Banjarese language
Native language of Banjarese people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Banjarese (/ˈbændʒəˌriːz/ BAN-juh-reez; Basa Banjar, Jaku Banjar, Jawi script: باس بنجر IPA: [basa bandʒar], [dʒaku bandʒar]) or simply Banjar, is an Austronesian language of the Malayic branch predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the de facto lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan (notably in Seruyan Regency and Sukamara Regency) and East Kalimantan in general.
Malaysia (notably in Perak, Selangor, Kedah and Johor), Singapore and Brunei Darussalam
| Banjarese | |
|---|---|
| Banjar | |
| Basa Banjar, Jaku Banjar باس بنجر | |
A trilingual English–Indonesian–Banjar warning sign | |
| Pronunciation | [basa bandʒar], [dʒaku bandʒar] |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Kalimantan
Diaspora: Malaysia (notably in Perak, Selangor, Kedah and Johor), Singapore and Brunei Darussalam |
| Ethnicity | Banjarese |
Native speakers | L1: 4,127,124 (2010 census)[1] L1 & L2: ~10,650,000 |
Austronesian
| |
Standard forms | Standard Banjarese |
| Dialects | |
| |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (in Indonesia) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bjn |
| Glottolog | banj1239 |
| Linguasphere | 31-MFA-fd |
 | |
Banjarese also has significant population in other provinces in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra (Riau and North Sumatra) even some regencies in Riau has a Banjarese majority population like in Indragiri Hilir Regency.
Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroad Malaysia, (notably in Perak, Selangor, Kedah and Johor with significant minorities in Sabah, Brunei Darussalam and Singapore);[6] however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.
Dialects
There are at least two divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:
According to Cense,[7] the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions. Berangas language, a Barito language that is almost extinct in South Kalimantan, also has a close relationship with Banjar Kuala dialect, where it absorbs much of the Banjarese language vocabulary, but lexically it is closer to other Barito languages, especially Bakumpai language.[8]
Phonology
Consonants
The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but [ʔ] occur at the onset of a syllable:[9]
- [ʔ] is an allophone of /k/ at the end of a word.
- The following consonants can close a CVC syllable: /p t k m n ŋ s h r l/. Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always be homorganic, though reduplication and a few prefixes such as sing- can produce other sequences, e.g. /ŋb, ŋp, ŋt, ŋr, ŋl, kr, /. Other medial sequences include /kt/, /kn/, /ŋn/, /nɲ/, /st/, /sn/, /hk/, /hj/, /lk/ and /rɡ/.[2]
Vowels
Sudarmo finds five monophthongs:[9]
Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:[2]
Regionally, /a/ has an allophone [ə] and /u/ has an allophone [ɔ]. The diphthongs are /ai/, /au/, /ui/. Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. kréték is realized as [karitik]. However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.
Alphabet
Sample text
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Banjarese:
Sabarataan urang dilahirakan mardeka wan baisi martabat wan hak-hak nang sama. Buhannya dibarii akal wan hati nurani wan saharusnya bagaul satu wan nang lainnya dalam sumangat parsaudaraan.[11]
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
