1891 in Germany
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Events in the year 1891 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
- Emperor â Wilhelm II
- Chancellor â Leo von Caprivi
State level
Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria â Otto
- King of Prussia â Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony â Albert
- King of Württemberg â Charles to 6 October, then William II
Grand Duchies
Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe â Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt â Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen â Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Lippe â Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line â Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
- Reuss Younger Line â Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont â George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Duchies
Colonial Governors
- Cameroon (Kamerun) â from 7 August Bruno von Schuckmann (acting governor)
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) â Hermann Wissmann (commissioner) (1st term) to 21 February, then Julius Freiherr von Soden (with ... Rüdiger, acting governor)
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) â Fritz Rose (commissioner)
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) â Louis Nels (acting commissioner) to March, then Curt von François (commissioner)
- Togoland â Eugen von Zimmerer (commissioner) to 14 April, then vacant
Events
- 23â24 January â 1891 European Figure Skating Championships in Hamburg
Undated
- German company Dr. Oetker is founded in Bielefeld.[1]
- Robert Koch Institute is founded in Berlin.
- International Electrotechnical Exhibition in Frankfurt am Main
- The modern taximeter is invented by German Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn.[2]
- The Fischer projection is devised by Hermann Emil Fischer.
- August Thyssen and Joseph Thyssen found German steel company Thyssen.
Births
- 8 January â Walther Bothe, German physicist (died 1957)
- 22 January â Bruno Loerzer, German aviator and air force general (died 1960)
- 24 January â Walter Model, German field marshal (died 1945)
- 27 January â Wilhelm Morgner, German painter (died 1917)
- 31 January â Kurt von Plettenberg, German forester (died 1945)
- 14 February â Erich Engel, film and theatre director (died 1966)
- 15 February â Josef Wintrich, German judge (died 1958)
- 17 February â Abraham Fraenkel, Israeli mathematician and Zionist (died 1965)
- 3 March â Fritz Rumey, German World War I fighter ace (died 1918)
- 11 March â Gertrud Wolle, German film actress (died 1952)
- 12 March â Hermann Stenner, German painter (died 1914)
- 24 March â Rudolf Berthold, German fighter pilot (died 1920)
- 28 March â Peter Suhrkamp, German publisher (died 1959)
- 2 April â Max Ernst, German painter (died 1976)
- 10 May â Anton Dostler, German general (died 1945)
- 13 May â Fritz Rasp, German actor (died 1976)
- 13 May â Wilhelm Weskamm, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church (died 1956)
- 16 May â Adolf Ritter von Tutschek, German fighter ace (died 1918)
- 18 May â Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (died 1970)
- 22 May â Johannes R. Becher, German politician, poet and novelist (died 1958)
- 21 June - Hermann Scherchen, German conductor (died 1966)
- 14 July â Fritz Kampers, German actor (died 1950)
- 14 July â Werner Rittberger, German figure skater (died 1975)
- 29 July â Bernhard Zondek, Israeli gynecologist, developer of first reliable pregnancy test (died 1966)
- 7 August â Johannes Joseph van der Velden, German bishop of Roman Catholic Church (died 1954)
- 4 September â Fritz Todt, German engineer (died 1942)
- 16 September â Karl Dönitz, German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II (died 1980)
- 22 September â Hans Albers, German actor (died 1960)
- 9 October â Kurt von Tippelskirch, German general (died 1957)
- 22 October â Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg, German politician and landowner (died 1958)
- 25 October â Karl Elmendorff, German conductor (died 1962)
- 14 November â Josef Magnus Wehner, German poet and playwright (died 1973)
- 15 November â Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (died 1944)
- 16 November â Julius Leber, German politician (died 1945)
- 2 December â Otto Dix, German painter and forced Volkssturm conscript (died 1969)
- 6 December â Gotthard Sachsenberg, German World War I naval aviator and fighter ace (died 1961)
- 10 December â Nelly Sachs, German poet and playwright (died 1970)
- 17 December â Karl Emil Schäfer, German World War I fighter ace (died 1917)
Deaths
- 26 January â Nicolaus Otto, German engineer and inventor (born 1832)
- 27 February â Karl Eduard Heusner, German admiral (born 1843)
- 14 March â Ludwig Windthorst, German politician (born 1812)
- 24 April â Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal, chief of staff of the Prussian Army for thirty years (born 1800)
- 22 May â Ernst Julius Hähnel, German sculptor (born 1811)
- 23 June â Wilhelm Eduard Weber, chemist (born 1804)
- 21 June â Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff, general (born 1832)
- 6 October â Charles I, King of Württemberg (born 1823)
- 14 December â Ferdinand von Roemer, German geologist (born 1818)
- 29 December â Leopold Kronecker, German mathematician (born 1823)