Guató language
Language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Guató (Guató: go-t͡ʃéuvɨ́ i-ótɨ́)[5] is a language isolate[4] spoken by two of the Guató people of Brazil. It has variously been claimed to be of Macro-Jê or isolate affiliation. Guató is a VSO language, has agglutination, and has ergative alignment.[3]
| Guató | |
|---|---|
| go-t͡ʃéuvɨ́ i-ótɨ́ | |
| Native to | Brazil, Bolivia |
| Region | Mato Grosso do Sul state: Paraguay River banks and up São Lourenço River, along Bolivian border;[1] also Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia): Uberaba Lake[2] |
| Ethnicity | 419 Guató people (2014)[3] |
Native speakers | 2 (2023)[4] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gta |
| Glottolog | guat1253 |
| ELP | Guató |
 | |
 Guató is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Classification
Kaufman (1990) provisionally classified Guató as a branch of the Macro-Jê languages, but no evidence for this was found by Eduardo Ribeiro. Martins (2011) also suggests a relationship with Macro-Jê.[6] Nikulin (2020) excludes this possibility.[7]
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Bororo, Tupi, and Karib language families due to contact.[8]
An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013)[9] found lexical similarities between Guató and the Zamucoan languages. However, since the analysis was automatically generated, the grouping could be either due to mutual lexical borrowing, genetic inheritance, or chance resemblances.
Distribution
Today, Guató is spoken in Guató Indigenous Territory and Baía dos Guató Indigenous Territory.[4]
Loukotka (1968) reported that in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, Guató is spoken on the banks of the Paraguay River and up the São Lourenço River, along the Bolivian border.[1] It is also spoken at Uberaba Lake[2] in Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia).
Phonology
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Guató.[2]
gloss Guató one chenéhe two dúni three chumó tooth makuá tongue mundokuír hand mara woman muazya water mágũ fire matá moon múpina maize madzyéro jaguar mépago house movír
For more extensive vocabulary lists of Guató by Palácio (1984)[10][12] and Postigo (2009),[11] see the corresponding Portuguese article.
Numerals
Guató uses a quinary (base-5) system up to 20, where a decimal system is used for large numbers.[3]
