Systematik der Dinosaurier

Taxon der Reptilien From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Die Dinosaurier sind ein Taxon der Archosaurier innerhalb der Sauropsiden (Sauropsida) bzw. Reptilien (Reptilia). Gemeinsam mit ihrer Schwestergruppe, den Flugsauriern (Pterosauria), bilden sie das Taxon der Ornithodira. Diese Systematik der Dinosaurier wurde nach den unter Literatur, Einzelnachweise und Weblinks aufgeführten Quellen erstellt.

Nach der 1887 durch Harry Govier Seeley^[1] vom King’s College London eingeführten und lange prägenden Systematik wurden Dinosaurier in die beiden Ordnungen beziehungsweise Entwicklungslinien Echsenbeckensaurier (Saurischia) und Vogelbeckensaurier (Ornithischia) unterteilt. In einer phylogenetischen Studie aus dem Jahr 2017, basierend auf der detaillierten Analyse von 74 Taxa und 457 Merkmalen, schlagen die Paläontologen Matthew G. Baron, David B. Norman und Paul M. Barrett eine neue Systematik vor, die den Dinosaurier-Stammbaum radikal verändert.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Demnach bestehen die Dinosaurier aus den beiden Entwicklungslinien Saurischia und Ornithoscelida. In der Klade Ornithoscelida (gr. skelis=Bein), die Thomas Henry Huxley bereits 1880 so benannt hatte,^[6] werden die Vogelbeckensaurier und die Theropoden als Schwestergruppen vereint. Die Klade Saurischia wird neu definiert und umfasst die beiden Schwestergruppen Sauropodomorpha und Herrerasauridae:

Dinosauria

Saurischia

	Herrerasauridae

	Sauropodomorpha

Ornithoscelida

	Ornithischia

	Theropoda

Vogelbeckendinosaurier (Ornithischia)

Archaeocursor
Eocursor
Lesothosaurus
Pisanosaurus
Heterodontosauridae^[7]
Thyreophora
- Scutellosaurus
- Emausaurus
- Scelidosaurus
- Thyreophora incertae sedis
  - Bienosaurus
  - Tatisaurus
- Eurypoda
  - Stegosauria
  - Ankylosauria
Cerapoda
- Marginocephalia
  - Pachycephalosauria
  - Ceratopsia
- Ornithopoda

Heterodontosauridae

Abrictosaurus
Echinodon
Fruitadens
Heterodontosaurus
Lanasaurus
Lycorhinus
Manidens
Pegomastax
Tianyulong

Ornithopoda

Agilisaurus
Alocodon
Anabisetia
Atlascopcosaurus
Bugenasaurua
Drinker
Fulgurotherium
Gasparinisaura
Hypsilophodon
Jeholosaurus
Leaellynasaura
Notohypsilophodon
Orodromeus
Othnielia
Parksosaurus
Qantassaurus
Thescelosaurus
Yandusaurus
Zephyrosaurus
Iguanodontia
- Rhabdodon
- Talenkauen^[21]
- Tenontosaurus
- Zalmoxes
- Dryomorpha
  - Dryosauridae
    - Callovosaurus
    - Dryosaurus
    - Dysalotosaurus
    - Kangnasaurus
    - Planicoxa
    - Valdosaurus
  - Ankylopollexia
    - Camptosaurus
    - Draconyx
    - Theiophytalia^[22]
  - Iguanodontoidea
    - Altirhinus
    - Craspedodon
    - Eolambia
    - Equijubus
    - Fukuisaurus
    - Iguanodon
    - Jinzhousaurus
    - Lurdusaurus
    - Muttaburrasaurus
    - Nanyangosaurus
    - Ouranosaurus
    - Probactrosaurus
    - Protohadros
    - Shuangmiaosaurus
    - Hadrosauridae
      - Bactrosaurus
      - Claosaurus
      - Gilmoreosaurus
      - Secernosaurus
      - Tanius
      - Telmatosaurus
      - Euhadrosauria
        Hadrosaurinae
        Anasazisaurus
        
        Anatotitan
        
        Aralosaurus
        
        Brachylophosaurus
        
        Edmontosaurus
        
        Gryposaurus
        
        Hadrosaurus
        
        Kritosaurus
        
        Lophorhotodon
        
        Maiasaura
        
        Naashoibitosaurus
        
        Prosaurolophus
        
        Saurolophus
        
        Shantungosaurus
        
        Lambeosaurinae
        Amurosaurus
        
        Barsboldia
        
        Charonosaurus
        
        Corythosaurus
        
        Hypacrosaurus
        
        Jaxartosaurus
        
        Lambeosaurus
        
        Nipponosaurus
        
        Olorotitan
        
        Parasaurolophus
        
        Tsintaosaurus
        
        Velafrons

Echsenbeckendinosaurier (Saurischia)

Herrerasauridae
- Herrerasaurus
- Sanjuansaurus^[23]
- Staurikosaurus
Eoraptor
Guaibasaurus
Saturnalia
Saurischia incertae sedis
- Alwalkeria
- Chindesaurus
Sauropodomorpha
- Ahvaytum
- Efraasia
- Panphagia
- Sarahsaurus
- Thecodontosaurus
- Prosauropoda
- Sauropoda
Theropoda

Prosauropoda

Ruehlia ?
Saturnalia
Thecodontosaurus
Yimenosaurus ?
Anchisauria
- Anchisauridae
  - Aardonyx^[24]
  - Ammosaurus
  - Anchisaurus
- Melanorosauridae
  - Camelotia
  - Lessemsaurus
  - Melanorosaurus
  - Riojasaurus
Plateosauria
- Coloradisaurus
- Euskelosaurus
- „Gyposaurus“
- Jingshanosaurus
- Lufengosaurus
- Massospondylus
- Mussaurus
- Plateosaurus
- Unaysaurus^[25]
- Yunnanosaurus

Sauropoda

Agustinia

Blikanasaurus
Gongxianosaurus
Isanosaurus
Kotasaurus
Ohmdenosaurus
Pulanesaura
Spinophorosaurus
Vulcanodontidae
- Tazoudasaurus
- Vulcanodon
Sauropoda incertae sedis
- Cardiodon
- Datousaurus
- Dystrophaeus
- Klamelisaurus
- Oplosaurus
- Rhoetosaurus
- Tendaguria
- Volkheimeria
Eusauropoda
- Barapasaurus
- Chuanjiesaurus
- Eomamenchisaurus
- Haplocanthosaurus
- Lourinhasaurus
- Mamenchisaurus
- Omeisaurus
- Shunosaurus
- Tehuelchesaurus
- Tienshanosaurus
- Tonganosaurus
- Yuanmousaurus
- Cetiosauridae
  - Cetiosaurus
  - Patagosaurus
- Eusauropoda incerta sedis
  - Agrosaurus
  - Amygdalodon
  - Aragosaurus
  - Hudiesaurus
- Neosauropoda
  - Diplodocoidea
    - Suuwassea
    - Rebbachisauridae
      - Cathartesaura
      - Nigersaurus
      - Rayososaurus
      - Rebbachisaurus
      - Limaysaurus^[26]
    - Dicraeosauridae
      - Amargasaurus
      - Brachytrachelopan
      - Dicraeosaurus
    - Diplodocidae
      - Apatosaurus
      - Barosaurus
      - Brontosaurus
      - Diplodocus
    - Diplodocoidea incerta sedis
      - Amphicoelias
      - Cetiosauriscus
      - Dinheirosaurus
      - Losillasaurus
      - Seismosaurus^[27]
  - Macronaria
    - Atlasaurus
    - Bellusaurus
    - Europasaurus
    - Jobaria
    - Macronaria incerta sedis
      - Abrosaurus
    - Camarasauromorpha
      - Camarasauridae
        Camarasaurus
      - Titanosauriformes
        Astrodon
        
        Australodocus^[28]
        
        Lapparentosaurus
        
        Ornithopsis
        
        Pelorosaurus
        
        Wintonotitan^[29]
        
        Familie Brachiosauridae
        Abydosaurus
        
        ?Bothriospondylus
        
        Brachiosaurus
        
        Cedarosaurus
        
        ?Daanosaurus
        
        Giraffatitan
        
        ?„Ischyrosaurus“
        
        Lusotitan
        
        ?Paluxysaurus
        
        ?Pleurocoelus
        
        Sauroposeidon
        
        Sonorasaurus
        
        Familie Huanghetitanidae
        Huanghetitan
        
        Somphospondyli
        
        Familie Euhelopodidae
        Daxiatitan
        
        Dongbeititan
        
        Dongyangosaurus
        
        Erketu
        
        Euhelopus
        
        Qiaowanlong^[30]^[31]
        
        Titanosauria^[32]
        Adamantisaurus^[33]
        
        Aegyptosaurus
        
        Agustinia
        
        Amargatitanis^[34]
        
        Andesaurus
        
        Argentinosaurus
        
        Argyrosaurus
        
        Austrosaurus
        
        Baurutitan^[35]
        
        Chubutisaurus
        
        Epachthosaurus
        
        Gobititan^[36]
        
        Huabeisaurus
        
        Janenschia
        
        Karongasaurus^[37]
        
        Ligabuesaurus^[38]
        
        Maxakalisaurus^[39]
        
        Phuwiangosaurus
        
        Sonidosaurus^[40]
        
        Tangvayosaurus
        
        Uberabatitan^[41]
        
        Venenosaurus
        
        Lithostrotia
        Aeolosaurus
        
        Alamosaurus
        
        Ampelosaurus
        
        Antarctosaurus
        
        Atsinganosaurus^[42]
        
        Bonitasaura^[43]
        
        Borealosaurus^[44]
        
        Diamantinasaurus
        
        Futalognkosaurus
        
        Gondwanatitan
        
        Isisaurus^[45]
        
        Iuticosaurus^[46]
        
        Jainosaurus
        
        Jiangshanosaurus
        
        Laplatasaurus
        
        Lirainosaurus
        
        Magyarosaurus
        
        Malawisaurus
        
        Mendozasaurus^[47]
        
        Mongolosaurus
        
        Muyelensaurus^[48]
        
        Nemegtosaurus
        
        Paralititan
        
        Pellegrinisaurus
        
        Puertasaurus^[49]
        
        Quaesitosaurus
        
        Rapetosaurus
        
        Rinconsaurus^[50]
        
        Rocasaurus
        
        Traukutitan^[51]
        
        Trigonosaurus
        
        Saltasauridae
        Bonatitan^[52]
        
        Neuquensaurus
        
        Opisthocoelicaudia
        
        Saltasaurus
        
        Nomina dubia (zweifelhafte Gattungen)
        Bruhathkayosaurus
        
        Hypselosaurus
        
        Titanosaurus^[45]

Theropoda

Coelophysoidea
Zupaysaurus
Dilophosauridae
- Cryolophosaurus
- Dilophosaurus
- Dracovenator
Neoceratosauria
Tetanurae
- Chilesaurus^[53]
- Megaraptor
- Xuanhanosaurus
- Spinosauroidea (Megalosauroidea)
- Tetanurae incertae sedis
  - Becklespinax
  - Erectopus
  - Iliosuchus
  - Kaijiangosaurus
  - Kelmayisaurus
  - Magnosaurus
  - Piveteausaurus
  - Rapator
  - Sigilmassasaurus
  - Streptospondylus
- Avetheropoda
  - Avetheropoda incertae sedis
    - Bahariasaurus
    - Gasosaurus
    - Ozraptor
    - Quilmesaurus
    - Shanyangosaurus
    - Valdoraptor
  - Carnosauria
  - Coelurosauria^[54]
    - Coelurosauria incertae sedis
      - Archaeornithoides
      - Deltadromeus
      - Kakuru
      - Nedcolbertia
      - Nqwebasaurus
      - Ricardoestesia
      - Scipionyx
      - Tugulusaurus
    - Compsognathidae
      - Aristosuchus
      - Compsognathus
      - Huaxiagnathus
      - Juravenator
      - Mirischia
      - Sinocalliopteryx
      - Sinosauropteryx
    - Coeluridae^[54]
      - Coelurus
      - Tanycolagreus
    - Tyrannosauroidea
    - Maniraptoriformes
      - Ornithomimosauria
      - Maniraptora
        Ornitholestes
        
        Therizinosauroidea
        
        Alvarezsauroidea
        
        Oviraptorosauria
        
        Paraves
        Deinonychosauria
        Troodontidae
        
        Dromaeosauridae
        
        Avialae (Vögel i. w. S.)

Coelophysoidea

Camposaurus
Coelophysis
Gojirasaurus
Liliensternus
Megapnosaurus
Podokesaurus
Procompsognathus
Sarcosaurus
Segisaurus

Ceratosauria

Ceratosaurus
Elaphrosaurus
Abelisauroidea
- Berberosaurus^[55]
- Noasauridae
  - Laevisuchus
  - Masiakasaurus
  - Noasaurus
  - Velocisaurus
  - Abelisauridae
    - Abelisaurus
    - Aucasaurus
    - Carnotaurus
    - Ekrixinatosaurus
    - Ilokelesia
    - Indosaurus
    - Kryptops
    - Lametasaurus
    - Majungasaurus
    - Rahiolisaurus
    - Rajasaurus
    - Rugops
    - Skorpiovenator
    - Vitakridrinda
    - Xenotarsosaurus
Neoceratosauria incertae sedis
- Genusaurus
- Indosuchus
- Ligabueino
Ceratosauria incertae sedis
- Limusaurus^[56]
- Sarcosaurus
- Tarascosaurus

Spinosauroidea (Megalosauroidea)

Sciurumimus
Megalosauridae
- Megalosaurinae
  - Megalosaurus
  - Poekilopleuron
  - Torvosaurus
- Eustreptospondylinae
  - Afrovenator
  - Eustreptospondylus
  - Piatnitzkysaurus
Spinosauridae
- Baryonychinae
  - Baryonyx
  - Cristatusaurus
  - Ichthyovenator^[57]
  - Suchomimus
- Spinosaurinae
  - Angaturama
  - Irritator
  - Oxalaia
  - Spinosaurus

Carnosauria

Lourinhanosaurus
Monolophosaurus
Siamotyrannus
Allosauroidea
- Aerosteon
  - Sinraptoridae
    - Metriacanthosaurus
    - Siats
    - Sinraptor
    - Yangchuanosaurus
  - Allosauridae
    - Allosaurus
    - Saurophaganax
  - Carcharodontosauridae
    - Acrocanthosaurus
    - Carcharodontosaurus
    - Concavenator^[58]
    - Eocarcharia^[59]
    - Giganotosaurus
    - Mapusaurus
    - Shaochilong
    - Tameryraptor
    - Tyrannotitan
  - Neovenatoridae^[60]
    - Chilantaisaurus
    - Neovenator
    - Megaraptora^[60]
      - Australovenator
      - Fukuiraptor
      - Megaraptor
      - Orkoraptor

Tyrannosauroidea

Appalachiosaurus
Aviatyrannis^[61]
Bagarataan
Bistahieversor
Dilong^[62]
Dryptosaurus
Eotyrannus
Raptorex
Stokesosaurus
Xiongguanlong
Yutyrannus
Proceratosauridae^[63]
- Guanlong^[64]
- Kileskus^[65]
- Proceratosaurus
- Sinotyrannus^[66]
Tyrannosauridae
- Alioramus
- Albertosaurinae
  - Albertosaurus
  - Gorgosaurus
- Tyrannosaurinae
  - Daspletosaurus
  - Lythronax
  - Nanotyrannus
  - Nanuqsaurus
  - Tarbosaurus
  - Teratophoneus
  - Tyrannosaurus
  - Zhuchengtyrannus
Tyrannosauroidea incertae sedis
- Alectrosaurus
Mögliche Tyrannosauroidea
- Itemirus
- Labocania
- Santanaraptor

Ornithomimosauria

Beishanlong^[67]
Garudimimus
Harpymimus
Pelecanimimus
Shenzhousaurus
Ornithomimidae
- Anserimimus
- Archaeornithomimus
- Dzharacursor
- Gallimimus
- Ornithomimus (einschließlich Dromiceiomimus)
- Mexidracon
- Sinornithomimus
- Struthiomimus
Status unklar
- Coelosaurus
- Deinocheirus
- Timimus

Therizinosauroidea

Alxasaurus
Beipiaosaurus
Enigmosaurus^[68]
Falcarius
Nanshiungosaurus
Suzhousaurus
Therizinosauridae
- Erliansaurus
- Erlikosaurus
- ?Eshanosaurus
- Neimongosaurus
- Nothronychus
- Segnosaurus
- Therizinosaurus

Alvarezsauroidea

Haplocheirus^[69]
Alvarezsauridae
- Achillesaurus
- Albertonykus
- Alvarezsaurus
- Patagonykus
- Mononykinae
  - Heptasteornis
  - Mononykus
  - Parvicursor
  - Shuvuuia

Oviraptorosauria

Avimimus
Caudipteryx
Incisivosaurus
Similicaudipteryx
Caenagnathoidea
- Hagryphus
- Caenagnathidae
  - Caenagnathasia
  - Chirostenotes
  - Elmisaurus
  - ?Nomingia
- Oviraptoridae
  - Banji
  - Gigantoraptor^[70]
  - Luoyanggia
  - Microvenator
  - Shixinggia
  - Ingeniinae
    - Ajancingenia
    - Conchoraptor
    - Heyuannia
    - Khaan
  - Oviraptorinae
    - Citipati
    - Nemegtomaia
    - Oviraptor
    - Rinchenia

Troodontidae

Dromaeosauridae

Mahakala
Unenlagiinae
- Austroraptor
- Buitreraptor
- Neuquenraptor
- Rahonavis
- Unenlagia
Microraptorinae
- Cryptovolans^[72]
- Graciliraptor
- Microraptor
- Hesperonychus
- Shanag
- Sinornithosaurus
- Tianyuraptor^[73]
Saurornitholestinae
- Atrociraptor
- Bambiraptor
- Saurornitholestes
Velociraptorinae
- Adasaurus
- Balaur
- Deinonychus
- Nuthetes
- Tsaagan
- Velociraptor
Dromaeosaurinae
- Achillobator
- Dromaeosaurus
- Utahraptor
Status unklar
- Dromaeosauroides
- Koparion^[74]
- Luanchuanraptor
- Pedopenna^[75]
- Pyroraptor
- Unquillosaurus
- Variraptor

Avialae (Vögel i. w. S.)

Scansoriopterygidae
- Epidexipteryx
- Epidendrosaurus
- Yi
Archaeopterygidae
- Archaeopteryx
- Wellnhoferia
Pygostylia
- Confuciusornithidae
  - Changchengornis
  - Confuciusornis
  - Eoconfuciusornis^[76]
  - Jinzhouornis^[77]
- Ornithothoraces
  - Kuszholia
  - Patagopteryx
  - Vorona
  - Enantiornithes
  - Ornithurae
    - Hesperornithiformes
    - Ichthyornithiformes
    - Neuzeitliche Vögel (Neornithes)

Siehe auch: Biologische Systematik, Systematik der Vögel, Gefiederte Dinosaurier

Literatur

David B. Weishampel, Peter Dodson, Halszka Osmólska (Hrsg.): The Dinosauria. 2nd edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif. u. a. 2004, ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
Thomas R. Holtz Jr.: Classification and Evolution of the Dinosaur Groups. In: Gregory S. Paul: The Scientific American Book of Dinosaurs. St. Martin’s Press, New York NY 2000, ISBN 0-312-26226-4.

Weblinks

Dinosaur Genus List (PDF; 188 kB) – Supplementary Information to Dinosaurs by Thomas R. Holtz – Stand: 31. Juli 2008. Ergänzende Informationen hier (en.; PDF-Datei; 184 kB)
Dinosaur Supertree 2008 (Berücksichtigt 440 Arten, en.)
A genus-level supertree of the Dinosauria (2002) (Berücksichtigt 277 Gattungen, PDF-Datei, en.; 272 kB)
Dinosauria beim TOL (en.)
Thomas R. Holtz: A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs (PDF-Datei; 833 kB)

Einzelnachweise

[1]
Harry G. Seeley: The classification of the Dinosauria. In: Report of the Fifty-Seventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science held at Manchester in August and September 1887. ISSN 0262-690X, S. 698–699, Digitalisat.
[2]
K Padian: Palaeontology: Dividing the dinosaurs. In: Nature. 543. Jahrgang, 2017, S. 494–495, PMID 28332523 (nature.com).
[3]
MG Baron, Norman DB, Barrett PM: A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. In: Nature. 543. Jahrgang, 2017, S. 501–506, PMID 28332513.
[4]
Alexandra Grass: Paläontologie. Dino-Stammbaum neu. Wiener Zeitung, 23. März 2017, abgerufen am 17. April 2017.
[5]
Frank Patalong: Neuordnung. Studie stellt Dinosaurier-Stammbaum in Frage. Spiegel Online, 23. März 2017, abgerufen am 17. April 2017.
[6]
TH Huxley: On the classification of the Dinosauria with observations on the Dinosauria of the Trias. In: Q J Geol Soc. 26. Jahrgang, 1880, S. 32–51.
[7]
Richard J. Butler, Paul Upchurch, David B. Norman: The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. In: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. Bd. 6, Nr. 1, 2008, ISSN 1477-2019, S. 1–40, doi:10.1017/S1477201907002271.
[8]
Clifford A. Miles, Clark J. Miles: Skull of Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani, a new Cretaceous ankylosaur from the Gobi Desert. In: Current Science. Bd. 96, Nr. 1, 2009, ISSN 0011-3891, S. 65–70, online (PDF; 1,04 MB).
[9]
Michael E. Burns: Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms: Glyptodontopelta mimus Ford, 2000: a test case. In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Bd. 28, Nr. 4, 2008, ISSN 0272-4634, S. 1102–1109, doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102.
[10]
Kenneth Carpenter, Jeff Bartlett, John Bird, Reese Barrick: Ankylosaurs from the Price River Quarries, Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), east-central Utah. In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Bd. 28, Nr. 4, 2008, S. 1089–1101, doi:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1089.
[11]
David C. Evans, Ryan K. Schott, Derek W. Larson, Caleb M. Brown, Michael J. Ryan: The oldest North American pachycephalosaurid and the hidden diversity of small-bodied ornithischian dinosaurs. In: Nature Communications. Bd. 4, Article Nr. 1828, 2013, doi:10.1038/ncomms2749.
[12]
Nicholas R. Longrich, Julia Sankey, Darren Tanke: Texacephale langstoni, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA. In: Cretaceous Research. Bd. 31, Nr. 2, 2010, ISSN 0195-6671, S. 274–284, doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.002.
[13]
Yuong-Nam Lee, Michael J. Ryan, Yoshitsugu Kobayashi: The first ceratopsian dinosaur from South Korea. In: Naturwissenschaften. Bd. 98, Nr. 1, 2010, S. 39–49, doi:10.1007/s00114-010-0739-y.
[14]
James I. Kirkland, Donald D. DeBlieux: New basal centrosaurine ceratopsian skulls from the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, southern Utah. In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, David A. Eberth (Hrsg.): New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN 2010, ISBN 978-0-253-35358-0, S. 117–140.
[15]
Andrew T. McDonald, John R. Horner: New Material of „Styracosaurus“ ovatus from the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. In: Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J. Chinnery-Allgeier, David A. Eberth (Hrsg.): New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs. The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN 2010, ISBN 978-0-253-35358-0, S. 156–168.
[16]
Xing Xu, KeBai Wang, XiJin Zhao, DunJing Li: First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications. In: Chinese Science Bulletin. Bd. 55, Nr. 16, 2010, ISSN 0250-7862, S. 1631–1635, doi:10.1007/s11434-009-3614-5.
[17]
Andrew A. Farke, Michael J. Ryan, Paul M. Barrett, Darren H. Tanke, Dennis R. Braman, Mark A. Loewen, Mark R. Graham: A new centrosaurine from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of parietal ornamentation in horned dinosaurs. In: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Bd. 56, Nr. 4, 2011, ISSN 0567-7920, S. 691–702, doi:10.4202/app.2010.0121.
[18]
David C. Evans, Michael J. Ryan. Cranial Anatomy of Wendiceratops pinhornensis gen. et sp. nov., a Centrosaurine Ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Alberta, Canada, and the Evolution of Ceratopsid Nasal Ornamentation. PLOS ONE, 2015; 10 (7): e0130007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130007
[19]
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Avialae (Vögel i. w. S.)

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