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tantal | Ta | 73 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 64 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Technetium | Tc | 43 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 65 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Technetium | Tc | 43 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 60[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tellur | Te | 52 | −2 | – | – | – | – | 221 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tellur | Te | 52 | +4 | – | – | 66 | – | 97 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tellur | Te | 52 | +6 | – | – | 43 | – | 56 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Terbium | Tb | 65 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 92 | – | 104 | – | – | – |
| Terbium | Tb | 65 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 76 | – | 88 | – | – | – |
| Thallium | Tl | 81 | +1 | – | – | – | – | 150 | – | 159 | – | – | 170 |
| Thallium | Tl | 81 | +3 | – | – | 75 | – | 89 | – | 98 | – | – | – |
| Thorium | Th | 90 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 94 | – | 105 | – | 113 | 121 |
| Thulium | Tm | 69 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 101 | 109 | – | – | – | – |
| Thulium | Tm | 69 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 88 | – | 99 | – | – | – |
| Titan | Ti | 22 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 86 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Titan | Ti | 22 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 67 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Titan | Ti | 22 | +4 | – | – | 42 | – | 61 | – | 74 | – | – | – |
| Uran | U | 92 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 103 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Uran | U | 92 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 89 | – | 100 | – | – | 117 |
| Uran | U | 92 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 76 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Uran | U | 92 | +6 | 45 | – | 52 | – | 73 | – | 86 | – | – | – |
| Vanadium | V | 23 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 79 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Vanadium | V | 23 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 64 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Vanadium | V | 23 | +4 | – | – | – | 53 | 58 | – | 72 | – | – | – |
| Vanadium | V | 23 | +5 | – | – | 36 | 46 | 54 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Wasserstoff | H | 1 | −1 | – | – | – | – | 154[3] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Wolfram | W | 74 | +4 | – | – | – | – | 66 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Wolfram | W | 74 | +5 | – | – | – | – | 62 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Wolfram | W | 74 | +6 | – | – | 42 | 51 | 60 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 102 | – | 114 | – | – | – |
| Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 87 | – | 99 | – | 104 | – |
| Yttrium | Y | 39 | +3 | – | – | – | – | 90 | – | 102 | 108 | – | – |
| Zink | Zn | 30 | +2 | – | – | 60 | – | 74 | – | 90 | – | – | – |
| Zinn | Sn | 50 | +2 | – | – | – | – | 118[2] | – | – | – | – | – |
| Zinn | Sn | 50 | +4 | – | – | 55 | – | 69 | – | 81 | – | – | – |
| Zirconium | Zr | 40 | +4 | – | – | 59 | – | 72 | – | 84 | 89 | – | – |
Weblinks
- Nützliches zum Studium – Gestein und Minerale: Wertigkeiten. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, abgerufen am 7. November 2022.