Khasurty locality
Fossil locality in Russia
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The Khasurty locality is an Early Cretaceous (Neocomian) lagerstätte in Russia, within the Sangin Formation. This lagerstätte is located outside the village of Tsakir in the region of Zakamensk. Over 6,000 insect specimens have been found from the site, belonging to around 130 families. Its insect biota resembles both Jurassic and Cretaceous ones, most heavily the Jehol biota of China.[1]
| Khasurty locality | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Neocomian | |
| Unit of | Gusinoe Ozero Group |
| Location | |
| Region | Zakamensky District |
| Country | Russia |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Khasurty River |
Paleobiota
Non-Insecta
| Non-insect organisms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Palaeoeorak | P. scherbakovi | Prochydorusidae (Anomopoda)[2] | Only named crustacean from Khasurty[1] | ||
| Bryokhutuliinia | B. obtusifolia | Hookeriales? | Indeterminate family[3] | ||
| Khasurtya | K. ginkgoides | Marchantiidae | Specific name comes from the similarity in leaf shape to the ginkgo[1] | ||
| Khasurtythallus | K. monosolenioides | Marchantiidae | Likely an extinct clade of liverworts[4] | ||
| Palaeodichelyma | P. sinitzae | Hypnanae (pleurocarpous mosses) | Also known from the Jurassic of Russia[3] | ||
| Tricostium | T. longifolium | Bryophyta incertae sedis | Similar to a species found ~2000 km to the east[3] | ||
Insects
Palaeopterans
| Palaeopterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Baikalogenites | B. firmus | Hexagenitidae (Ephemeroptera) | Bears a longer seventh gill pair[5] | ||
| Epiproctophora spp. | Unapplicable | Odonata | Known from several unnamed species, most seemingly within Isophlebiidae or Campterophlebiidae[1] | ||
| Furvoneta | F. khasurtensis | Mesonetidae (Ephemeroptera) | Largest member of the genus[5] | ||
| Mesobaetis | M. crispa | Siphlonuridae | Similar to the species M. amplectus, but has a larger rib on its gill plates[5] | ||
| Mesogenesia | M. sp | Mickoleitiidae | Only known from a poorly preserved specimen[5] | ||
| Proameletus | P. branchiatus | Siphlonuridae | Bears larger gills than the type species[5] | ||
Polyneopterans
| Polyneopterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Aboilus? | A?. khasurty | Prophalangopsidae | Differs from Aboilus in wing venation, but still fairly close to it[1] | ||
| Archisusumania | A. contacta | Susumanioidea | Differs from other genera in wing venation[1] | ||
| Dimoula | D. khasurtensis | Nemouridae | One of the few extinct nemourids known[6] | ||
| Jurataenionema | J. rohdendorfi | Taeniopterygidae | Known from a complete female specimen[6] | ||
| Mongoloxya | M. fossor | Tridactylidae | Differs from the other species in the genus by having digging-adapted forelimbs[1] | ||
| Rasnitsyrina | R. culonga, R. desiliens | Perlariopseidae (Plecoptera) | Most abundant stonefly from the site[6] | ||
| Shurabia | S. creta | Geinitziidae | Latest known winged notopteran besides those known from Burmese amber[1] | ||
| Siberoperla | S. bashkuevi | Peltoperlidae | Oldest peltoperlid, alongside the first fossil of a nymph from the family[7] | ||
Paraneopterans
| Paraneopterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Buryatocera | B. beta | Kobdocoridae (Pentatomoidea) | Has relatively short antennae[8] | ||
| Creocanadaphis | C. hirtus | Canadaphididae | Abdomen bears numerous small spines on sclerites[1] | ||
| Extralapis | E. carens, E. breviscutum | Kobdocoridae | Intermediate between the two other kobdocorid genera from Khasurty in pronotum (top-front section of thorax) proportions[8] | ||
| Khasuaphis | K. serotinus | Juraphididae | Bears longer antennae than other members of its family[1] | ||
| Khasoris | K. yuripopovi | Kobdocoridae (Pentatomoidea) | Bears a very long ovipositor[8] | ||
| Liadopsylla | L. (Basicella) lauteri, L. (Basicella) loginovae | Liadopsyllidae | Type genus of the family[9] | ||
| Occidoscelis | O. glaber | Anthocorinae | One of the only fossil anthocorids known[1] | ||
| Reticycla | R. drospoulosi | Hylicellidae (Cicadomorpha) | Has a smaller ovipositor and a different foreleg structure to most other hylicellids[9] | ||
| Stigmapsylla | S. klimaszewskii | Liadopsyllidae | Bears a dark pterostigma[9] | ||
| Tobleronothrips | T. deparis | Aeolothripidae | Named for Toblerone chocolate, which "noticeably helps when identifying complex imprints of thrips"[1] | ||
Holometabola
Hymenopterans
| Hymenopterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Amplicella | A. mininae, A. bashkuyevi, A. shcherbakovi, A. minor[10] | Tanychorinae (Ichneumonidae) | Has a dark body with lighter legs/wing veins[11] | ||
| Ghilarella | G. kopylovi[12] | Sepulcidae | Originally placed within G. mercurialis, as it only differed from the type of that species in wing colouration[13] | ||
| Hymenoptera spp. | Unapplicable | Holometabola | Includes numerous undescribed species from within various families like Angarosphecidae, Megalyridae and Proctotrupidae[1] | ||
| Khasips | K. alisecta, K. sculpta, K. kovalevi | Archaeocynipidae (Cynipoidea) | K. kovalevi has clubbed antennae, K. sculpta has an unusual pattern on its thorax[14] | ||
| Khasurtella | K. buryatica | Tanychorinae (Ichneumonidae) | Genus also contains a former Tanychora species[11] | ||
| Micramphilius | M. mirabilipennis | Sepulcidae | First member of its genus which preserves the hind wings[15] | ||
| Onokhoius | O. venustus | Sepulcidae | Bears a dark band on its pterostigma[15] | ||
| Pamparaphilius | P. khasurtensis | Sepulcidae | Holotype wing has numerous unusual veins, likely as a result of mutation[15] | ||
| Parasyntexis | P. khasurtensis | Anaxyelidae[16] | |||
| Praeichneumon | P. dzhidensis, P. khamardabanicus, P. zakhaaminicus | Praeichneumonidae | Known from several mostly complete specimens[17] | ||
| Sclerostigma | S. trimaculata | Dolichostigmatinae (Anaxyelidae) | Species name means "three-spotted", as its abdominal tergites have patterns of three spots[1] | ||
| Trematothorax | T. zhangi, T. brachyurus, T. extravenosus | Sepulcidae | Another distinct species is known, however the material is too poor to name a new taxon[13] | ||
Neuropteridans
| Neuropteridans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Aberrantochrysa | A. buryatica, A. pulchella | Chrysopidae[18] | |||
| Cretohondelagia | C. viridis | Priscaenigmatidae (Raphidioptera) | Youngest priscaenigmatid fossil known[19] | ||
| Dzhidosmylus | D. solus | Osmylidae | Uncertain subfamily[1] | ||
| Khasurtoberotha | K. bellissima | Berothidae | Similar to the modern Protobiella[1] | ||
| Mesypochrysa | M. cannabina, M. naranica | Chrysopidae[18] | |||
| Osmylochrysa | O. navasia | Osmylidae | Previously only known from England, resembles chrysopid lacewings[1] | ||
| Zakamnosmylus | Z. elongatus | Osmylidae | Similar to the Jurassic Ensiosmylus[1] | ||
Coleopterans
| Coleopterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Coleoptera spp. | Unapplicable | Coleoptera | Contains many undescribed species in families such as Staphylinidae and Scarabaeidae[1] | ||
| Coptoclava | C. longipoda | Coptoclavidae | May not actually belong to the species[1] | ||
| Distenorrhinus | D. (Buryatnemonyx) ovatus, D. (Buryatnemonyx) gratshevi | Nemonychidae | Another undescribed species bears very large eyes[1] | ||
| Gracilicupes | G. minimus | Cupedidae | Much smaller than other species of the genus[20] | ||
| Jurodes | J. shef | Jurodidae | Similar to Jurodes from Daohugou[21] | ||
| Notocupes | N. khasurtyiensis | Archostemata incertae sedis | Has larger eyes and a shorter first abdominal segment than other species in the genus[20] | ||
| Palaeonecrophilus | P. buryaticus | Agyrtidae | Earliest known agyrtid beetle[22] | ||
| Ponohydrochus | P. buryaticus | Hydrochidae | First fossil hydrochid genus[23] | ||
| Unda | U. popovi | Trachypachidae | Also known from the Jurassic[24] | ||
Mecopterans
| Mecopterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Antiquanabittacus | A. dispar, A. robustus, A. saltator | Bittacidae | Similar to extant Orobittacus[25] | ||
| Itaphlebia | I. spp | Nannochoristidae | Known from very well-preserved material, however the difficult diagnosis of Itaphlebia species means the Khasurty species have not been named[1] | ||
| Lichnomesopsyche | L. sp | Mesopsychidae | Only known from one wing[1] | ||
| Meropeidae spp. | Unapplicable | Mecoptera | Known from two different species each with a complete specimen, unusual for meropeids (which rarely fly)[1] | ||
| Mesochorista | M. sp | Permochoristidae (related to Nannochoristidae) | Formerly known as "Yanorthophlebia", which is a synonym of "Liassochorista" and in turn Mesochorista[26] | ||
Dipterans
| Dipterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Amorimyia | A. robusta | Anisopodidae | Differs from related genera in its hairy head and larger size[27] | ||
| Collessomma | C. sibirica, C. gnoma | Perissommatidae | Unlike modern perissommatids, this genus has fused (holoptic) eyes[28] | ||
| Eoptychoptera | E. fasbenderi | Ptychopteridae | Distinguished from other species in its genus by an additional cross-vein on the wing[27] | ||
| Gilkania | G. transbaikalica | Podonominae (Chironomidae) | Only known from pupal exuvia[27] | ||
| Juraxymyia | J. krzeminskii | Axymyiidae | Also known from Daohugou[29] | ||
| Kaluginamyia | K. enigmatica | Kaluginamyiidae (Chironomoidea) | Placed in its own family[30] | ||
| Kovalevimyia | K. sp | Simuliidae | One of the earliest hematophagous fly fossils, likely fed on birds[1] | ||
| Mangas | M. brevisubcosta, M. kovalevi | Bolitophilidae | Also known from Mongolia[31] | ||
| Praearchitipula | P. kaluginae, P. podenasi, P. ribeiroi[27] | Pediciidae | Relatively large for pediciids[1] | ||
| Protanyderus? | P. madrizi | Tanyderidae | May not belong to the genus[27] | ||
| Sinaxymyia | S. szadziewskii | Axymyiidae | Also known from Daohugou[29] | ||
| Zhiganka | Z. longialata | Ptychopteridae | Known from complete specimens[32] | ||
Amphiesmenopterans
| Amphiesmenopterans | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images | |
| Axiomaldia | A. flinti | Trichoptera | Uncertain family[1] | ||
| Buranima | B. gorhon | Psychomyiidae | Differs from other genera in having a maxillary palp without a longer second segment[1] | ||
| Burimodus | B. novus | Vitimotauliidae (Trichoptera)[33] | |||
| Buryatocentrus | B. suspiciosus | Yantarocentridae (Limnephiloidea) | Has two-segmented gonopods[1] | ||
| Cretocrania | C. stekolnikovi, C. glossancestralis, C. inconcessa | Cretocraniinae (Eriocraniidae) | Differs from modern eriocraniids in having round wing tips and very long galeae[1] | ||
| Dauroglos | D. hohlomak | Glossosomatidae | Similar to the genus Dajella[1] | ||
| Duamodus | D. anichkovi, D. necessarius | Vitimotauliidae (Integripalpia) | Similar to Multimodus[1] | ||
| Dysoneura | D. subbota | Dysoneuridae | Specific name derives from the Russian word for "Saturday"[1] | ||
| Khasurtia | K. kopylovi, K. alexeii, K. lukashevichae, K. novissima[1] | Dysoneuridae | A fairly diverse caddisfly genus, almost entirely known from Khasurty[34] | ||
| Juraphilopotamus | J. callidus | Philopotamidae | Has small dark spots on forewing[33] | ||
| Meloclada | M. diuturna, M. frequentatoria | Cladochoristidae (Trichoptera) | Similar to the related Cladochoristella[1] | ||
| Mesocolepus | M. deflectum | Ptilocolepidae (Hydroptiloidea) | Bears large setal warts, with their shape used to distinguish the genus[1] | ||
| Multimodus | M. amplus | Vitimotauliidae (Trichoptera) | Largest species of the genus[33] | ||
| Palaeosiberomiya | P. zugzwanga | Dysoneuridae | Bears longitudinal stripes of dark scales on its wings[1] | ||
| Protobaikalopsyche | P. rossica | Protobaikalopsychidae (Hydropsychoidea) | Likely basal to a clade including Polycentropodidae[1] | ||
| Protorodinia | P. khasurtensis | Leptoceridae | Bears a large mesoscutum and unusual abdominal tip[1] | ||
| Protosiberopteryx | P. antitheton, P. equesaeneus, P. praevernalis | Eolepidopterigidae | Known from one male and two female specimens, similar to Undopterix[1] | ||
| Purbimodus | P. parvulus, P. khramovi | Vitimotauliidae (Trichoptera) | Redescribed in a 2021 paper[35] | ||
| Sententimiya | S. wichardi | Psychomyiidae | Bears a plate on the fifth sternite similar to those on psychomyiids[1] | ||
| Shadareniskia | S. inambularia | Hydrobiosidae | Known from a female specimen, as shown by the genitalia and a suture on the sixth sternite[1] | ||
| Siberocretopetus | S. ekaterinae | Glossosomatidae | Specific name honours Ekaterina Sidorchuk, a palaeoacarologist (researcher who studies fossil mites) who died in 2019[1] | ||
| Siberoprostoria | S. archaeoscriptor | Hydrobiosidae | Known from a female specimen, as shown by the genitalia and a suture on the sixth sternite[1] | ||
| Styxowia | S. predponimania | Polycentropodidae | Has large, spiny gonopods[1] | ||
| Susurimiya | S. transbaikalica | Psychomyiidae | Bears a swollen abdomen tip like modern psychomyiids, but differs in the structure of its maxillary palps[1] | ||
| Terminoptysma | T. contradictoria | Terminoptysmatidae (Trichoptera) | Placed in its own monotypic family[1] | ||
| Terrindusia | T. khasurtica, T. buriatica | Trichoptera | Known only from larval casings[34] | ||



































