Aromanian alphabet
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The Aromanian alphabet (Aromanian: Alfabetu armãnescu/rrãmãnescu) is a variant of the Latin script used for writing the Aromanian language. The current version of the alphabet was suggested in 1997 at the Symposium for Standardisation of the Aromanian Writing System in Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia and revised in 1999. It was then adopted by most Aromanian writers in North Macedonia, Serbia, Albania, Bulgaria and Romania.[1]
The alphabet consists of several letters and digraphs.[2] The Aromanian alphabet is since 1997 standardized.
| Letter | Name[3] | Pronunciation (IPA) | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A, a | a | /a/ | – | |
| Ã, ã | ã | /ə/, /ɨ/ (sometimes) | – | |
| B, b | bã | /b/ | – | |
| C, c | cã | /k/, /tʃ/, /x/ | /k/ when followed by "a", "o", "u" or a consonant; (/x/ in some dialects), /tʃ/ when followed by "e" or "i" | |
| D, d | dã | /d/ | – | |
| Dh, dh | dhã | /ð/ | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "d" is used | |
| Dz, dz | dzã | /dz/ | – | |
| E, e | e | /ɛ/ | – | |
| F, f | fã | /f/ | – | |
| G, g | gã | /ɡ/, /dʒ/, /ɣ/ | /ɡ/ before "a", "o", "u" or a consonant (/ɣ/ in some dialects), /dʒ/ before "e" and "i" | – |
| H, h | hã | /h/ | – | |
| I, i | i | /i/ | – | |
| J, j | jã | /ʒ/ | – | |
| K, k | ca | /c/ | before "e" or "i" only | |
| L, l | lã | /l/ | – | |
| Lj, lj | ljã | /ʎ/ | Found in Macedonian Latin alphabet | |
| M, m | mã | /m/ | – | |
| N, n | nã | /n/ | – | |
| Nj, nj | njã | /ɲ/ | Found in Macedonian Latin alphabet | |
| O, o | o | /o/ | – | |
| P, p | pã | /p/ | – | |
| Q, q | kiu | /k/ | Used only in foreign words – "c" is normally used instead | |
| R, r | rã | /r/ | – | |
| Rr, rr | rrã | /r/ | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "r" is used | |
| S, s | sã | /s/ | – | |
| Sh, sh | shã | /ʃ/ | – | |
| T, t | tã | /t/ | – | |
| Th, th | thã | /θ/ | Used only for notation in particular accents where this phoneme is present, otherwise "t" is used | |
| Ts, ts | tsã | /ts/ | – | |
| U, u | u | /u/, /ʷ/ | For /ʷ/, "ù" may be used | |
| V, v | vã | /v/ | – | |
| W, w | dublã vã | /w/ | Used only in foreign words | |
| X, x | csã/gzã | /ks/, /ɡz/ | Same pronunciation as found in English | |
| Y, y | i greacã | /j/, /ɣ/ | /j/ before "e" and "i", /ɣ/ elsewhere | |
| Z, z | zã | /z/ | – | |
In addition, the digraph "gh" (/ɟ/ before "e" and "i") is used as well.
