Chromosome 14
Human chromosome
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 14 spans about 107 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 3 and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells.
Length (bp)101,161,492 bp
(CHM13)
(CHM13)
No. of genes583 (CCDS)[1]
TypeAutosome
Centromere positionAcrocentric[2]
(17.2 Mbp[3])
(17.2 Mbp[3])
| Chromosome 14 | |
|---|---|
 Human chromosome 14 pair after G-banding. One is from mother, one is from father. | |
 Chromosome 14 pair in human male karyogram. | |
| Features | |
| Length (bp) | 101,161,492 bp (CHM13) |
| No. of genes | 583 (CCDS)[1] |
| Type | Autosome |
| Centromere position | Acrocentric[2] (17.2 Mbp[3]) |
| Complete gene lists | |
| CCDS | Gene list |
| HGNC | Gene list |
| UniProt | Gene list |
| NCBI | Gene list |
| External map viewers | |
| Ensembl | Chromosome 14 |
| Entrez | Chromosome 14 |
| NCBI | Chromosome 14 |
| UCSC | Chromosome 14 |
| Full DNA sequences | |
| RefSeq | NC_000014 (FASTA) |
| GenBank | CM000676 (FASTA) |
The centromere of chromosome 14 is positioned approximately at position 17.2 Mbp.
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 14. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[4]
| Estimated by | Protein-coding genes | Non-coding RNA genes | Pseudogenes | Source | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCDS | 583 | — | — | [1] | 2016-09-08 |
| HGNC | 593 | 324 | 513 | [5] | 2017-05-12 |
| Ensembl | 820 | 856 | 518 | [6] | 2017-03-29 |
| UniProt | 720 | — | — | [7] | 2018-02-28 |
| NCBI | 621 | 690 | 598 | [8][9][10] | 2017-05-19 |
Gene list
The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 14. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.
- ACIN1: encoding protein Apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer in the nucleus
- AHNAK2: encoding protein Ahnak nucleoprotein 2
- ATXN3: Ataxin-3 (Machado-Joseph disease)
- BCL2L2: encoding the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-w of the Bcl-2 family
- C14orf80: encoding protein C14orf80
- C14orf93: encoding protein C14orf93
- CCDC176: encoding protein Basal body-orientation factor 1
- CCDC88C: encoding protein Coiled-coil domain containing 88C
- CDC42BPB: encoding protein CDC42 binding protein kinase beta
- CDKL1: encoding protein Cyclin dependent kinase like 1
- CHMP4A: Charged multivesicular body protein 4a
- CIDEB: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector b
- CLBA1: encoding protein CLBA1
- CMA1: encoding enzyme Chymase
- CNIH: encoding protein Protein cornichon homolog
- COCH: coagulation factor C homolog, cochlin (Limulus polyphemus)
- CRIP2: Cysteine-rich protein 2
- DDX24: encoding enzyme ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX24
- DEGS2: encoding protein Delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2
- DLGAP5: Disks large-associated protein 5
- DGLUCY: encoding protein DGLUCY, mitochondrial
- EAPP: E2F-associated phosphoprotein
- EGLN3: Egl nine homolog 3
- ENTPD5: Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5
- ERG28: encoding protein Probable ergosterol biosynthetic protein 28
- Fam158a: encoding protein UPF0172 protein FAM158A
- FAM181A: encoding protein Family with sequence similarity 181, member A
- FAM71D: Family With Sequence Similarity 71, Member D
- FCF1: rRNA-processing protein FCF1 homolog
- FSCB: encoding protein Fibrous sheath CABYR binding protein
- GALC: galactosylceramidase (Krabbe disease)
- GARNL1: GTPase-activating Rap/Ran-GAP domain-like 1
- GCH1: GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (dopa-responsive dystonia)
- GPHB5: Glycoprotein hormone beta-5
- GSKIP encoding protein GSK3B interacting protein
- HHIPL1: encoding protein HHIP-like protein 1
- IFI27: encoding protein Interferon alpha-inducible protein 27
- IFT43: intraflagellar transport 43
- IGH@: immunoglobulin heavy chain locus
- IRF2BPL: encoding protein Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein like
- ITPK1: encoding enzyme Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase
- JKAMP: encoding protein JNK1-associated membrane protein
- JPH4: encoding protein Junctophilin 4
- LINC00520: a long non-coding RNA
- LINC00637: encoding protein Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 637
- LYSET: lysosomal enzyme trafficking factor
- MAPK1IP1L: encoding protein MAPK-interacting and spindle-stabilizing protein-like
- MIA2: encoding protein Melanoma inhibitory activity protein 2
- MIR494 encoding protein MicroRNA 494
- MIR495: encoding protein MicroRNA 495
- MIR3173: encoding protein MicroRNA 3173
- MIS18BP1: encoding protein MIS18 binding protein 1
- MOAP1: encoding protein Modulator of apoptosis 1
- MYH7: myosin heavy chain beta (MHC-β) isoform[11]
- NEMF (gene): encoding protein Nuclear export mediator factor
- NPC2: Niemann-Pick disease, type C2
- NUBPL: encoding protein Iron-sulfur protein NUBPL (IND1)
- OSGEP: encoding enzyme Probable O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase
- PAPOLA: encoding enzyme Poly(A) polymerase alpha
- PCNX: encoding protein Pecanex-like protein 1
- PELI2: encoding protein Protein pellino homolog 2
- PLEKHG3: encoding protein Pleckstrin homology and rhogef domain containing g3
- PSEN1: presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3)
- RIOX1: encoding protein RIOX1
- RTRAF: encoding protein RTRAF
- RPL10L: encoding protein 60S ribosomal protein L10-like
- SERPINA1: serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1
- SERPINA3: encoding protein alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT)
- SERPINA12: encoding protein SERPIN A12
- SIX6OS1: encoding protein SIX6OS1
- SGPP1: encoding enzyme Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1
- SNORD9: encoding protein Small nucleolar rna, c/d box 9
- SYNE3: encoding protein Spectrin repeat containing nuclear envelope family member
- TC2N: encoding protein Tandem C2 domains nuclear protein
- TCL1B: encoding protein T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1B
- TIMM9: encoding enzyme Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim9
- TMED10: encoding protein Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing protein 10
- TMEM260: encoding protein TMEM260
- TRAJ56: encoding protein T cell receptor alpha joining 56
- TRAV12-2: encoding protein T cell receptor alpha variable 12-2
- TSHR: thyroid stimulating hormone receptor
- TUNAR: a long non-coding RNA
- VASH1: encoding protein Vasohibin-1
- VIPAS39: encoding protein VIPAS39
- WARS: encoding enzyme Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic
- YLPM1: encoding protein YLP motif-containing protein 1
- ZBTB1: encoding protein Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 1
- ZFHX2: encoding protein Zinc finger homeobox 2
- ZNF839: encoding protein Zinc finger protein 839
Diseases and disorders
The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 14:
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Alzheimer's disease
- Burkitt's lymphoma (t8;14)
- congenital hypothyroidism
- dopamine-responsive dystonia
- Follicular lymphoma (t14;18)
- FOXG1 syndrome
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Krabbe disease
- Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia
- Machado-Joseph disease
- Mosaic monosomy 14
- Multiple myeloma
- Niemann-Pick disease
- Nonsyndromic deafness
- Sensenbrenner syndrome
- Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
- Kagami-Ogata Syndrome
- Temple Syndrome
- Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Cytogenetic band
G-banding ideograms of human chromosome 14
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 14 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g. Ensembl, UCSC Genome Browser).
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 14 in three different resolutions (400,[12] 550[13] and 850[3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).[14] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the mitotic process.[15]
| Chr. | Arm[17] | Band[18] | ISCN start[19] |
ISCN stop[19] |
Basepair start |
Basepair stop |
Stain[20] | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | p | 13 | 0 | 284 | 1 | 3,600,000 | gvar | |
| 14 | p | 12 | 284 | 624 | 3,600,001 | 8,000,000 | stalk | |
| 14 | p | 11.2 | 624 | 1249 | 8,000,001 | 16,100,000 | gvar | |
| 14 | p | 11.1 | 1249 | 1433 | 16,100,001 | 17,200,000 | acen | |
| 14 | q | 11.1 | 1433 | 1660 | 17,200,001 | 18,200,000 | acen | |
| 14 | q | 11.2 | 1660 | 2043 | 18,200,001 | 24,100,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 12 | 2043 | 2313 | 24,100,001 | 32,900,000 | gpos | 100 |
| 14 | q | 13.1 | 2313 | 2469 | 32,900,001 | 34,800,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 13.2 | 2469 | 2582 | 34,800,001 | 36,100,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 14 | q | 13.3 | 2582 | 2724 | 36,100,001 | 37,400,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 21.1 | 2724 | 2923 | 37,400,001 | 43,000,000 | gpos | 100 |
| 14 | q | 21.2 | 2923 | 3008 | 43,000,001 | 46,700,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 21.3 | 3008 | 3264 | 46,700,001 | 50,400,000 | gpos | 100 |
| 14 | q | 22.1 | 3264 | 3491 | 50,400,001 | 53,600,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 22.2 | 3491 | 3604 | 53,600,001 | 55,000,000 | gpos | 25 |
| 14 | q | 22.3 | 3604 | 3718 | 55,000,001 | 57,600,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 23.1 | 3718 | 3916 | 57,600,001 | 61,600,000 | gpos | 75 |
| 14 | q | 23.2 | 3916 | 4044 | 61,600,001 | 64,300,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 23.3 | 4044 | 4186 | 64,300,001 | 67,400,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 14 | q | 24.1 | 4186 | 4484 | 67,400,001 | 69,800,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 24.2 | 4484 | 4626 | 69,800,001 | 73,300,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 14 | q | 24.3 | 4626 | 4839 | 73,300,001 | 78,800,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 31.1 | 4839 | 5051 | 78,800,001 | 83,100,000 | gpos | 100 |
| 14 | q | 31.2 | 5051 | 5094 | 83,100,001 | 84,400,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 31.3 | 5094 | 5349 | 84,400,001 | 89,300,000 | gpos | 100 |
| 14 | q | 32.11 | 5349 | 5406 | 89,300,001 | 91,400,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 32.12 | 5406 | 5505 | 91,400,001 | 94,200,000 | gpos | 25 |
| 14 | q | 32.13 | 5505 | 5619 | 94,200,001 | 95,800,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 32.2 | 5619 | 5732 | 95,800,001 | 100,900,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 14 | q | 32.31 | 5732 | 5903 | 100,900,001 | 102,700,000 | gneg | |
| 14 | q | 32.32 | 5903 | 6016 | 102,700,001 | 103,500,000 | gpos | 50 |
| 14 | q | 32.33 | 6016 | 6300 | 103,500,001 | 107,043,718 | gneg |
