Labour Party (UK) election results (1906–1922)

This article lists the Labour Party's election results in elections from it adopting the "Labour Party" name in 1906 until the end of the 1918 to 1922 Parliament.

Year	Number of Candidates	Total votes	Average votes per candidate	% UK vote	Change (percentage points)	Saved deposits	Number of MPs^[1]
1910 Jan	78	505,657	6,483	7.0	+2.7	N/A	40
1910 Dec	56	371,802	6,639	6.4	-0.6	N/A	42
1918	361	2,245,777	6,221	20.8	+14.4	355	57

Sponsor	Candidates Jan 10	MPs Jan 10	Candidates Dec 10	MPs Dec 10	Candidates 18	MPs 18^[2]
BSP	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	4	0
CLP	0	0	0	0	144	5
Fabian	2	0	2	1	unknown	0
ILP	14	6	12	8	50	3
SDF	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	3	1
Trade union	62	34	42	33	163	49

By-election	Candidate	Votes	%	Position	Sponsor^[3]
1906 Cockermouth by-election	Robert Smillie	1,436	14.5	3	Miners
1906 Huddersfield by-election	T. Russell Williams	5,422	33.8	2	ILP
1907 Belfast North by-election	William Walker	4,194	41.1	2	Carpenters & Joiners
1907 Jarrow by-election	Pete Curran	4,698	33.0	1	Gasworkers
1907 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election	John Hill	3,330	45.4	2	Boilermakers
1907 Kingston upon Hull West by-election	James Holmes	4,512	29.1	3	ASRS
1908 Leeds South by-election	Albert E. Fox	2,451	19.4	3	ASLEF
1908 Dewsbury by-election	Ben Turner	2,446	20.2	3	Textile Workers
1908 Dundee by-election	George Harold Stuart	4,014	24.9	3	Postmen
1908 Montrose Burghs by-election	Joseph Burgess	1,937	29.4	2	ILP
1909 Taunton by-election	Frank Smith	1,085	35.4	2	Fabian^[4]
1909 Croydon by-election	Frank Smith	886	4.2	3	ILP^[4]
1909 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election	Joseph Pointer	3,631	27.5	1	Patternmakers
1909 Mid Derbyshire by-election	John George Hancock	6,735	60.5	1	Miners

Constituency	Candidate	Votes	%	Position	Sponsor^[3]
Barnard Castle	Arthur Henderson	6,096	56.7	1	Iron Founders
Barrow-in-Furness	Charles Duncan	5,304	55.2	1	Engineers
Belfast North	Robert Gageby	3,951	38.7	2	Flaxdressers
Birmingham Bordesley	Fred Hughes	3,453	27.7	2
Birmingham East	Joseph James Stephenson	3,958	31.9	2	Engineers
Bishop Auckland	William House	3,993	33.2	2	Miners
Blackburn	Philip Snowden	10,762	28.1	2	ILP
Bolton	Alfred Gill	11,864	30.5	2	Textile Factory Workers
Bow and Bromley	George Lansbury	2,955	33.5	2	ILP
Bradford West	Fred Jowett	8,880	66.6	1	ILP
Bristol East	Frank Sheppard	1,874	31.2	2	Boot and Shoe
Chatham	John Hagan Jenkins	6,130	45.3	2	Shipwrights
Chester-le-Street	John Wilkinson Taylor	12,684	64.8	1	Miners
Chesterfield	James Haslam	8,234	59.1	1	Miners
Clitheroe	David Shackleton	13,873	67.3	1	Textile Factory Workers
Cockermouth	Percy Whitehead	1,909	18.9	3	Steel Smelters
Crewe	Frank Herbert Rose	1,380	9.5	3	Engineers
Deptford	C. W. Bowerman	6,880	52.0	1	Compositors^[5]
Derby	James Henry Thomas	10,189	27.9	2	Railway Servants^[6]
Dundee	Alexander Wilkie	10,365	32.9	2	Shipwrights
Eccles	George Henry Stuart	3,511	20.3	3	Postmen
Gateshead	John Johnson	3,572	21.4	3	Miners
Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown	George Nicoll Barnes	4,496	61.7	1	Engineers
Glasgow Camlachie	James O'Connor Kessack	2,443	28.9	3	ILP
Gorton	John Hodge	7,807	51.6	1	Steel Smelters^[7]
Govan	James Thomas Brownlie	3,545	23.3	3	Engineers
Gower	John Williams	9,312	78.6	1	Miners
Halifax	James Parker	9,093	38.9	2	ILP
Hallamshire	John Wadsworth	10,193	62.2	1	Miners
Hanley	Enoch Edwards	9,199	63.9	1	Miners
Holmfirth	William Pickles	1,643	14.9	3	Painters
Huddersfield	Harry Snell	5,686	31.6	2	Fabians^[8]
Hyde	William Crawford Anderson	2,401	21.2	3	ILP
Ince	Stephen Walsh	7,723	60.6	1	Miners
Jarrow	Pete Curran	4,818	33.5	2	Gasworkers
Leeds East	James O'Grady	5,873	71.8	1	Furnishing
Leicester	Ramsay Macdonald	14,337	31.4	2	ILP
Leigh	Thomas Greenall	3,268	24.7	3	Miners
Leith Burghs	William Walker	2,724	18.9	3	Carpenters & Joiners
Liverpool Kirkdale	Alexander Gordon Cameron	3,921	48.6	2	Carpenters & Joiners
Liverpool West Toxteth	James Sexton	2,909	42.5	2	Dock Labourers
Manchester East	John Edward Sutton	6,110	54.5	1	Miners
Manchester North East	J. R. Clynes	5,157	58.4	1	ILP
Manchester South West	J. M. McLachlan	1,218	16.6	3	ILP
Merthyr Tydfil	Keir Hardie	13,841	36.7	2	ILP
Mid Derbyshire	John Hancock	7,575	63.9	1	Miners
Middlesbrough	Patrick Walls	2,710	14.2	3	Blastfurnacemen
Mid Lanarkshire	Robert Smillie	3,864	25.7	3	Miners
Morley	Herbert Smith	2,191	16.1	3	Miners
Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Walter Hudson	18,241	28.1	2	Railway Servants
Newton	James Andrew Seddon	7,256	52.7	1	Shop Assistants
Normanton	Frederick Hall	9,172	72.2	1	Miners
North Ayrshire	James Brown	1,801	12.9	3	Miners
North East Derbyshire	William Edwin Harvey	8,715	57.6	1	Miners
North East Lanarkshire	Joseph Sullivan	2,160	11.8	3	Miners
North West Lanarkshire	Robert Small	1,718	9.7	3	Miners
North West Staffordshire	Albert Stanley	8,566	59.8	1	Miners
Norwich	George Henry Roberts	11,119	28.7	2	Typographical^[9]
Nuneaton	William Johnson	8,154	50.8	1	Miners
Portsmouth	Williams Sanders	3,529	6.1	5	Fabians^[8]
Preston	John Thomas Macpherson	7,539	21.4	3	Steel Smelters^[7]
Rhondda	William Abraham	12,436	78.2	1	Miners
St Helens	Thomas Glover	6,512	53.3	1	Miners
Sheffield Attercliffe	Joseph Pointer	7,755	56.1	1	Patternmakers
South Glamorganshire	William Brace	11,612	61.1	1	Miners
Spen Valley	T. Russell Williams	2,514	23.3	3	ILP
Stockport	George James Wardle	6,682	28.0	1	Railway Servants
Sunderland	Thomas Summerbell	11,058	23.4	4	ILP
Tewkesbury	Charles Fox	238	2.1	3	ILP
Wakefield	Stanton Coit	2,602	45.5	2	ILP
West Fife	William Adamson	4,736	37.7	2	Miners
West Ham South	Will Thorne	11,791	63.1	1	Gasworkers
Westhoughton	William Tyson Wilson	9,064	53.2	1	Carpenters & Joiners
West Monmouthshire	Thomas Richards	13,295	81.4	1	Miners
Whitehaven	Andrew Sharp	825	28.8	3	Miners
Wigan	Henry Twist	4,803	52.8	1	Miners
Wolverhampton West	Thomas Frederick Richards	5,790	47.6	2	Boot and Shoe
Woolwich	Will Crooks	8,420	49.1	2	Coopers^[8]

By-election	Candidate	Votes	%	Position	Sponsor^[3]
1910 Mid Glamorgan by-election	Vernon Hartshorn	6,210	41.0	2	Miners
1910 Liverpool Kirkdale by-election	Alexander Gordon Cameron	3,427	44.5	2	Carpenters & Joiners

Labour Party (UK) election results (1906–1922)

Summary of general election performance

Sponsorship of candidates

Election results

By-elections, 1906–1910

January 1910 general election

By-elections, Jan–Dec 1910

December 1910 general election

By-elections, 1910–1918

1918 UK general election

By-elections, 1918–1922

References

See also

Related Articles

Constituency	Candidate	Votes	%	Position	Sponsor^[3]^[10]
Barnard Castle	Arthur Henderson	5,868	57.0	1	Iron Founders
Barrow-in-Furness	Charles Duncan	4,810	52.9	1	Engineers
Bishop Auckland	William House	3,993	33.2	2	Miners
Blackburn	Philip Snowden	10,762	26.4	1	ILP
Bolton	Alfred Gill	7,729	64.0	2	Textile Factory Workers
Bow and Bromley	George Lansbury	4,315	55.6	1	ILP
Bradford West	Fred Jowett	8,880	66.6	1	ILP
Chatham	Frank Smith	1,103	8.9	3	ILP
Chester-le-Street	John Wilkinson Taylor	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners
Chesterfield	James Haslam	7,283	59.0	1	Miners
Clitheroe	Albert Smith	12,107	67.7	1	Textile Factory Workers
Deptford	C. W. Bowerman	6,357	51.4	1	Compositors^[5]
Derby	James Henry Thomas	9,144	34.1	2	Railway Servants^[6]
Dundee	Alexander Wilkie	8,957	29.3	2	Shipwrights
East Carmarthenshire	John Henry Williams	1,176	12.6	3	Steel Smelters
East Glamorgan	Charles Stanton	4,675	24.1	3	Miners
Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown	George Nicoll Barnes	4,162	59.1	1	Engineers
Glasgow Camlachie	James O'Connor Kessack	1,539	18.1	3	ILP
Gorton	John Hodge	7,840	52.2	1	Steel Smelters^[7]
Gower	John Williams	5,480	54.8	1	Miners
Halifax	James Parker	8,511	32.3	2	ILP
Hallamshire	John Wadsworth	8,708	59.9	1	Miners
Hanley	Enoch Edwards	8,343	64.2	1	Miners
Huddersfield	Harry Snell	4,988	29.0	3	Fabians^[8]
Ince	Stephen Walsh	7,117	57.2	1	Miners
Jarrow	Alexander Gordon Cameron	4,892	30.6	3	Carpenters & Joiners
Leeds East	James O'Grady	4,028	68.0	1	Furnishing
Leeds South	John Badlay	2,706	21.5	3	ILP
Leicester	Ramsay Macdonald	12,998	38.5	2	ILP
Liverpool Kirkdale	Thomas McKerrell	2,992	41.6	2	ILP
Manchester East	John Edward Sutton	5,524	54.3	1	Miners
Manchester North East	J. R. Clynes	4,313	58.4	1	ILP
Merthyr Tydfil	Keir Hardie	11,507	39.6	2	ILP
Mid Derbyshire	John Hancock	6,557	60.5	1	Miners
Mid Glamorganshire	Vernon Hartshorn	6,102	44.5	2	Miners
Mid Lanarkshire	Robert Smillie	3,847	24.7	3	Miners
Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Walter Hudson	16,447	28.0	2	Railway Servants^[6]
Newton	James Andrew Seddon	6,562	49.5	2	Shop Assistants
Normanton	Frederick Hall	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners
North East Derbyshire	William Edwin Harvey	7,838	56.3	1	Miners
North West Staffordshire	Albert Stanley	8,125	62.2	1	Miners
Norwich	George Henry Roberts	10,003	35.8	2	Typographical^[9]
Nuneaton	William Johnson	8,199	52.2	1	Miners
Preston	William Henry Carr	7,853	23.0	4	Textile Factory Workers
Rhondda	William Abraham	9,073	71.0	1	Miners
St Helens	Thomas Glover	5,752	48.9	2	Miners
Sheffield Attercliffe	Joseph Pointer	6,532	55.0	1	Patternmakers
South Glamorganshire	William Brace	10,910	58.4	1	Miners
Stockport	George James Wardle	6,094	26.9	2	Railway Servants^[6]
Sunderland	Frank Goldstone	11,291	25.8	2	Teachers
West Fife	William Adamson	6,128	53.0	1	Miners
West Monmouthshire	Thomas Richards	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners
West Ham South	Will Thorne	9,508	66.4	1	Gasworkers
Westhoughton	William Tyson Wilson	9,064	53.2	1	Carpenters & Joiners
Whitehaven	Thomas Richardson	1,414	53.7	1	ILP and Miners
Wigan	Henry Twist	4,110	46.8	2	Miners
Woolwich	Will Crooks	8,252	50.7	1	Fabians^[8] and Coopers

By-election	Candidate	Votes	%	Position	Sponsor^[3]
1911 North East Lanarkshire by-election	John Robertson	2,879	16.3	3	Miners
1911 Kilmarnock Burghs by-election	Thomas McKerrell	2,761	19.3	3	ILP
1911 Keighley by-election	William Crawford Anderson	3,452	28.9	3	ILP
1911 Oldham by-election	William Cornforth Robinson	7,448	24.6	3	Textile Factory Workers
1912 Holmfirth by-election	William Lunn	3,195	28.2	3	Miners
1912 Hanley by-election	Samuel Finney	1,694	11.8	3	Miners
1912 Crewe by-election	James Holmes	2,485	17.7	3	Railway Servants
1912 Midlothian by-election	Robert Brown	2,415	16.7	3	Miners
1913 Houghton-le-Spring by-election	William House	4,165	26.2	3	Miners
1913 Keighley by-election	William Bland	3,646	29.8	3	ILP
1913 South Lanarkshire by-election	Thomas Gibb	1,674	16.8	3	Miners
1914 North West Durham by-election	G. H. Stuart	5,026	28.2	3	Postmen
1914 Leith Burghs by-election	Joseph Nicholas Bell	3,346	24.5	3	Labour Amalgamation
1914 North East Derbyshire by-election	James Martin	3,669	22.5	3	Miners
1914 Bolton by-election	Robert Tootill	unopposed	N/A	1	Carters & Lurrymen^[11]
1914 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election	William Crawford Anderson	unopposed	N/A	1	ILP^[11]
1915 Merthyr Tydfil by-election	James Winstone	6,080	37.2	2	Miners
1916 North West Staffordshire by-election	Samuel Finney	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners
1917 Norwich by-election	George Henry Roberts	unopposed	N/A	1	Typographical^[9]
1918 Manchester North East by-election	J. R. Clynes	unopposed	N/A	1	ILP

Constituency	Candidate	Votes	%	Position	Sponsor^[12]
Aberavon	Robert Williams	7,758	35.7	2	NAUL
Aberdare	T. E. Nicholas	6,229	21.4	2	ILP^[13]
Abertillery	William Brace	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners^[14]
Accrington	Charles Roden Buxton	6,369	21.7	3	ILP^[13]
Acton	Robert Dunsmore	4,241	26.7	2	Constituency^[15]
Altrincham	George Middleton	7,685	27.3	2	Postal Clerks^[16]^[17]
Argyllshire	Lauchlin MacNeill Weir	2,733	18.6	2	Highland Land League
Ayr Burghs	Campbell Stephen	4,534	23.2	3	ILP^[13]
Balham and Tooting	Frank Smith	3,586	17.2	2
Barnard Castle	John Edmund Swan	5,468	42.9	1	Miners^[14]
Barrow-in-Furness	Charles Duncan	12,309	49.4	2	Workers^[18]
Basingstoke	A. Close	6,277	35.9	2
Bath	Alfred James Bethell	5,244	25.2	2
Batley and Morley	Ben Turner	12,051	47.1	2	Textile Workers^[17]
Battersea North	Charlotte Despard	5,634	33.4	2	Constituency
Battersea South	Arthur Lynch	3,383	14.7	2
Bedwellty	Charles Edwards	11,370	53.6	1	Miners^[14]
Bermondsey West	Alfred Salter	1,956	18.6	3	ILP^[13]
Berwick and Haddington	Robert W. Foulis	4,783	30.0	2	Constituency^[15]
Birkenhead East	John Finigan	5,399	26.7	2
Birkenhead West	William Henry Egan	5,671	31.0	2
Birmingham Aston	John Banfield	4,451	29.4	2
Birmingham Erdington	Albert Edward Ayton	5,211	27.1	2
Birmingham Handsworth	Henry Joseph Odell	4,576	21.5	3
Birmingham Ladywood	John Kneeshaw	2,572	19.0	2	ILP^[13]
Birmingham Moseley	Robert Dunstan	3,789	16.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Birmingham Yardley	George Shann	7,466	38.3	2	Constituency^[17]
Bishop Auckland	Ben Spoor	10,060	50.6	1
Blackburn	Philip Snowden	15,274	19.7	3	ILP^[13]
Blackpool	Allan Gee	2,608	09.2	3	Textile Workers^[15]
Blaydon	William Whiteley	7,844	41.6	2	Miners^[14]
Bolton	Robert Tootill	unopposed	N/A	1	General Workers^[18]
Bosworth	Thomas Richardson	6,344	33.6	2	ILP^[13]
Bothwell	John Robertson	9,027	49.1	2	Miners^[14]
Bournemouth	Frederick Jesse Hopkins	5,301	25.0	2
Bow and Bromley	George Lansbury	7,248	44.3	2
Bradford Central	William Leach	7,636	31.3	2	ILP^[13]
Bradford East	Frederick William Jowett	8,637	37.9	2	ILP^[13]
Bradford North	John Henry Palin	6,499	29.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Brentford and Chiswick	William Haywood	2,620	20.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Bridgwater	Sid Plummer	5,771	31.4	2	Constituency^[15]
Brigg	David Quibell	4,789	27.3	2	ILP^[13]
Brighton	Thomas Lewis	8,971	10.8	3
Brighton	George William Canter	8,514	10.2	4
Bristol Central	Ernest Bevin	7,137	36.8	2
Bristol East	Luke Bateman	8,135	42.8	2	ILP^[13]
Bristol North	James Kaylor	5,007	26.5	2	Engineers
Bristol South	Thomas Lewis	6,409	31.8	2	Dockers^[15]
Broxtowe	George Alfred Spencer	11,150	55.2	1	Miners^[14]
Buckingham	John Scurr	7,481	32.3	2	Constituency^[15]
Buckrose	George Henry Dawson	3,176	20.8	2
Burnley	Dan Irving	15,217	41.9	1	Socialist
Burslem	Samuel Finney	7,474	44.3	1	Miners^[14]
Bury	Harry Wright Wallace	4,973	22.7	3	Postmen^[16]
Bute and Northern Ayrshire	Robert Smith	5,848	28.5	2	Constituency
Caerphilly	Alfred Onions	11,496	54.8	1	Miners^[14]
Camberwell North	Charles Ammon	2,175	21.0	3	ILP^[13] and Fawcett^[16]
Camborne	George Nicholls	6,546	48.0	2
Cambridge	Thomas Rhondda Williams	3,789	24.7	2
Cambridgeshire	Albert Ernest Stubbs	6,686	34.9	2	Constituency^[9]
Cambridge University	J. C. Squire	640	11.1	4
Canterbury	Edward Timothy Palmer	2,719	19.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Cardiff Central	James Ewart Edmunds	4,663	22.4	2	ILP^[13]
Cardiff East	Arthur James Williams	5,554	28.5	3	Railwaymen
Cardiff South	Joshua Clatworthy	4,303	26.3	2	Coal Trimmers
Carlisle	Ernest Lowthian	4,736	33.2	2	General Workers
Chatham	Dan W. Hubbard	4,134	22.5	2	Engineers^[19]
Chelmsford	William F. Toynbee	5,551	33.1	2	Constituency^[9]^[15]
Chertsey	Thomas Linsey	3,232	19.3	2	Constituency^[20]^[15]
Chester	Arthur Mason	2,799	15.7	3	Locomotive Engineers^[21]
Chester-le-Street	John Wilkinson Taylor	unopposed	N/A	1	Durham Colliery Mechanics
Chichester	Frederick Ernest Green	6,705	31.6	2	Constituency^[15]
Chippenham	Reuben George	2,939	17.7	3	Constituency^[15]
Chorley	Elijah Sandham	6,222	32.3	2	ILP^[13]
Clay Cross	Frank Hall	6,766	45.9	2	Miners^[14]
Cleveland	Harry Dack	8,610	35.3	2	Miners^[14]
Clitheroe	Alfred Davies	9,578	44.7	1	Textile Factory Workers^[22]
Coatbridge	Owen Coyle	7,254	35.5	2	Constituency^[15]
Colchester	Andrew Conley	7,112	38.9	2	Garment Workers^[17]
Colne Valley	Wilfrid Whiteley	9,473	41.2	2	ILP^[13]
Combined English Universities	John A. Hobson	366	18.4	3
Combined Scottish Universities	Peter Macdonald	1,581	12.2	4
Consett	G. H. Stuart-Bunning	7,268	32.8	3	Postmen^[16]
Coventry	Richard Collingham Wallhead	10,298	32.4	2	ILP^[13]
Crewe	James Thomas Brownlie	10,439	43.8	2	Engineers^[19]
Croydon South	Henry Thomas Muggeridge	7,006	28.2	2
Dartford	William Ling	6,506	29.4	2	Constituency^[15]
Darwen	John McGurk	5,211	23.4	3	Miners^[14]
Daventry	Will Rogers	7,824	41.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Denbigh	Edward Thomas John	2,958	16.7	2	Constituency^[15]
Deptford	Charles William Bowerman	14,073	54.4	1	Compositors^[18]
Derby	James Henry Thomas	25,145	37.8	1	Railwaymen^[22]
Dewsbury	Benjamin Riley	5,596	30.1	2	ILP^[13]
Doncaster	Robert Morley	5,153	25.0	2	Workers^[23]
Don Valley	Edward Hough	3,226	24.5	3	Miners^[14]
Dudley	William Bridgland Steer	6,048	39.8	2
Dumbarton Burghs	David Kirkwood	10,566	47.4	2	Engineers
Dunbartonshire	William Martin	7,072	30.9	2	ILP^[13]
Dundee	Alexander Wilkie	24,822	36.1	2	Shipwrights^[18]
Dundee	James Sunney Brown	7,769	11.3	4
Durham	Joshua Ritson	8,809	49.4	2	Miners^[14]
Ealing	Alfred Chilton	3,610	20.8	2
Eastbourne	Thomas Burleigh Hasdell	4,641	26.0	2	Constituency^[15]
East Dorset	Alfred Smith	4,321	26.6	2	Vehicle Workers^[17]
East Grinstead	David Pole	6,208	33.0	2	Constituency^[15]
East Ham South	Arthur Henderson	5,024	26.9	3	Ironfounders^[18]
East Renfrewshire	Robert Spence	5,048	27.8	2	Constituency^[15]
Ebbw Vale	Thomas Richards	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners^[14]
Edinburgh Central	William Graham	7,161	51.3	1	ILP^[13]
Edinburgh West	John Alexander Young	2,622	14.6	3
Edmonton	Frank Broad	3,575	25.7	2	Socialist
Elland	Dennis Hardaker	5,923	25.6	3	Constituency^[15]
Enfield	William E. Hill	6,176	37.5	2	Railway Clerks^[24]
Epsom	James Chuter Ede	4,796	26.1	2	Constituency^[15]
Evesham	Walter Metcalfe Fielding	2,863	16.9	3	Constituency^[15]
Farnham	John Hayes	3,534	24.6	2	Constituency^[15]
Farnworth	Thomas Greenall	9,740	40.8	2	Miners^[14]
Faversham	Stanley Morgan	5,981	31.8	2	Constituency^[15]
Finchley	John Leslie	3,140	18.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Forest of Dean	James Wignall	9,731	62.8	1	Dockers^[17]
Frome	Edward Gill	10,454	43.9	2	Miners^[14]
Fulham East	David Cook	2,883	19.5	2
Fulham West	Robert Mark Gentry	4,435	23.7	2
Fylde	William John Tout	7,400	35.1	2	Textile Factory Workers
Gateshead	John Brotherton	7,212	23.8	2	Engineers
Gillingham	William Tapp	4,705	25.9	2	Shipwrights
Glasgow Bridgeton	James Maxton	7,860	39.8	2	ILP^[13]
Glasgow Camlachie	Hugh Guthrie	7,192	33.1	2	ILP^[13]
Glasgow Cathcart	Gavin Brown Clark	4,489	21.6	2
Glasgow Central	David Quin	4,736	21.2	2
Glasgow Gorbals	John Maclean	7,436	34.1	2	Socialist
Glasgow Govan	Neil Maclean	9,577	47.8	1	ILP^[13]
Glasgow Hillhead	John Izett	4,186	24.6	2	ILP^[13]
Glasgow Maryhill	John William Muir	5,531	27.9	2
Partick	William Mackie	5,173	29.9	2
Glasgow St Rollox	James Stewart	6,147	33.2	2	ILP^[13]
Glasgow Shettleston	John Wheatley	9,827	49.8	2	ILP^[13]
Glasgow Springburn	George Hardie	7,996	39.1	2	ILP^[13]
Gloucester	William Levason Edwards	2,860	17.3	3
Gower	John Williams	10,109	54.8	1	Miners^[14]
Gravesend	James Butts	3,254	21.5	2	Engineers^[19]
Great Yarmouth	William McConnell	1,848	12.8	3	Socialist
Greenwich	James Bermingham	6,471	30.7	2
Grimsby	Charles Franklin	9,015	35.4	2	Socialist
Guildford	William Bennett	5,078	27.9	2	Constituency^[15]
Hamilton	Duncan Macgregor Graham	6,988	42.1	1	Miners^[14]
Hammersmith North	Christopher Morden	2,048	16.4	4
Hammersmith South	John Westcott	1,958	14.9	3
Hampstead	Skene Mackay	3,646	19.3	2
Hanley	Myles Harper Parker	7,697	38.7	2	Enginemen^[17]
Harborough	Walter John Baker	4,495	25.6	3	Postal Clerks^[16]
The Hartlepools	Will Sherwood	4,733	18.6	3	General Workers
Hastings	Joseph George Butler	3,556	24.1	2	Socialist
Hemel Hempstead	Jesse Hawkes	2,913	22.4	2	Constituency^[15]
Hemsworth	John Guest	8,102	55.5	1	Miners^[14]
Hendon	Frank Bailey	3,159	16.1	2	Constituency^[15]
Hereford	Sidney Box	3,730	24.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Hertford	Cyril Harding	1,679	09.1	3	Constituency^[15]
Hexham	William Weir	4,168	26.2	2	Miners^[14]
Heywood and Radcliffe	Horace Nobbs	6,827	32.4	2	Postal Clerks^[16]
Hitchin	Robert Green	5,661	34.9	2	Constituency^[15]
Holland-with-Boston	William Stapleton Royce	8,788	39.8	1	Constituency
Houghton-le-Spring	Robert Richardson	7,315	36.4	1	Miners^[14]
Huddersfield	Harry Snell	12,737	32.5	2	ILP^[13]
Hythe	Robert William Forsyth	3,427	28.0	2
Ilford	Herbert Dunnico	4,621	19.5	2
Ilkeston	George Oliver	7,962	45.2	2	Engineers
Ince	Stephen Walsh	14,882	87.0	1	Miners^[18]
Ipswich	Robert Frederick Jackson	8,143	32.1	2	ILP^[13]
Islington East	Arthur John Lewer	3,122	16.3	3
Islington West	John Thomas Sheppard	2,300	20.9	3	Engineers
Jarrow	John Hill	8,034	39.0	2
Keighley	William Bland	6,324	27.7	3	ILP^[13]
Kennington	William Glennie	2,817	25.4	3	Engineers
Kensington North	William Joseph Jarrett	3,653	21.7	2	Constituency^[15]
Kidderminster	John Baker	9,760	42.0	2	Iron & Steel^[7]
King's Lynn	Robert Barrie Walker	9,780	49.1	2	Agricultural^[25]
Kingston upon Hull East	R. H. Farrah	3,725	20.4	3	Constituency
Kingston upon Hull North West	Alfred Gould	3,528	19.3	3	Carpenters & Joiners^[26]
Kingston upon Hull South West	Robert Mell	3,121	19.3	3	ILP^[13]
Kingston-upon-Thames	Thomas Henry Dumper	2,502	13.6	2
Kingswinford	Charles Henry Sitch	10,397	48.0	1	Chain Makers^[17]
Lanark	James C. Welsh	5,821	31.0	2	ILP^[13]
Leeds North	George Hartley Thompson	3,423	18.4	2	Constituency^[15]
Leeds North East	John Bromley	4,450	24.5	2	Locomotive Engineers^[21]
Leeds South	Frank Fountain	5,510	31.5	2
Leeds South East	James O'Grady	unopposed	N/A	1	Furnishing Trades^[18]
Leeds West	John Arnott	6,020	29.5	2	ILP^[13]
Leek	William Bromfield	10,510	51.7	1	Midland Textile
Leicester East	George Banton	6,697	27.1	2	ILP^[13]
Leicester South	Frederick Fox Riley	5,463	22.8	2	Postal Clerks^[16]
Leicester West	Ramsay MacDonald	6,347	24.0	2	ILP^[13]
Leigh	Richard Owen Jones	11,146	46.4	2	Engineers^[19]
Leith	Stanley Burgess	4,251	19.1	3	Engineers
Lewes	Tom Pargeter	4,164	33.6	2	Constituency^[15]
Leyton East	William Carter	3,669	30.3	3
Lichfield	T. Riley	5,548	36.4	2	Miners^[14]
Lincoln	Robert Arthur Taylor	6,658	28.5	2	Engineers^[19]
Linlithgowshire	Manny Shinwell	8,723	40.3	2	ILP^[13]
Liverpool Edge Hill	Peter Tevenan	5,587	36.2	2	Constituency
Liverpool Fairfield	George Porter	3,337	21.9	3
Liverpool Kirkdale	Samuel Mason	5,012	32.6	2
Liverpool Walton	Dixon Smith	4,580	28.6	2	Blind
Liverpool Wavertree	Charles Wilson	5,103	27.0	2
Liverpool West Derby	George Nelson	5,618	36.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Liverpool West Toxteth	William Albert Robinson	6,850	34.4	2	Warehouse Workers^[17]
Llandaff and Barry	Russell Lowell Jones	6,607	30.8	2
Llanelli	John Henry Williams	14,409	46.9	2	Constituency^[15]
London University	Sidney Webb	2,141	31.7	2
Lonsdale	David Hunter	4,472	24.3	2	Constituency^[15]
Loughborough	Herbert William Hallam	6,381	34.9	2	Constituency^[15]
Luton	Willet Ball	5,964	30.6	2	Constituency^[15]
Macclesfield	William Pimblott	10,253	41.8	2	Constituency^[15]
Maidstone	Frederick George Burgess	6,277	34.5	2	Constituency^[15]
Maldon	George Dallas	6,315	39.6	2	Constituency^[15]
Manchester Ardwick	Thomas Lowth	5,670	31.8	2	Railwaymen^[27]
Manchester Blackley	Arnold Townend	3,659	25.0	2	Railway Clerks^[27]^[24]
Manchester Clayton	John Edward Sutton	7,654	38.4	2	Miners^[14]
Manchester Gorton	John Hodge	13,047	67.4	1	Iron & Steel^[7]
Manchester Platting	John Robert Clynes	unopposed	N/A	1	General Workers^[27]
Manchester Rusholme	Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence	2,985	15.6	3	Constituency^[27]
Mansfield	William Carter	8,957	43.6	1	Miners^[14]
Merthyr	James Winstone	12,682	47.3	2	Miners^[14]
Middlesbrough East	Frederick William Carey	3,776	30.8	2
Middlesbrough West	Charlie Cramp	5,350	32.8	2	Railwaymen
Middleton and Prestwich	John B. Battle	6,501	30.5	2
Montrose Burghs	Henry Noel Brailsford	2,940	24.0	2	ILP^[13]
Morpeth	John Cairns	7,677	34.3	1	Miners^[14]
Motherwell	Walton Newbold	4,135	23.2	2	ILP^[13]
Neath	Herbert Morgan	9,670	35.2	2	Constituency^[15]
Nelson and Colne	Albert Smith	14,075	62.0	1	Textile Factory Workers
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Central	James Smith	4,976	34.6	2	ILP^[13]
Newcastle-upon-Tyne East	Walter Hudson	5,195	34.7	2	Railwaymen
Newcastle-upon-Tyne North	Robert John Wilson	3,102	16.5	3	Constituency^[15]
Newcastle-upon-Tyne West	David Adams	6,411	33.4	2	Engineers^[19]
Newport (Monmouthshire)	John William Bowen	10,234	41.0	2	Postmen^[16]
Newton	Robert Young	9,808	55.0	1	Engineers^[19]
Normanton	Frederick Hall	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners^[14]
Northampton	Walter Halls	10,735	37.3	2
North East Derbyshire	Frank Lee	5,560	28.6	2	Miners^[14]
North Lanarkshire	Joseph Sullivan	5,673	34.1	2	Miners^[14]
Norwich	Herbert Witard	6,856	11.6	3	Constituency^[17]
Nottingham East	Thomas Proctor	2,817	19.4	2	Engineers^[19]
Nottingham West	Arthur Hayday	7,286	56.8	1	General Workers
Nuneaton	Ivor Gregory	6,269	25.8	2	Locomotive Engineers^[21]
Ogmore	Vernon Hartshorn	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners^[14]
Oldham	William Cornforth Robinson	15,178	19.6	3	Textile Factory Workers^[22]
Ormskirk	James Bell	6,545	37.2	1	Textile Factory Workers
Oswestry	Thomas Morris	8,467	40.8	2	Miners^[14]
Oxford University	Henry Sanderson Furniss	335	06.0	4
Peckham	Charles Diamond	2,559	16.1	3
Peebles and Southern Midlothian	James Gold	4,830	39.4	2	Miners^[14]
Pembrokeshire	Ivor Gwynne	7,712	28.0	2	Tin and Sheet Millmen
Peterborough	John Mansfield	8,832	41.0	2	Constituency^[15]
Petersfield	John Pile	4,267	28.5	2	Constituency^[15]
Plymouth Devonport	Fred Bramley	4,115	19.3	2	Furnishing
Plymouth Sutton	William Thomas Gay	5,334	20.6	2
Pontefract	Isaac Burns	5,047	37.1	2	Miners^[14]
Pontypool	Thomas Griffiths	8,348	38.8	1	Iron & Steel^[7]
Pontypridd	David Lewis Davies	10,152	42.8	2	Miners^[14]
Poplar South	Samuel March	4,446	25.6	2
Portsmouth Central	Hugh Hinshelwood	4,004	19.1	3	Socialist
Portsmouth South	James Lacey	3,070	13.2	3
Preston	Tom Shaw	19,213	25.8	1	Textile Factory Workers^[22]
Pudsey and Otley	George Ripley Carter	4,583	24.8	2	Constituency^[15]
Reading	Thomas Charles Morris	8,410	29.8	2	Railwaymen
Rhondda East	David Watts-Morgan	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners^[14]
Rhondda West	William Abraham	unopposed	N/A	1	Miners^[14]
Rochdale	R. H. Tawney	4,956	16.5	3	ILP^[13]
Romford	Walter Henry Letts	5,044	28.1	2	Constituency^[15]
Ross and Cromarty	Hector Munro	2,278	21.4	2
Rossendale	Gilbert Wright Jones	7,984	35.1	2	Textile Factory Workers
Rotherham	James Walker	9,757	38.1	2	Iron & Steel^[7]
Rotherhithe	Will Godfrey	1,750	15.5	3
Rother Valley	Thomas Walter Grundy	9,917	55.1	1	Miners^[14]
Rothwell	William Lunn	9,098	44.1	1	Miners^[14]
Roxburgh and Selkirk	Thomas Hamilton	5,574	29.9	2	Constituency^[15]
Royton	James Crinion	4,875	22.4	2
Rushcliffe	Charles Harris	6,180	29.9	2	Constituency^[15]
Rutland and Stamford	Fleming Eccles	7,639	46.4	2	General Workers
Rutherglen	William Regan	8,759	40.9	2	ILP^[13]
Saffron Walden	James Joseph Mallon	4,531	29.9	2	Constituency^[15]
St Helens	James Sexton	15,583	57.1	1	Dock Labourers^[17]
St Ives	Albert Dunn	6,659	38.4	2	Constituency^[15]
St Pancras North	John Gilbert Dale	4,651	26.6	3	Prison Officers^[17]
St Pancras South East	Herbert George Romeril	2,189	16.9	4	Railway Clerks^[24]
Salford North	Ben Tillett	12,079	74.4	1	Dockers^[27]
Salford South	James Gorman	3,807	19.0	2	Engineers^[27]
Salford West	Rhys John Davies	4,503	23.1	3	Constituency^[27]^[15]
Scarborough and Whitby	John Watson Rowntree	1,025	04.9	3	Constituency^[15]
Seaham	John James Lawson	8,988	41.3	2	Miners^[14]
Sedgefield	John Herriotts	5,801	36.8	2	Miners^[14]
Sevenoaks	John Ephraim Skinner	3,323	23.8	2
Sheffield Attercliffe	William Crawford Anderson	6,539	34.7	2	ILP^[13]
Sheffield Brightside	Richard Edward Jones	6,781	35.8	2	Engineers^[19]
Sheffield Park	Alf Barton	3,167	20.4	2	Socialist
Shipley	Tom Snowden	5,690	25.4	2	ILP^[13]
Shrewsbury	Arthur Taylor	5,542	36.1	2	Engineers
Smethwick	John Davison	9,389	52.2	1	Ironfounders
Southampton	Tommy Lewis	7,828	10.6	4	Socialist
Southampton	Frederick Perriman	6,776	09.2	5	ILP^[13]
South Ayrshire	James Brown	6,358	37.3	1	Miners^[14]
South Derbyshire	Samuel Truman	7,923	33.8	2	Constituency^[15]
South Dorset	Brett Morgan	5,159	31.6	2	Constituency^[15]
South East Essex	Joe Cotter	5,343	29.0	2	Ship Stewards
South Norfolk	George Edwards	6,536	35.7	2	Agricultural^[25]
Southport	Arthur Greenwood	5,727	28.0	2
South Shields	George John Rowe	6,425	24.8	2
Southwark Central	Leslie Haden-Guest	3,126	27.9	2
Southwark North	George Alfred Isaacs	2,027	22.4	3	Printers' Assistants
Southwark South East	Thomas Ellis Naylor	2,718	27.4	2	London Compositors
Sowerby	John William Ogden	7,306	32.7	2	Textile Factory Workers^[22]
Spelthorne	Frank Ernest Horton	2,418	15.1	2	Constituency^[15]
Spennymoor	Joseph Batey	8,196	46.5	2	Miners^[14]
Spen Valley	Tom Myers	8,508	44.4	2	Constituency^[15]
Stalybridge and Hyde	Walter Fowden	6,508	24.8	2	ILP^[13]^[28]
Stepney Limehouse	Daniel Desmond Sheehan	2,470	25.2	2
Stepney Mile End	William Devenay	2,392	25.1	2
Stirling and Falkirk	Archibald Logan	5,201	35.7	2	Iron Moulders^[17]
Stourbridge	Mary Reid Anderson	7,587	32.7	2	Women Workers^[20]
Stretford	Joseph Hallsworth	5,216	23.3	2	Constituency^[15]
Stroud	Charles Wye Kendall	8,522	40.1	2	Constituency^[15]
Sudbury	Joseph Rouse Hicks	390	3.0	3
Sunderland	Frank Goldstone	9,578	15.2	3	Teachers^[18]
Swansea East	David Williams	6,341	36.4	2	ILP^[13]
Swansea West	John James Powesland	5,510	25.6	3
Swindon	Joseph Compton	8,393	39.9	2	Coachmakers^[17]
Taunton	George Saville Woods	4,816	27.6	2	Constituency^[15]
Tiverton	Donald B. Fraser	2,377	14.1	3	Constituency^[15]
Tonbridge	John Palmer	5,006	23.3	2	Constituency^[15]
Torquay	Alfred Trestrail	4,029	18.9	2	Constituency^[15]
Tottenham South	Leo Chiozza Money	5,779	37.0	2
Twickenham	Humphrey Chalmers	2,823	16.8	2	Constituency^[15]
Tynemouth	George Harold Humphries	2,566	15.2	3
University of Wales	Millicent Mackenzie	176	19.2	2
Uxbridge	Harry Gosling	6,251	37.6	2	Watermen^[17]
Wakefield	Albert Bellamy	5,882	33.7	2	Railwaymen^[29]
Wallasey	Walter Citrine	4,384	16.6	2	Electrical^[30]
Wallsend	John Chapman	6,835	34.0	2	Constituency
Walsall	Joseph Thickett	8,336	30.0	2
Walthamstow West	Valentine McEntee	4,167	29.3	2	Socialist, Carpenters & Joiners^[26]
Wandsworth Central	George Pearce Blizard	3,382	23.9	2
Wansbeck	Ebenezer Edwards	5,267	47.5	2	Miners^[14]
Warrington	Isaac Brassington	5,377	22.6	3	Railwaymen
Waterloo	Samuel Reeves	2,619	16.5	2	Constituency^[15]
Watford	George Lathan	4,952	25.4	2	Railway Clerks^[24]
Wednesbury	Alfred Short	11,341	49.8	1	Boilermakers^[17]
Wellingborough	Walter Robert Smith	10,290	52.5	1	Boot & Shoe^[31]
Wentworth	George Henry Hirst	13,029	59.8	1	Miners^[14]
West Bromwich	Frederick Owen Roberts	11,572	54.0	1	Typographical^[9]
West Fife	William Adamson	10,664	72.6	1	Miners^[14]
West Renfrewshire	Robert Murray	7,126	38.2	2	ILP^[13]
West Stirlingshire	Tom Johnston	3,809	28.7	2	ILP^[13]
Westbury	Ernest Nathaniel Bennett	3,537	18.8	3	Constituency^[15]
West Ham Plaistow	Will Thorne	12,156	94.9	1	General Workers^[18]
West Ham Silvertown	David John Davis	2,278	16.9	3	ILP^[17]
West Ham Upton	Benjamin Walter Gardner	3,186	22.2	2	ILP^[17]
Westhoughton	William Tyson Wilson	11,849	63.9	1	Carpenters & Joiners^[26]
Whitechapel and St George's	Robert Ambrose	2,522	29.2	2
Whitehaven	Thomas Gavan Duffy	9,016	45.6	2	Cumberland Iron Miners^[17]
Widnes	Tom Williamson	7,821	40.4	2	NAUL
Wigan	John Parkinson	12,914	48.0	1	Miners^[14]
Willesden East	Henry James Lincoln	4,941	25.0	2	Postmen^[16]
Willesden West	Samuel Viant	7,217	37.2	2	Carpenters & Joiners^[26]
Wolverhampton Bilston	John William Kynaston	6,744	39.5	2
Wolverhampton West	Alexander Walkden	10,158	42.2	2	Railway Clerks^[24]
Wood Green	Harri Tudor Rhys	4,539	17.0	2	Constituency^[15]
Woolwich East	Will Crooks	unopposed	N/A	1	Coopers^[18]
Woolwich West	Alexander Gordon Cameron	7,088	34.5	2	Carpenters & Joiners^[26]
Workington	Thomas Cape	10,441	51.4	1	Miners^[18]
Wrexham	Hugh Hughes	6,500	23.7	2
Yeovil	William Thomas Kelly	7,589	36.4	2	Engineers^[19]
York	Thomas Harry Gill	4,822	18.0	3	Railway Clerks^[24]

By-election	Candidate	Votes	%	Position	Sponsor
1919 Liverpool West Derby by-election	George Nelson	4,670	43.5	2	Constituency
1919 Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central by-election	Joseph Forbes Duncan	3,482	26.4	3	ILP^[32]
1919 Swansea East by-election	David Williams	8,158	46.9	2	ILP^[32]
1919 Bothwell by-election	John Robertson	13,135	68.8	1	Miners
1919 Widnes by-election	Arthur Henderson	11,404	52.3	1	Iron Founders
1919 Pontefract by-election	Isaac Burns	8,445	46.0	2	Miners
1919 Manchester Rusholme by-election	Robert Dunstan	6,412	31.2	2	ILP^[32]
1919 Chester-le-Street by-election	Jack Lawson	17,838	77.1	1	Miners
1919 Plymouth Sutton by-election	William Thomas Gay	9,292	33.3	2
1919 St Albans by-election	John W. Brown	8,908	42.4	2	Shipping Clerks
1919 Bromley by-election	Francis Percy Hodes	10,077	47.5	2
1919 Spen Valley by-election	Tom Myers	11,962	39.4	1	ILP^[32]
1920 Ashton-under-Lyne by-election	William Cornforth Robinson	8,127	39.6	2	Textile Factory Workers
February 1920 The Wrekin by-election	Charles Duncan	8,729	38.4	2	Workers^[23]
1920 Horncastle by-election	William Holmes	3,443	18.8	3	Agricultural Workers
1920 Argyll by-election	Malcolm MacCallum	5,498	35.1	2	Highland Land League
1920 Dartford by-election	John Edmund Mills	13,610	50.2	1
1920 Stockport by-election	Leo Chiozza Money	16,042	18.0	3
1920 Basingstoke by-election	James H. Round	5,352	27.8	3
1920 Camberwell North West by-election	Susan Lawrence	4,733	32.1	2
1920 Northampton by-election	Margaret Bondfield	13,279	44.4	2	Shop Assistants
1920 Edinburgh North by-election	David Pole	3,808	17.1	3
1920 Sunderland by-election	Vickerman Henzell Rutherford	14,379	34.0	2
1920 Nelson and Colne by-election	Robinson Graham	14,134	49.5	1
1920 Ebbw Vale by-election	Evan Davies	unopposed	N/A	1
1920 South Norfolk by-election	George Edwards	8,594	45.7	1	Agricultural^[25]
1920 Woodbridge by-election	Henry Devenish Harben	8,707	46.8	2
1920 Ilford by-election	Joseph King	6,577	22.9	2
November 1920 The Wrekin by-election	Charles Duncan	10,600	42.1	2
1920 Abertillery by-election	George Barker	15,942	66.4	1	Miners
1920 Rhondda West by-election	William John	14,035	58.5	1
1921 Woolwich East by-election	Ramsay MacDonald	13,081	48.7	2	ILP
1921 Dudley by-election	James Wilson	10,244	50.7	1	Railwaymen^[29]
1921 Kirkcaldy Burghs by-election	Tom Kennedy	11,674	53.4	1	NSP
1921 Penistone by-election	William Gillis	8,560	36.2	1	Miners
1921 Taunton by-election	James Lunnon	8,290	38.9	2	Agricultural Workers^[33]
1921 Bedford by-election	Frederick Fox Riley	9,731	40.3	2	Post Office Workers^[16]
1921 Hastings by-election	Richard Davies	5,437	25.5	2	Constituency
1921 Heywood and Radcliffe by-election	Walter Halls	13,430	41.7	1	Railwaymen^[29]
1921 Caerphilly by-election	Morgan Jones	13,699	54.2	1	ILP^[34]
1921 Louth by-election	James L. George	3,873	19.5	3	Constituency^[34]
1921 Westhoughton by-election	Rhys Davies	14,876	58.4	1	Distributive Workers^[34]
1921 Southwark South East by-election	Thomas Ellis Naylor	6,561	57.0	1	London Compositors^[5]
1922 Tamworth by-election	George Henry Jones	6,671	31.2	2	Miners^[34]
1922 Manchester Clayton by-election	John Edward Sutton	14,662	57.1	1	Miners^[34]
1922 Camberwell North by-election	Charles Ammon	7,854	53.9	1	Post Office Workers^[16]
1922 Wolverhampton West by-election	Alexander Walkden	13,799	45.1	2	Railway Clerks^[35]
1922 Cambridge by-election	Hugh Dalton	6,954	31.1	2	Constituency^[34]
1922 Leicester East by-election	George Banton	14,062	52.9	1	ILP^[34]
1922 Nottingham East by-election	A. H. Jones	5,431	27.3	2	Co-op
1922 Gower by-election	David Rhys Grenfell	13,296	57.5	1	Miners
1922 Pontypridd by-election	Thomas Isaac Mardy Jones	16,630	57.0	1	Miners
1922 Hackney South by-election	Holford Knight	9,046	49.8	2
1922 Newport by-election	John William Bowen	11,425	33.8	2	Post Office Workers^[16]