1978 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised faeces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred in the year 1978.

A paleoanthropological team led by Mary Leakey found 3.5 million year old human footprints.
Baby hadrosaurs were discovered in the Two Medicine Formation.^[2]

Cnidarians

Maurits Lindström, described the earliest known octocoral in Sweden shifting the first known appearance from the Cretaceous to the Ordovician.^[3]

Arthropods

Newly named crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Aenigmacaris^[4]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	An aeschronectid, type species is A. cornigerum	Aenigmacaris
Bairdops beargulchensis^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	An early mantis shrimp
Dithyrocaris rolfei^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	A phyllocarid
Perimecturus rapax^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	An early mantis shrimp	Perimecturus rapax
Sairocaris centurion^[4]	Sp nov	Valid	Schram & Horner	Serpukhovian	Bear Gulch Limestone	United States Montana	A sairocaridid

Fish

Newly named Ray-finned fish

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
Eohiodon woodruffi^[5]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Wilson	Ypresian	Klondike Mountain Formation	United States Washington	A mooneye, Moved to Hiodon woodruffi in 2008^[6]	Hiodon woodruffi

Dinosaurs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[7]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Notes	Images
"Amtosaurus"^[8]	Gen nov	Nomen dubium.	Kurzanov		Tumanova
"Coloradia"^[9]	Gen et sp nov	jr homonym	Bonaparte				Preoccupied by Blake 1863. Renamed Coloradisaurus.
Lesothosaurus^[10]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Galton	Early Jurassic		Lesotho	Possible junior synonym of Fabrosaurus.	Lesothosaurus
Micropachycephalosaurus^[11]	Gen nov	Valid	Dong			China	A pachycephalosaur.	Micropachycephalosaurus
Ohmdenosaurus^[12]		Valid	Wild			Germany
"Roccosaurus"^[13]		Nomen nudum.	van Heerden vide: Anderson & Cruickshank				Junior synonym of Melanorosaurus.
Saurornitholestes^[14]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Sues	Campanian	Judith River Formation	Canada ( Alberta	A North Polar Dromaeosaur.	Saurornitholestes
Yangchuanosaurus^[15]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Zhiming, Chang, Li, & Zhou			China	A carnosaur	Yangchuanosaurus

General research

Peter M. Galton published a paper on Fabrosauridae, including redescribing Fabrosaurus, Echinodon and Nanosaurus along with naming Lesothosaurus.^[10]

Birds

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Aldabranas cabri ^[16]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Late Pleistocene	Aldabra Atoll	Seychelles	An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Anser eldaricus ^[17]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Nikolaj I. Burchak-Abramovich D. V. Gadzyev	Pliocene	Late Sarmantian	Soviet Union (Now Azerbaijan)	An Anatidae.
Apus baranensis ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Late Pliocene	MN 16a; MN 17	Hungary Bulgaria	An Apodidae.
Chaetura baconica ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Late Miocene	MN 11-12	Hungary	An Apodidae.
"Gallus" europaeus ^[19]	Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Colin J. O. Harrison	Middle Pleistocene	MQ 2A	UK	A Phasianidae. The taxonomic status of this species should be reevaluated. There is no evidence, that it belongs to the genus Gallus Brisson.
Gavia brodkorbi ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hildegarde Howard	Late Miocene	Monterey Formation	USA ( California)	A Gaviidae.
Mergus miscellus ^[21]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Rafael Alvarez Storrs L. Olson	Late Miocene	Calvert Formation	USA( Virginia and Maryland)	An Anatidae.
"Milvus" brachypterus ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Early Pleistocene	MQ 1b	Hungary	An Apodidae Incertae Sedis.
Morus magnus ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hildegarde Howard	Late Miocene	Monterey Formation	USA ( California)	A Sulidae.
Phalacrocorax anatolicus ^[22]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Middle Miocene	Helvetian	Turkey	A Phalacrocoracidae, transferred to the genus Nectornis Cheneval, 1984 by Mlíkovský, 1998.^[23]
Pterodroma kurodai ^[16]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker	Pleistocene	Aldabra Atoll	Seychelles	A Procellariidae.
Puffinus barnesi ^[20]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hildegarde Howard	Late Miocene	Monterey Formation	USA ( California)	A Procellariidae.
Recurvirostra sanctaneboulae ^[24]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Late Eocene	MP 18	France	A Recurvirostridae, most unlikely it is a Recurvirostra or even a Recurvirostridae.
Surnia robusta ^[18]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Dénes Jánossy	Late Pliocene; Early Pleistocene	MN 16, MN 18; MQ 1b	Hungary	A Strigidae.

Pterosaurs

Name	Status	Authors	Notes
Geosternbergia	Valid	Miller	USA ( South Dakota)	Geosternbergia
Peteinosaurus	Valid	Wild	Italy
Campylognathoides Indicus^[25]	Nomen Dubium		India

Popular culture

References

↑ Newman, Garfield; et al. (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 978-0-07-088739-8.
↑ Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.
↑ Bergström, Stig M.; Bergström, Jan; Kumpulainen, Risto; Ormö, Jens; Sturkell, Erik (2007). "Maurits Lindström – A renaissance geoscientist". GFF. 129 (2): 65–70. Bibcode:2007GFF...129...65B. doi:10.1080/11035890701292065. S2CID 140593975.
1 2 3 4 5 Schram, Frederick R.; Horner, John (1978). "Crustacea of the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Central Montana". Journal of Paleontology. 52 (2): 394–406. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1303712.
↑ Wilson, M. (1978). "Eohiodon woodruffi n. sp.(Teleostei, Hiodontidae), from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation near Republic, Washington". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 15 (5): 679–686. Bibcode:1978CaJES..15..679W. doi:10.1139/e78-075.
↑ Hilton, E. J.; Grande, L. (2008). "Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 295 (1): 221–251. Bibcode:2008GSLSP.295..221H. doi:10.1144/sp295.13. S2CID 128680041.
↑ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
↑ Kurzanov, S.M. and T.A. Tumanova. 1978. On the structure of the endocranium in some anylosaurs from Mongolia [in Russian]. Paleontol. Zh. 1978: pp. 90-96.
↑ Bonaparte, J.F. 1978. Coloradia brevis n. gen. et. n. sp. (Saurischia, Prosauropoda), dinosaurio Plateosauridae de la Formacion Los Colorados Triasico superior de La Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 15: pp. 327-332.
1 2 Galton, P.M. (1978). "Fabrosauridae, the basal family of ornithischian dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithopoda)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 52 (1–2): 138–159. Bibcode:1978PalZ...52..138G. doi:10.1007/BF03006735. S2CID 84613826.
↑ Dong, Z. 1978. A new genus of Pachycephalosauria from Laiyang, Shantung. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 16: pp. 225-228.
↑ Wild, R. 1978. Ein Sauropoden-Rest (Reptilia, Saurischia) aus dem Posidonienschiefer (Lias, Toarcium) von Holzmaden. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paleontologie) 41: pp. 1-15.
↑ van Heerden vide Anderson, J. M., and A.R.I. Cruickshank. 1978. The biostratigraphy of the Permian and the Triassic. Part 5. A review of the classification and distribution of Permo-Triassic tetrapods. Palaeontographica Africana 21: pp. 15-44.
↑ Sues, H -D. 1978. A new small theropod dinosaur from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. London 62: pp. 381-400.
↑ Dong, Z., Y. Chang, X. Li, and S. Zhou. 1978. Note on a new carnosaur (Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Jurassic of Yangchuan District, Szechuan Province. Kexue Tongbao 23: pp. 298-302.
1 2 Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1978). "Pleistocene Bird Remains from Aldabra Atoll Indian Ocean". Journal of Natural History. 12 (1): 7–14. Bibcode:1978JNatH..12....7H. doi:10.1080/00222937800770021a.
↑ Nikolaj I. Burchak-Abramovich & D. V. Gadzyev (1978). "Anser eldaricus sp. nova from Upper Sarmatian Hipparion Fauna of Eldar". Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 23: 67–78.
1 2 3 4 Dénes Jánossy (1978). "Plio-Pleistocene Bird Remains from the Carpathian Basin. III. Strigiformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes". Aquila. 84: 9–36.
↑ Colin J. O. Harrison (1978). "A New Jungle-Fowl from the Pleistocene of Europe". Journal of Archaeological Science. 290 (4): 1–26. Bibcode:1978JArSc...5..373H. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(78)90056-0.
1 2 3 Hildegarde Howard (1978). "Late Miocene Marine Birds from Orange County, California" (PDF). Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science. 290: 1–26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
↑ Alvarez, Rafael; Storrs L. Olson (1978). "A New Merganser from the Miocene of Virginia (Aves: Anatidae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 91 (2): 522–532.
↑ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1978). "Oiseaux. Pg. 52-54 In: Jean Claude Paicheler, France de Broin, Jean Gaudant, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, Jean Claude Rage & Colette Vergnoud-Crazzini, 1978: Le Basin Lacustre Miocène de Bes-Konak (Anatolie-Turquie): Gélogie et Introduction à la Paléontologie des Vertébrés". Géobios. 11 (1): 43–65. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(78)80018-7.
↑ Jirí Mlíkovský (1978). "Early Miocene Birds of Břešt'any, Czech Republic" (PDF). Casopis Narodniho Muzea, Rada Prirodovedna. 167: 99–101. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
↑ Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1978). "La Poche à Phosphate de Ste. Neboule (Lot) et sa Faune de Vertébrès du Ludien Supérieur. 6. Oiseaux". Palaeovertebrata. 8: 217–229.
↑ Jain, S. L. (1974). "Jurassic pterosaur from India". Geological Society of India. 15 (3): 330–335. Bibcode:1974JGSI...15..330J. doi:10.17491/jgsi/1974/150318. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
↑ Sarjeant, W. A. S., 2001, Dinosaurs in fiction: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 504-529.

Newly named crustaceans

Newly named Ray-finned fish

Newly named dinosaurs

General research

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