Portal:Indonesia

Selamat Datang / Welcome to the Indonesian Portal

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Comprising over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). Indonesia has significant areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity. It shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, and Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with seven other countries, including Australia, Singapore, and the Philippines.

The Indonesian archipelago has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with early human presence evidenced by fossils of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens, and megalithic sites. By the early second millennium, it had become a crossroads for international trade linking East and South Asia. Over the centuries, external influences—including Hinduism, Buddhism and later Islam—were absorbed into local societies, which introduced lasting cultural and religious influences. European powers later competed to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery, followed by three and a half centuries of Dutch colonial rule, before Indonesia proclaimed its independence in the aftermath of World War II.

Indonesian society comprises hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups, with Javanese forming the largest. National identity is unified under the motto Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, reflected by a national language alongside cultural and religious pluralism. A newly industrialised country, Indonesia has the largest national economy in Southeast Asia by GDP. The country is active in regional and global affairs as a middle power and is a member of major multilateral organisations, including the United Nations, G20, the Non-Aligned Movement, ASEAN, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. (Full article...)

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Cast of Skull X at the Hall of Human Origins, Washington, D.C.

Solo Man (Homo erectus soloensis) is a subspecies of H. erectus that lived along the Solo River in Java, Indonesia, about 117,000 to 108,000 years ago in the Late Pleistocene. This population is the last known record of the species. It is known from 14 skullcaps, two tibiae, and a piece of the pelvis excavated near the village of Ngandong, and possibly three skulls from Sambungmacan and a skull from Ngawi depending on classification. The Ngandong site was first excavated from 1931 to 1933 under the direction of Willem Frederik Florus Oppenoorth, Carel ter Haar, and Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald, but further study was set back by the Great Depression, World War II and the Indonesian War of Independence. In accordance with historical race concepts, Indonesian H. erectus subspecies were originally classified as the direct ancestors of Aboriginal Australians; however, Solo Man is now thought to have no living descendants as the remains far predate modern human immigration into the area, which began roughly 55,000 to 50,000 years ago.

The Solo Man skull is oval-shaped in top view, with heavy brows, inflated cheekbones, and a prominent bar of bone wrapping around the back. The brain volume was quite large, measuring from 1,013 to 1,251 cubic centimetres (61.8 to 76.3 cu in), which is within the range of variation for present-day modern humans. One potentially female specimen may have been 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) tall and weighed 51 kg (112 lb); males were probably much bigger than females. Solo Man was in many ways similar to the Java Man (H. e. erectus) that had earlier inhabited Java, but was far less archaic. (Full article...)

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A decorative kris; the kris is a traditional dagger found in much of Indonesia and Malaysia

Photographer: Crisco 1492; Restoration: JJ Harrison; License: Creative Commons CC-BY-SA

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Different types of jamu held in bottles, Solo, Central Java

Jamu (Javanese script: ꦗꦩꦸ) is a traditional medicine from Indonesia. It is predominantly a herbal medicine made from natural materials, such as roots, bark, flowers, seeds, leaves and fruits. Materials acquired from animals, such as honey, royal jelly, milk and native chicken eggs are often used as well. (Full article...)

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Official portrait, 1956

Fakih Usman (alternatively spelled as Faqih Usman; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌfakɪh ˈʊsman]; 2 March 1904 – 3 October 1968) was an Indonesian Islamic leader and politician of the Masyumi Party. He twice served as the Minister of Religious Affairs under the cabinets of Abdul Halim and Wilopo from January until September 1950, and again from 1952 until 1953. In his early years, Fakih was criticized by conservative Muslims for his involvement with the modernist Islamic Muhammadiyah organization, though he is remembered fondly by the group. Born to a merchant and his wife in Gresik, Dutch East Indies, Fakih studied with his father and at a series of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) until the 1920s.

In 1925 he became involved with the Muhammadiyah, rising quickly through the leadership until he became the head of the Surabaya branch in 1938. He was also active in local politics, in 1937, he became the treasurer of the Indonesian Islamic Assembly. He continued to be involved in politics and Islamic groups during the Japanese occupation and the ensuing national revolution. Following the end of the war, he was appointed Minister of Religious Affairs. As a minister, he oversaw educational and institutional reform, growing in prominence within the Muhammadiyah. He also served as deputy chairman of the organization under several different leaders before being chosen as its chairman in late 1968. He died several days later. (Full article...)

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Did you know - show different entries

... that Lawang Sewu: Kuntilanak's Vengeance was described by a critic as "truly 'raping' an icon of Semarang", Lawang Sewu (pictured)?
... that Indonesian prostitutes are sometimes marketed via Facebook?
... that the most recent confirmed sighting of the vulnerable Invisible Rail was in 2003?

More did you know facts

More Did you know (auto generated)

... that water-filled pits left behind by tin mining activities in Indonesia have become tourist attractions?
... that two films by Chaerul Umam – Ketika Cinta Bertasbih and its sequel – were the first to be labelled halal by the Indonesian Ulama Council?
... that around 80 percent of foreign tourists to the Indonesian province of Lampung in 2019 went to the town of Krui?
... that two sons of Ismail Thomas contested the 2024 regency election to succeed Fransiskus Xaverius Yapan in West Kutai, Indonesia, and the younger brother, Frederick Edwin, won?
... that Melani Budianta used street gangs and Moonies in Los Angeles to reflect on the state of democracy in Indonesia?
... that, when he visited Surabaya, Indonesian defense minister Sulyoadikusumo was arrested by a local military commander who proceeded to claim his title?

In this month

5 July 1959 – President Sukarno issues a decree dissolving the Constituent Assembly and reintroducing the Constitution of 1945
8 July 1976 – The Palapa A1, Indonesia's first communication satellite, is launched from Cape Canaveral
12 July 1975 – The National Monument (pictured) in Jakarta is dedicated
23 July 2001 – Indonesia's first female president, Megawati Sukarnoputri, takes office
29 July 1947 – A flight carrying medical supplies is shot down over Bantul; this date is commemorated as a service day for the Indonesian Air Force

More anniversaries...

General images

The following are images from various Indonesia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Taufik Hidayat, 2004 Olympic gold medalist in badminton men's singles. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 2Talempong, a traditional percussion instrument from West Sumatra (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 38th-century Borobudur Buddhist monument, Sailendra dynasty, is the largest Buddhist temple in the world. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 4Indonesian wood carving (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 5Puncak in West Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 6Penglipuran Village, one of the cleanest villages in the world, is located in Bali. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 7Saronde Island, Gorontalo (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 8Pandava and Krishna in an act of the Wayang Wong performance (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 9Bugis Pinisi shipbuilding (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 10Harau canyon in Lima Puluh Kota Regency Is close to Payakumbuh, West Sumatra (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 11Hotel Savoy Homann (completed 1939) in Bandung, an example of Art Deco architecture in Indonesia (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 12Kolintang, a traditional xylophone-like instrument from North Sulawesi (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 13Former Batavia Stadhuis now Jakarta History Museum in Kota Tua (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 14Indonesian Javanese wayang kulit shadow puppet. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 15A megalithic statue in the Bada Valley, Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi.Estimated to be up to 5,000 years old, these stone figures are part of a little-understood prehistoric culture. Dozens of megaliths with human-like and abstract forms are found throughout the region. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 16Dutch settlement in the East Indies. Batavia (now Jakarta), Java, c. 1665 CE. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 17Menara Kudus Mosque is an example of a combination of Majapahit, Arab, and Javanese architecture in Indonesia. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 18Halilintar, one of the amusement parks in Dunia Fantasi, Jakarta (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 19A diver in Raja Ampat (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 20Sasando, a traditional stringed instrument from East Nusa Tenggara. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 21The Bali bombings memorial, the terrorist attacks were a major blow for the Indonesian tourism industry (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 22Cirebonese Topeng dance performance (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 23Fort Rotterdam, a colonial heritage in Makassar (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 24Serimpi, a classical Javanese dance performed by women in traditional ancient Javanese attire. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 25Tana Toraja in South Sulawesi, one of Destination Management Organization in Indonesia (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 26Ternate, North Maluku (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 27Prambanan Hinduism temple near Yogyakarta. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 28Komodo dragon at Komodo National Park (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 29Example of rice terraces in Indonesia (from History of Indonesia)
Image 30The batik shirt, as worn by the 7th Indonesian President Joko Widodo and the 6th Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 31Hotel Majapahit (est. 1910) in Surabaya experienced the tearing of the Dutch flag by the youths of Surabaya in 1946. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 32Lake Toba, the world largest volcanic lake panoramic view seen from Merek, North Sumatra (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 33Ramayana Wayang wong Javanese dance performance at Prambanan temple. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 34Minangkabau women in traditional attire, wearing Suntiang headdresses and Songket fabric decorated with gold accents, a distinctive feature of Sumatra's traditional dress. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 35Gedong Songo Temples, Ungaran, Central Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 36Sewu temple in Special Region of Yogyakarta (from History of Indonesia)
Image 37A traditional tailor (Tenun) from Sumatra, in the process of sewing (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 38Bali is famous for its rich and colourful culture, Hindu festivals and dances. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 39Japanese commanders in the Dutch East Indies during the surrender (from History of Indonesia)
Image 40Japanese bicycle infantry move through Java during their occupation of the Dutch East Indies. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 41Kawah Putih, West Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 42Papuan tribal war dance from Yapen, Papua. The easternmost provinces of Papua and West Papua are still affected by small-scale regional conflict caused by separatist rebellion. Caution required for travelers into these provinces. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 43Surfing in Kuta beach, Bali (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 44The beach at Gili Meno with Lombok in the distant background (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 45Wonderful Indonesia floral float, depicting wayang golek wooden puppet in Pasadena Rose Parade 2013. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 46Hotel Indonesia (est. 1962), one of the earliest high-rise buildings in Jakarta (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 47Baiturrahman Mosque in Aceh, a most popular and fine example of Islamic art and architecture in Indonesia (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 48Gate of Masjid Agung Kotagede Mosque (from History of Indonesia)
Image 49Borobudur is the single most visited tourist attraction in Indonesia. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 50Mount Bromo and Semeru in East Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 51In 2011 an online poll by 35,000 people held by CNN International chose Rendang as the number one dish of their 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' list. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 52Dwarapala Statue is a door or gate guardian, usually armed with a weapon, Malang, East Java (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 53Desa wisata Baduy, a traditional village in Banten. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 54Borobudur viewed from Amanjiwo hotel (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 55Indonesian flag raising shortly after the declaration of independence (from History of Indonesia)
Image 56Reog from East Java. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 57Empty seats at Padang Station during COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. Indonesian travel and tourism industry was suffering by this coronavirus outbreaks (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 58Cultural performance near Prambanan temple. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 59Trowulan archaeological site, East Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 60Kacapi and suling, traditional musical instruments from Banten and West Java (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 61University students and police forces clash in May 1998 (from History of Indonesia)
Image 62Sapeh, a traditional stringed instrument from East Kalimantan (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 63Kahayan River, Central Kalimantan (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 64Bandung with its boutiques, distribution stores and factory outlets is well known by locals and foreign visitors as shopping heaven in Indonesia (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 65Ondel-ondel, a large puppet figure featured in Betawi folk performance (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 66A demonstration of Pencak Silat, a form of martial arts. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 67Prambanan in Java was built during the Sanjaya dynasty of Mataram kingdom; it is one of the largest Hindu temple complexes in Southeast Asia. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 68Cultural performances such as Balinese Ramayana traditional dance are popular tourist attractions especially in Ubud, Bali. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 69A golf course in Karawaci, Greater Jakarta area (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 70A Pantun writing using the Jawi script. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 71Lake Toba in North Sumatra, one of 10 Priority Tourism Destinations (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 72Tempe, is an Indonesian fermented food made from soybeans (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 73Lake Singkarak, West Sumatera (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 74The Prambanan temple complex in Yogyakarta, this is the largest Hindu temple in Indonesia and the second largest Hindu temple in Southeast Asia (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 75Tumpeng example of Javanese cuisine (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 76Ambarawa Railway Museum, Central Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 77Indonesia possesses a diverse range of traditions, such as this Barong dance performance in Bali. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 78Pariangan Village, West Sumatera (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 79Pettakere Cave "Hand print paintings". The oldest known cave paintings are more than 44,000 years old. Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 80During the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its eradication in 1965 and ban the following year. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 81Timorese women with the Indonesian national flag (from History of Indonesia)
Image 82Fishing boats in the main harbour Karimunjawa (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 83Piaynemo karst archipelago in Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 84A spa suite in Legian, Bali (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 85Kamasan Palindon Painting detail, an example of Kamasan-style classical painting (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 86Jimbaran Beach, Bali (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 87Blue lava of Ijen crater, East Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 88The rhino was the mascot of Visit Indonesia Year 1991. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 89Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali, one of the main gate for international visitors to enter Indonesia (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 90Sukarno speaking at the Rapat Akbar (grand meeting) on 19 September 1945 (from History of Indonesia)
Image 91Kampung Naga, West Java (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 92Dutch imperial painting depicting the Dutch East Indies as "our most precious gem" (1916) (from History of Indonesia)
Image 93Sumatran orangutan mother and child in Mount Leuser National Park, North Sumatra (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 94Mount Kelimutu crater lakes, East Nusa Tenggara (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 95Angklung, a Sundanese bamboo musical instrument from West Java. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 96Kecak dance performance as a tourist attraction in Bali. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 97Formal family portrait of former Indonesian's President B.J. Habibie. Women wear kain batik and kebaya with selendang (sash), while men wear jas and dasi (western suit with tie) with peci cap. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 98Beratan Lake and Temple in Bali, a popular image often featured to promote Indonesian tourism (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 99From left to right: Ternate, Bali and Bugis soldiers, European illustration from the 17th century (from History of Indonesia)
Image 100Map of Indonesia; 1674–1745 by Khatib Çelebi, a geographer from the Ottoman Turks. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 101Stupas on upper terraces of Borobudur temple in Central Java. (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 102Semar, a guardian figure in Javanese mythology, is believed to return to the Nusantara every 500 years to restore balance and justice (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 103Rice terraces in Bali (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 104In 2021, researchers discovered cave art in Leang Tedongnge, estimated to be at least 45,500 years old, making it the world’s oldest known representational artwork. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 105Ruins of the Sultanate of Banten Palace in 1859 (from History of Indonesia)
Image 106Bunaken marine park, North Sulawesi (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 107The Garuda main stage of Djakarta Warehouse Project 2017 (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 108Roofed kori agung gate at the Bali Pavilion of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 109The Nias adu zatua (wooden ancestor statues) (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 110Pagaruyung Palace, It was built in the traditional Rumah Gadang vernacular architectural style. (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 111Indonesian 2009 election ballot. Since 2004, Indonesians are able to vote their president directly. (from History of Indonesia)
Image 112Nusa Penida, Bali (from Tourism in Indonesia)
Image 113Kendang, a traditional Indonesian drum, is often used during traditional music performances (from Culture of Indonesia)
Image 114The Garuda Wisnu Kencana statue depicts Garuda, the national symbol of Indonesia, symbolizing unity and cultural heritage. (from Culture of Indonesia)

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