List of Mesozoic bird-line archosaur genera (P–S)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This list of Mesozoic bird-line archosaur genera is a comprehensive listing of all Mesozoic genera that are included in the clade Avemetatarsalia (alternatively known as Pan-Aves), including dinosaurs, pterosaurs, silesaurids, lagerpetids, and more basal genera. The list includes all commonly accepted genera whose names begin with the letters P–S. The list currently includes 340 genera.
Scope and terminology
There is no official, canonical list of Mesozoic bird-line archosaur genera, but thorough attempts have been made for its various subgroups, such as George Olshevsky's Dinosaur Genera List,[1] the book The Dinosauria,[2] Mikko Haaramo's Phylogeny Archive,[3] Mike Hanson's The Pterosauria,[4] the Pterosaur Species List,[5] Donald F. Glut's Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia series,[6] Holtz's list of Mesozoic dinosaurs,[7] Molina-Perez & Larramendi's list of theropods,[8] and Mickey Mortimer's Theropod Database.[9] These lists have been supplemented with more recent publications to create this one.
- Genus: The generic name of the taxon, sourced to its description publication.
- Authors: Full names of the authors of the descriptions. This column can be sorted by last names.
- Year: The year when the descriptions were physically published. These are not necessarily the years the names became valid according to the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).
- Formation: The geological formations each taxon was found in, along with their epoch and age. In the case of multiple formations, holotype localities are marked by an asterisk.
- Location: Every country and first-level subdivision the taxon was found in. In the case of multiple locations, holotype localities are marked by an asterisk.
The list
| Genus | Authors | Year | Formation | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pachagnathus[10] | - Ricardo N. Martínez - Brian Andres - Cecilia Apaldetti - Ignacio A. Cerda |
2022 | Quebrada del Barro Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) |
 Argentina(  San Juan) |
One of the earliest pterosaurs from the Southern Hemisphere | |
| Pachycephalosaurus[11] | - Barnum Brown - Erich M. Schlaikjer |
1943 | Hell Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Lance Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)* |
 United States(  Montana South Dakota Wyoming*) |
Possessed a tall, rounded head dome surrounded by bony knobs |  |
| Pachyrhinosaurus[12] | - Charles M. Sternberg | 1950 | Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)* Prince Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) St. Mary River Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Wapiti Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
 Canada(  Alberta*) United States(  Alaska) |
Three species have been named, each with a unique pattern of cranial ornamentation |  |
| Pachysauriscus[13] | - Oskar Kuhn | 1959 | Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian to Rhaetian) |
 Germany(  Baden-Württemberg) |
Usually seen as a synonym of Plateosaurus, but one review considered it distinct | |
| Pachysuchus[14] | - Zhongjian Yang | 1951 | Lufeng Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian) |
 China(Yunnan) |
Considered a phytosaur from its original naming until a redescription in 2012 | |
| Padillasaurus[15] | - José L. Carballido - Diego Pol - Mary L. Parra Ruge - Santiago P. Bernal - María E. Páramo-Fonseca - Fernando Etayo-Serna |
2015 | Paja Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
 Colombia(  Boyacá) |
Originally described as a brachiosaurid although it could also be a somphospondylian |  |
| Palaeocursornis[16] | - Eugen Kessler - Tiberiu Jurcsák |
1986 | Bauxite of Cornet (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian) |
 Romania(Bihor) |
Has been conflated with Eurolimnornis | |
| Palaeopteryx[17] | - James A. Jensen | 1981 | Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Tithonian) |
United States (  Colorado) |
Known from a few very small bones which could belong to either a bird or a small bird-like dinosaur | |
| Palaeornis[18] | - Gideon A. Mantell | 1844 | Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian) |
 England(  West Sussex) |
Genus name preoccupied by a genus of parrots | |
| Palaeoscincus[19] | - Joseph Leidy | 1856 | Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Although many restorations depict it with the spikes of Edmontonia and the tail club of Ankylosaurus, this is most likely incorrect |  |
| Palaeotringa[20] | - Othniel C. Marsh | 1870 | Hornerstown Formation (Late Cretaceous to Paleocene, Maastrichtian to Danian) |
United States (  New Jersey) |
May have come from Paleocene deposits | |
| Palintropus[21] | - Pierce Brodkorb | 1970 | Lance Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
United States ( Wyoming) |
Has been suggested to be an early quercymegapodid | |
| Paludititan[22] | - Zoltán Csiki - Vlad Codrea - Cătălin Jipa-Murzea - Pascal Godefroit |
2010 | Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Romania (Hunedoara) |
Some of its bones are identical to those of Magyarosaurus, but their synonymy cannot be confirmed |  |
| Pampadromaeus[23] | - Sergio F. Cabreira - Cesar L. Schultz - Jonathas S. Bittencourt - Marina B. Soares - Daniel C. Fortier - Lúcio R. da Silva - Max C. Langer |
2011 | Candelária Sequence (Late Triassic, Carnian) |
 Brazil(  Rio Grande do Sul) |
Some features of its jaws are similar to those of theropods |  |
| Pamparaptor[24] | - Juan D. Porfiri - Jorge O. Calvo - Domenica D. dos Santos |
2011 | Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian) |
Argentina (  Neuquén) |
Had a troodontid-like metatarsal |  |
| Panamericansaurus[25] | - Jorge O. Calvo - Juan D. Porfiri |
2010 | Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
A titanosaur known from a single partial skeleton | |
| Pandoravenator[26] | - Oliver W. M. Rauhut - Diego Pol |
2017 | Cañadón Calcáreo Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian to Tithonian) |
Argentina (  Chubut) |
Inconsistent in phylogenetic placement | |
| Pangupterus[27] | - Junchang Lü - Cunyu Liu - Lijun Pan - Caizhi Shen |
2016 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Had long, sharp teeth that may indicate a fish-trapping mechanism | |
| Panguraptor[28] | - Hailu You - Yoichi Azuma - Tao Wang - Yaming Wang - Zhiming Dong |
2014 | Lufeng Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian) |
China (Yunnan) |
The first definitive coelophysoid known from Asia |  |
| Panoplosaurus[29] | - Lawrence M. Lambe | 1919 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Unlike other nodosaurids, it lacked enlarged spikes |  |
| Panphagia[30] | - Ricardo N. Martínez - Oscar A. Alcober |
2009 | Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian) |
Argentina ( San Juan) |
Was omnivorous as indicated by its heterodont dentition |  |
| Pantydraco[31] | - Peter M. Galton - Adam M. Yates - Diane Kermack |
2007 | Pant-y-Ffynnon Quarry (Late Triassic, Rhaetian) |
 Wales(Vale of Glamorgan) |
Originally named as a species of Thecodontosaurus and may indeed belong to that genus |  |
| Papiliovenator[32] | - Rui Pei - Yuying Qin - Aishu Wen - Qi Zhao - Zhe Wang - Zhanmin Liu - Weilesi Guo - Po Liu - Weiming Ye - Lanyun Wang - Zhigang Yin - Ruiming Dai - Xing Xu |
2022 | Bayan Mandahu Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Had a short, subtriangular skull similar to those of Early Cretaceous troodontids |  |
| Parabohaiornis[33] | - Min Wang - Zhonghe Zhou - Jingmai K. O'Connor - Nikita V. Zelenkov |
2014 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
A close relative of Bohaiornis | |
| Parahesperornis[34] | - Larry Martin | 1984 | Niobrara Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Campanian) |
United States (  Kansas) |
Preserves impressions of scutes and feathers |  |
| Parahongshanornis[35] | - Li Li - Jingqi Wang - Shilin Hou |
2011 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
One of the youngest known hongshanornithids |  |
| Paralitherizinosaurus[36] | - Yoshitsugu Kobayashi - Ryuji Takasaki - Anthony R. Fiorillo - Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig - Yoshinori Hikida |
2022 | Osoushinai Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
 Japan(  Hokkaido) |
Had stiffened claws that may have been used to pull vegetation to the mouth |  |
| Paralititan[37] | - Joshua B. Smith - Matthew C. Lamanna - Kernneth J. Lacovara - Peter Dodson - Jennifer R. Smith - Jason C. Poole - Robert Giegengack - Yousry Attia |
2001 | Bahariya Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
 Egypt(  Giza) |
May have lived in a tidal flat environment dominated by mangroves |  |
| Paranthodon[38] | - Franz Nopcsa | 1929 | Kirkwood Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Hauterivian) |
 South Africa(  Eastern Cape) |
Although only known from fragmentary specimens, they are enough to tell that it was a stegosaur |  |
| Parapengornis[39] | - Han Hu - Jingmai K. O'Connor - Zhonghe Zhou |
2015 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Proposed to have a woodpecker-like lifestyle due to features of the foot and tail |  |
| Paraprotopteryx[40] | - Xiaoting Zheng - Zihui Zhang - Lianhai Hou |
2007 | Huajiying Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian) |
China (Hebei) |
Seemingly had four ribbon-like tail feathers instead of only two as in most enantiornitheans | |
| Parapsicephalus[41] | - Gustav von Arthaber | 1919 | Whitby Mudstone Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian) |
England (  Yorkshire) |
An early pterosaur with historically contentious relationships |  |
| Pararhabdodon[42] | - Maria Lourdes Casanovas-Cladellas - José-Vicente Santafé Llopis - Albert Isidro-Llorens |
1993 | Conques Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
 Spain(  Catalonia) |
The first lambeosaurine identified from Europe |  |
| Parasaurolophus[43] | - William A. Parks | 1922 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* Fruitland Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Kaiparowits Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Kirtland Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta*) United States(  New Mexico Utah) |
Possessed a curved, hollow crest that varied in size between species |  |
| Paraxenisaurus[44] | - Claudia I. Serrano-Brañas - Belinda Espinosa-Chávez - S. Augusta Maccracken - Cirene Gutiérrez-Blando - Claudio de León-Dávila - José F. Ventura |
2020 | Cerro del Pueblo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
 Mexico(  Coahuila) |
Described as the first deinocheirid from North America |  |
| Pareisactus[45] | - Javier Párraga - Albert Prieto-Márquez |
2019 | Conques Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Spain ( Catalonia) |
Represented by a single scapula recovered from a hadrosaur bonebed |  |
| Parksosaurus[46] | - Charles M. Sternberg | 1937 | Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Had long toes which may be an adaptation to walking on soft soils in watercourses and marshlands |  |
| Paronychodon[47] | - Edward D. Cope | 1876 | Hell Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* Lance Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
United States ( Montana* North Dakota South Dakota Wyoming) |
Only known from highly distinctive teeth |  |
| Parvavis[48] | - Min Wang - Zhonghe Zhou - Guanghui Xu |
2014 | Jiangdihe Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Santonian) |
China (Yunnan) |
Small but fully mature at the time of its death |  |
| Parvicursor[49] | - Alexander A. Karhu - Alexander S. Rautian |
1996 | Baruungoyot Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
 Mongolia(  Ömnögovi) |
Originally believed to represent a diminutive adult dinosaur, although it was recently reinterpreted as a juvenile |  |
| Pasquiaornis[50] | - Tim T. Tokaryk - Stephen L. Cumbaa - John E. Storer |
1997 | Belle Fourche Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
Canada (  Saskatchewan) |
One of the oldest hesperornitheans known from North America | |
| Patagonykus[51] | - Fernando E. Novas | 1996 | Portezuelo Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Its discovery allowed researchers to connect Alvarezsaurus to parvicursorines |  |
| Patagopelta[52] | - Facundo Riguetti - Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola - Denis Ponce - Leonardo Salgado - Sebastián Apesteguía - Sebastián Rozadilla - Victoria Arbour |
2022 | Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Argentina (  Río Negro) |
Although originally described as a nodosaurid, later analyses recover it as a parankylosaurian |  |
| Patagopteryx[53] | - Herculano M. F. Alvarenga - José F. Bonaparte |
1992 | Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
A secondarily flightless basal ornithuromorph |  |
| Patagosaurus[54] | - José F. Bonaparte | 1979 | Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian) |
Argentina ( Chubut) |
Known from remains of adults and juveniles, depicting how various features developed in sauropods as they aged |  |
| Patagotitan[55] | - José L. Carballido - Diego Pol - Alejandro Otero - Ignacio A. Cerda - Leonardo Salgado - Alberto C. Garrido - Jahandar Ramezani - N. R. Cúneo - Javier M. Krause |
2017 | Cerro Barcino Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, Aptian to Cenomanian) |
Argentina ( Chubut) |
One of the largest dinosaurs known from reasonably complete remains |  |
| Pawpawsaurus[56] | - Yuong-Nam Lee | 1996 | Paw Paw Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
United States (  Texas) |
Had enlarged nasal cavities that gave it an acute sense of smell, even more powerful than that of contemporary theropods |  |
| Pectinodon[57] | - Kenneth Carpenter | 1982 | Hell Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Lance Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)* |
United States ( Montana Wyoming*) |
Had comb-like serrations on its teeth |  |
| Pedopenna[58] | - Xing Xu - Zhang Fucheng |
2005 | Haifanggou Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Known from a single leg with the impressions of long, symmetrical feathers |  |
| Pegomastax[59] | - Paul C. Sereno | 2012 | Upper Elliot Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Pliensbachian) |
South Africa ( Eastern Cape) |
The morphology of its jaws and beak suggests a diet of tough plants |  |
| Peishansaurus[60] | - Birger Bohlin | 1953 | Minhe Formation (Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
China (Gansu) |
Has been compared to thyreophorans and marginocephalians, but it is impossible to determine which assignment is correct | |
| Pelecanimimus[61] | - Bernardino P. Pérez-Moreno - José L. Sanz - Angela D. Buscalioni - José J. Moratalla - Francisco Ortega - Diego Rasskin-Gutman |
1994 | La Huérguina Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
Spain (  Castilla-La Mancha) |
Preserves extensive soft tissue impressions revealing the presence of a keratinous head crest and a pelican-like gular pouch |  |
| Pellegrinisaurus[62] | - Leonardo Salgado | 1996 | Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( Río Negro) |
May have lived inland unlike other contemporaneous titanosaurs |  |
| Peloroplites[63] | - Kenneth Carpenter - Jeff Bartlett - John Bird - Reese Barrick |
2008 | Cedar Mountain Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, Albian to Cenomanian) |
United States ( Utah) |
One of the largest known nodosaurids |  |
| Pelorosaurus[64] | - Gideon A. Mantell | 1850 | Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian) |
England ( West Sussex) |
The first sauropod identified as a terrestrial animal |  |
| Pendraig[65] | - Stephan N. F. Spiekman - Martín D. Ezcurra - Richard J. Butler - Nicholas C. Fraser - Susannah C.R. Maidment |
2021 | Pant-y-Ffynnon Quarry (Late Triassic, Rhaetian) |
Wales (Vale of Glamorgan) |
Would have lived on a dry limestone island |  |
| Penelopognathus[66] | - Pascal Godefroit - Hong Li - Changyong Shang |
2005 | Bayin-Gobi Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Named from a single dentary | |
| Pengornis[67] | - Zhonghe Zhou - Julia A. Clarke - Fucheng Zhang |
2008 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
One of the largest members of the Enantiornithes known from decent remains | |
| Pentaceratops[68] | - Henry F. Osborn | 1923 | Kirtland Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( New Mexico) |
Its epijugal bones (the hornlets under its eyes) were relatively large |  |
| Perijasaurus[69] | - Aldo F. Rincón - Daniel A. Raad Pájaro - Harold F. Jiménez Velandia - Martín D. Ezcurra - Jeffrey A. Wilson Mantilla |
2022 | La Quinta Formation (Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic, Toarcian to Aalenian) |
Colombia (  Cesar) |
Only known from a single vertebra |  |
| Peteinosaurus[70] | - Rupert Wild | 1978 | Calcare di Zorzino (Late Triassic, Norian) |
 Italy(  Lombardy) |
The paratype may not belong to the same species as the holotype |  |
| Petrobrasaurus[71] | - Leonardo S. Filippi - José I. Canudo - Leonardo J. Salgado - Alberto C. Garrido - Rodolfo A. García - Ignacio A. Cerda - Alejandro Otero |
2011 | Plottier Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Santonian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Shares somes features with lognkosaurs, but its membership within this clade cannot be confirmed |  |
| Petrodactyle[72] | - David W. E. Hone - René Lauer - Bruce Lauer - Frederik Spindler |
2023 | Mörnsheim Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian) |
Germany (  Bavaria) |
One of the largest Solnhofen pterosaurs |  |
| Phaedrolosaurus[73] | - Zhiming Dong | 1973 | Lianmuqin Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
China (Xinjiang) |
May have been a dromaeosaurid |  |
| Philovenator[74] | - Xing Xu - Qi Zhao - Corwin Sullivan - Qingwei Tan - P. Martin Sander - Qingyu Ma |
2012 | Bayan Mandahu Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Closely related to the contemporary Linhevenator but likely represents a separate taxon |  |
| Phosphatodraco[75] | Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola - Nathalie Bardet - Stéphane Jouve - Mohamed Iarochène - Baâdi Bouya - Mbarek Amaghzaz |
2003 | Couche III (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
 Morocco(Béni Mellal-Khénifra) |
One of the few azhdarchids that preserves a relatively complete neck |  |
| Phuwiangosaurus[76] | - Valérie Martin - Eric Buffetaut - Varavudh Suteethorn |
1994 | Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian to Hauterivian) |
 Thailand(Khon Kaen) |
A large member of the Euhelopodidae |  |
| Phuwiangvenator[77] | - Adun Samathi - Phornphen Chanthasit - P. Martin Sander |
2019 | Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian to Hauterivian) |
Thailand (Khon Kaen) |
Combines features of both allosauroids and coelurosaurs |  |
| Phyllodon[78] | - Richard A. Thulborn | 1973 | Alcobaça Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) |
 Portugal(Leiria) |
The front and back of its teeth were asymmetrical |  |
| Piatnitzkysaurus[54] | - José F. Bonaparte | 1979 | Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian) |
Argentina ( Chubut) |
One of the few early theropods with a well-preserved braincase |  |
| Piksi[79] | - David J. Varricchio | 2002 | Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Has been considered both a bird and a pterosaur | |
| Pilmatueia[80] | - Rodolfo A. Coria - Guillermo J. Windholz - Francisco Ortega - Philip J. Currie |
2019 | Mulichinco Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Had elongated spines on its cervical vertebrae, although they were not as tall as those of Amargasaurus and Bajadasaurus |  |
| Pinacosaurus[81] | - Charles W. Gilmore | 1933 | Alagteeg Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Campanian) Bayan Mandahu Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Djadokhta Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* |
China (Inner Mongolia Ningxia) Mongolia( Ömnögovi*) |
May have been capable of producing bird-like vocalizations |  |
| Pisanosaurus[82] | - Rodolfo M. Casamiquela | 1967 | Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian) |
Argentina ( San Juan) |
Either a basal ornithischian, a silesaurid, or a form linking both groups |  |
| Piscivoravis[83] | - Shuang Zhou - Zhonghe Zhou - Jingmai K. O'Connor |
2014 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Was piscivorous as indicated by preserved fish bones in its stomach area |  |
| Piscivorenantiornis[84] | - Min Wang - Zhonghe Zhou - Corwin Sullivan |
2016 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Known from a disarticulated skeleton preserved overlying a piece of stomach content composed of fish bones, which may have been its last meal | |
| Pitekunsaurus[85] | - Leonardo S. Filippi - Alberto C. Garrido |
2008 | Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Known from several bones from different parts of the body, including a braincase |  |
| Piveteausaurus[86] | - Philippe Taquet - Samuel P. Welles |
1977 | Marnes de Dives (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) |
 France(  Normandy) |
Has been suggested to be a species of Proceratosaurus |  |
| Planicoxa[87] | - Tony DiCroce - Kenneth Carpenter |
2001 | Cedar Mountain Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) |
United States ( Utah) |
The rear of its ilium was characteristically flat |  |
| Plataleorhynchus[88] | - Stafford C. B. Howse - Andrew R. Milner |
1995 | Purbeck Marble (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Tithonian to Berriasian) |
England (  Dorset) |
Had an expanded circular section at the tip of its snout similar to that of a spoonbill |  |
| Platanavis[89] | - Lev A. Nessov | 1992 | Bissekty Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian) |
 Uzbekistan(Navoiy) |
Only known from an isolated synsacrum | |
| Plateosauravus[90] | - Friedrich von Huene | 1932 | Lower Elliot Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) |
South Africa ( Eastern Cape* Limpopo) |
Known from multiple specimens, including those of juveniles |  |
| Plateosaurus[91] | - Hermann von Meyer | 1837 | Löwenstein Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian to Rhaetian)* |
Germany ( Baden-Württemberg Bavaria* Saxony-Anhalt) Switzerland(  Aargau) |
Known from over a hundred skeletons, several of them nearly complete |  |
| Platypelta[92] | - Paul Penkalski | 2018 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Originally assigned to Euoplocephalus but was given its own genus because of several morphological differences |  |
| Platytholus[93] | - John R. Horner - Mark B. Goodwin - David C. Evans |
2022 | Hell Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Differs from juveniles of the contemporary Pachycephalosaurus and Sphaerotholus, hence its classification as a new genus |  |
| Plesiohadros[94] | - Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar - David B. Weishampel - David C. Evans - Mahito Watabe |
2014 | Alagteeg Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Campanian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
The first hadrosauroid known from its formation | |
| Pneumatoraptor[95] | - Attila Ősi - Sebastián Apesteguía - Michał Kowalewski |
2010 | Csehbánya Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian) |
 Hungary(  Veszprém) |
One study suggests a position as a possible early palaeognath |  |
| Podokesaurus[96] | - Mignon Talbot | 1911 | Portland Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Sinemurian) |
United States (  Massachusetts) |
May have had a tail one and a half times longer than the rest of its skeleton |  |
| Poekilopleuron[97] | - Jacques A. Eudes-Deslongchamps | 1836 | Calcaire de Caen (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian) |
France ( Normandy) |
Its holotype was found alongside fish remains |  |
| Polacanthoides[98] | - Franz Nopcsa | 1928 | Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Barremian) |
England (  Isle of Wight) |
Potentially a synonym of Hylaeosaurus, Polacanthus, or both (a chimera) | |
| Polacanthus[99] | - William Fox | 1865 | Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
England ( Isle of Wight) |
Possessed a flat sacral shield dotted with small bumps |  |
| Polarornis[100] | - Sankar Chatterjee | 2002 | López de Bertodano Formation (Late Cretaceous to Paleocene, Maastrichtian to Danian) |
 Antarctica(  Argentine Antarctica British Antarctic Territory Chilean Antarctic Territory) |
Has been considered a primitive loon | |
| Polyodontosaurus[101] | - Charles W. Gilmore | 1932 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
May be identical to Latenivenatrix | |
| Polyonax[102] | - Edward D. Cope | 1874 | Denver Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
United States ( Colorado) |
A poorly known ceratopsian | |
| Portellsaurus[103] | - Andrés Santos-Cubedo - Carlos de Santisteban - Begoña Poza - Sergi Meseguer |
2021 | Margas de Mirambell Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
Spain (  Valencia) |
Closely related to Ouranosaurus |  |
| Potamornis[104] | - Andrzej Elżanowski - Gregory S. Paul - Thomas A. Stidham |
2001 | Lance Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
United States ( Wyoming) |
May have had a different feeding style than other hesperornitheans |  |
| Powellvenator[105] | - Martín D. Ezcurra | 2017 | Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) |
Argentina (  La Rioja) |
Some of this genus' remains were originally associated with those of a pseudosuchian | |
| Pradhania[106] | - T. S. Kutty - Sankar Chatterjee - Peter M. Galton - Paul Upchurch |
2007 | Upper Dharmaram Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Sinemurian) |
 India(Telangana) |
Closely related to Massospondylus |  |
| Praeornis[107] | - Alexander S. Rautian | 1978 | Karabastau Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Kimmeridgian) |
 Kazakhstan(Jambyl) |
Has been considered a plant but may be the only known Jurassic enantiornithean | |
| Prejanopterus[108] | - Carolina Fuentes Vidarte - Manuel Meijide Calvo |
2010 | Leza Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
Spain (  La Rioja) |
Two upper jaws were found curved, while the lower jaws were all straight | |
| Prenocephale[109] | - Teresa Maryańska - Halszka Osmólska |
1974 | Nemegt Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Had a distinctively conical dome |  |
| Prenoceratops[110] | - Brenda J. Chinnery | 2004 | Oldman Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* |
Canada ( Alberta) United States( Montana*) |
The only basal neoceratopsian known from a bonebed |  |
| Preondactylus[111] | - Rupert Wild | 1984 | Forni Dolostone (Late Triassic, Norian) |
Italy (  Friuli-Venezia Giulia) |
Its teeth were monocusped, pointed, and widely spaced apart, which meant it did not have tooth wear |  |
| Priconodon[112] | - Othniel C. Marsh | 1888 | Arundel Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
United States (  Maryland) |
Large but currently only known from teeth |  |
| Priodontognathus[113] | - Harry G. Seeley | 1875 | Lower Calcareous Grit (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
England ( Yorkshire) |
Only known from a single maxilla with teeth | |
| Proa[114] | - Andrew T. McDonald - Eduardo Espílez - Luis Mampel - James I. Kirkland - Luis Alcalá |
2012 | Escucha Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
Spain (  Aragon) |
The tip of its jaw was shaped like the bow of a ship |  |
| Probactrosaurus[115] | - Anatoly K. Rozhdestvensky | 1966 | Miaogou Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
The closest relative to the Hadrosauromorpha based on the definition of the group |  |
| Probrachylophosaurus[116] | - Elizabeth A. Freedman Fowler - John R. Horner |
2015 | Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Shows a skull morphology transitional between crestless and crested brachylophosaurins |  |
| Proceratosaurus[117] | - Friedrich von Huene | 1926 | Great Oolite Group (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian) |
England (  Gloucestershire) |
Preserves a small horn on its snout which may have anchored a crest as in the related Guanlong |  |
| Procompsognathus[118] | - Eberhard Fraas | 1913 | Löwenstein Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) |
Germany ( Baden-Württemberg) |
Has been suggested to be non-dinosaurian |  |
| Prodeinodon[119] | - Henry F. Osborn | 1924 | Öösh Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Barremian)* Xinlong Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
China (Guangxi) Mongolia(  Övörkhangai*) |
Potentially a carnosaur | |
| Propanoplosaurus[120] | - Ray Stanford - David B. Weishampel - Valerie B. Deleon |
2011 | Patuxent Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
United States ( Maryland) |
Only known from the imprints of a neonate skeleton |  |
| Propterodactylus[121] | - Frederik Spindler | 2024 | Painten Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian) |
Germany ( Bavaria) |
Before its formal description, it had been nicknamed the "Painten pro-pterodactyloid" | .png) |
| Prosaurolophus[122] | - Barnum Brown | 1916 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta*) United States( Montana) |
Had a relatively large head for a hadrosaur |  |
| Protarchaeopteryx[123] | - Qiang Ji - Shu-An Ji |
1997 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Usually thought to be a basal oviraptorosaur but one study suggests a basal position within Pennaraptora |  |
| Protathlitis[124] | - Andrés Santos-Cubedo - Carlos de Santisteban - Begoña Poza - Sergi Meseguer |
2023 | Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
Spain ( Valencia) |
Described as a basal baryonychine spinosaurid, but a recent study suggested the type material may be chimeric, regarding this genus as probably dubious | .png) |
| Protoceratops[125] | - Walter W. Granger - William K. Gregory |
1923 | Bayan Mandahu Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Djadokhta Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* |
China (Inner Mongolia) Mongolia( Ömnögovi*) |
Its remains are so abundant that it has been nicknamed the "sheep of the Cretaceous" |  |
| Protognathosaurus[126] | - George Olshevsky | 1991 | Xiashaximiao Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Bathonian to Oxfordian) |
China (Sichuan) |
Originally named Protognathus, but that name is preoccupied by a beetle | |
| Protohadros[127] | - Jason J. Head | 1998 | Lewisville Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
United States ( Texas) |
Possessed a downturned jaw which may be an adaptation to grazing on low-growing plants | |
| Protopteryx[128] | - Fucheng Zhang - Zhonghe Zhou |
2000 | Huajiying Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian) |
China (Hebei) |
One of the oldest and most primitive enantiornitheans | _NMNS.jpg) |
| Psittacosaurus[129] | - Henry F. Osborn | 1923 | Andakhuduk Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) Ejinhoro Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) Ilek Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) Khuren Dukh Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)* Qingshan Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Albian) Tugulu Group (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) Xinminbao Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) Xinpongnaobao Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Gansu Inner Mongolia Liaoning Shandong Xinjiang) Mongolia(  Bayankhongor Dornogovi*) Russia(  Kemerovo Oblast) Thailand(Chaiyaphum) |
Known from hundreds of specimens, many of them well-preserved |  |
| Pteranodon[130] | - Othniel C. Marsh | 1876 | Niobrara Formation (Late Cretaceous, Coniacian to Campanian)* Pierre Shale (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Kansas* South Dakota Wyoming) |
The quintessential pterosaur, with a long toothless beak and a crest that varied in shape between species and sexes |  |
| Pterodactylus[131] | - Georges Cuvier | 1809 | Altmühltal Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)* Torleite Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) |
Germany ( Bavaria) |
The first pterosaur fossil ever found |  |
| Pterodaustro[132] | - José F. Bonaparte | 1970 | Lagarcito Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
Argentina (  San Luis) |
Had hundreds of bristle-like teeth taller than its jaws that formed a filter-feeding adaptation | .jpg) |
| Pterofiltrus[133] | - Shunxing Jiang - Xiaolin Wang |
2011 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Possessed an extremely long snout with over a hundred teeth | |
| Pteropelyx[134] | - Edward D. Cope | 1889 | Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Potentially synonymous with Corythosaurus, although this cannot be confirmed due to the lack of cranial remains | |
| Pterorhynchus[135] | - Stephen A. Czerkas - Qiang Ji |
2002 | Haifanggou Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Had an elongated version of the vane present in other long-tailed pterosaurs |  |
| Pterospondylus[136] | - Otto Jaekel | 1914 | Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian to Rhaetian) |
Germany ( Saxony-Anhalt) |
Known from only a single, large vertebra |  |
| Pterygornis[137] | - Min Wang - Han Hu - Zhiheng Li |
2016 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
One disarticulated skeleton from this genus possesses well-preserved bones of the skull, including a quadratojugal | |
| Puertasaurus[138] | - Fernando E. Novas - Leonardo Salgado - Jorge O. Calvo - Federico L. Agnolín |
2005 | Cerro Fortaleza Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
Argentina (  Santa Cruz) |
Large but only known from very few remains |  |
| Pukyongosaurus[139] | - Zhiming Dong - In-Sung Paik - Hyun-Joo Kim |
2001 | Hasandong Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
 South Korea(  South Gyeongsang) |
One of its caudal vertebrae has bite marks caused by theropod teeth |  |
| Pulanesaura[140] | - Blair W. McPhee - Matthew F. Bonnan - Adam M. Yates - Johann Neveling - Jonah N. Choiniere |
2015 | Upper Elliot Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Pliensbachian) |
South Africa (  Free State) |
A low browser that lacked the extremely long neck of later sauropods |  |
| Punatitan[141] | - E. Martín Hechenleitner - Léa Leuzinger - Agustín G. Martinelli - Sebastián Rocher - Lucas E. Fiorelli - Jeremías R. A. Taborda - Leonardo Salgado |
2020 | Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( La Rioja) |
Contemporary with Bravasaurus but was most likely distantly related | |
| Puntanipterus[142] | - José F. Bonaparte - Teresa M. Sánchez |
1975 | La Cruz Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
Argentina ( San Luis) |
Has been considered either a dsungaripterid or a synonym of Pterodaustro | |
| Pycnonemosaurus[143] | - Alexander W. A. Kellner - Diogenes A. Campos |
2002 | Cachoeira do Bom Jardim Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
Brazil (  Mato Grosso) |
Potentially the largest known abelisaurid |  |
| Pyroraptor[144] | - Ronan Allain - Philippe Taquet |
2000 | Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
France (  Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) |
Its holotype specimen was exposed by a forest fire |  |
| Qantassaurus[145] | - Thomas H. Rich - Patricia Vickers-Rich |
1999 | Strzelecki Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
 Australia(  Victoria) |
Distinguished from other contemporary ornithopods by its relatively short dentary |  |
| Qianjiangsaurus[146] | - Hui Dai - Qingyu Ma - Can Xiong - Yu Lin - Hui Zeng - Chao Tan - Jun Wang - Yuguang Zhang - Hai Xing |
2025 | Zhengyang Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
China (Chongqing) |
This taxon and Nanningosaurus are the only known hadrosauroids from southern China |  |
| Qianlong[147] | - Fenglu Han - Yilun Yu - Shukang Zhang - Rong Zeng - Xinjin Wang - Huiyang Cai - Tianzhuang Wu - Yingfeng Wen - Sifu Cai - Chun Li - Rui Wu - Qi Zhao - Xing Xu |
2024 | Ziliujing Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Toarcian) |
China (Guizhou) |
Associated with fossils of leathery eggs, the oldest of their kind in the world |  |
| Qianzhousaurus[148] | - Junchang Lü - Laiping Yi - Stephen L. Brusatte - Ling Yang - Hua Li - Liu Chen |
2014 | Nanxiong Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Jiangxi) |
Has been nicknamed "Pinocchio rex" on account of its elongated snout |  |
| Qiaowanlong[149] | - Hailu You - Daqing Li |
2009 | Xiagou Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Gansu) |
Originally described as a brachiosaurid, but has since been reinterpreted as a euhelopodid |  |
| Qijianglong[150] | - Lida Xing - Tetsuto Miyashita - Jianping Zhang - Daqing Li - Yong Ye - Toru Sekiya - Fengping Wang - Philip J. Currie |
2015 | Suining Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian) |
China (Sichuan) |
Has sometimes been considered to date from the Early Cretaceous | |
| Qiliania[151] | - Shu-An Ji - Jessie Atterholt - Jingmai K. O'Connor - Matthew C. Lamanna - Jerald D. Harris - Daqing Li - Hailu You - Peter Dodson |
2011 | Xiagou Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Gansu) |
The specific name, Q. graffini, is named after Greg Graffin from the band Bad Religion |  |
| Qinglongopterus[152] | - Junchang Lü - David M. Unwin - Bo Zhao - Chunling Gao - Caizhi Shen |
2012 | Tiaojishan Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
China (Hebei) |
Similar to Rhamphorhynchus but with a smaller head and shorter wings |  |
| Qingxiusaurus[153] | - Jinyou Mo - Chaolin Huang - Zhongru Zhao - Wei Wang - Xing Xu |
2008 | Nalong Basin (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Guangxi) |
Known from very limited remains | |
| Qinlingosaurus[154] | - Xingxu Xue - Yunxiang Zhang - Xianwu Bi |
1996 | Hongtuling Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Shaanxi) |
Similarities have been noted with titanosaurs, but its inclusion in this clade cannot be confirmed |  |
| Qinornis[155] | - Xiangxu Xue | 1995 | Fangou Formation (Paleocene, Danian) |
China (Shaanxi) |
Potentially the first non-crown group bird to be recognized in the Paleogene, hence its inclusion in this otherwise Mesozoic list | |
| Qiupalong[156] | - Li Xu - Yoshitsugu Kobayashi - Junchang Lü - Yuong-Nam Lee - Yongqing Liu - Kohei Tanaka - Xingliao Zhang - Songhai Jia - Jiming Zhang |
2011 | Qiupa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Henan) |
Referred specimens were found in Canada and Russia, making it one of the few Late Cretaceous non-avian dinosaur taxa known from both Asia and Laramidia |  |
| Qiupanykus[157] | - Junchang Lü - Li Xu - Huali Chang - Songhai Jia - Jiming Zhang Diansong Gao - Yiyang Zhang - Chengjun Zhang - Fang Ding |
2018 | Qiupa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Henan) |
May have used its robust thumb claws to crack open oviraptorid eggshells | |
| Quaesitosaurus[158] | - Sergei M. Kurzanov - Alexander F. Bannikov |
1983 | Baruungoyot Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Potentially a close relative of Nemegtosaurus |  |
| Quetecsaurus[159] | - Bernardo J. González Riga - Leonardo D. Ortíz David |
2014 | Lisandro Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian) |
Argentina (  Mendoza) |
Its humerus has a unique shape |  |
| Quetzalcoatlus[160] | - Douglas A. Lawson | 1975 | Javelina Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
United States ( Texas) |
The first gigantic azhdarchid discovered |  |
| Quilmesaurus[161] | - Rodolfo A. Coria | 2001 | Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( Río Negro) |
Had proportionally robust legs despite its small size |  |
| Qunkasaura[162] | - Pedro Mocho - Fernando Escaso - Fátima Marcos-Fernández - Adrián Páramo - José Luis Sanz - Daniel Vidal - Francisco Ortega |
2024 | Villalba de la Sierra Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
Spain ( Castilla-La Mancha) |
May have been closely related to Abditosaurus |  |
| Radiodactylus[163] | - Brian Andres - Timothy S. Myers |
2012 | Glen Rose Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
United States ( Texas) |
Found during the construction of a spillway for a nuclear power plant | |
| Raeticodactylus[164] | - Rico Stecher | 2008 | Kössen Formation (Late Triassic, Rhaetian) |
Switzerland (  Grisons) |
Possibly a junior synonym of Caviramus |  |
| Rahiolisaurus[165] | - Fernando Emilio Novas - Sankar Chatterjee - Dhiraj K. Rudra - P. M. Datta |
2010 | Lameta Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
India (Gujarat) |
Remains of multiple growth stages are known |  |
| Rahonavis[166] | - Catherine A. Forster - Scott D. Sampson - Luis M. Chiappe - David W. Krause |
1998 | Maevarano Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
 Madagascar(Boeny) |
Has been variously suggested to be a dromaeosaurid (possibly an unenlagiine), an avialan, or outside both groups |  |
| Rajasaurus[167] | - Jeffrey A. Wilson - Paul C. Sereno - Suresh Srivastava - Devendra K. Bhatt - Ashu Khosla - Ashok Sahni |
2003 | Lameta Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
India (Gujarat) |
Possessed a single, short horn on its forehead that may have been used for display and head-butting |  |
| Rapator[90] | - Friedrich von Huene | 1932 | Griman Creek Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, Albian to Cenomanian) |
Australia (  New South Wales) |
Known from only a metacarpal |  |
| Rapaxavis[168] | - Eric M. Morschhauser - David J. Varricchio - Chuling Gao - Jinyuan Liu - Xuri Wang - Xiadong Cheng - Qingjin Meng |
2009 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Specialized for perching due to the structure of its feet |  |
| Rapetosaurus[169] | - Kristina Curry Rogers - Catherine A. Forster |
2001 | Maevarano Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Madagascar (Boeny) |
Known from almost the entire skeleton, including the skull |  |
| Raptorex[170] | - Paul C. Sereno - Lin Tan - Stephen L. Brusatte - Henry J. Kriegstein - Xijin Zhao - Karen Cloward |
2009 | Nemegt Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Described as a small adult tyrannosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China, but restudy of the sediments it was buried in suggested it was from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia instead |  |
| Ratchasimasaurus[171] | - Masateru Shibata - Pratueng Jintasakul - Yoichi Azuma |
2011 | Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) |
Only known from a single toothless dentary |  |
| Rativates[172] | - Bradley McFeeters - Michael J. Ryan - Claudia Schröder-Adams - Thomas M. Cullen |
2016 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Originally described as a specimen of Struthiomimus |  |
| Rayososaurus[173] | - José F. Bonaparte | 1996 | Candeleros Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Very similar to Rebbachisaurus despite being only known from scant remains |  |
| Rebbachisaurus[174] | - René J. M. Lavocat | 1954 | Aoufous Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) |
Carried a row of elongated neural spines, which would have supported a ridge or low sail on its back |  |
| Regaliceratops[175] | - Caleb M. Brown - Donald M. Henderson |
2015 | St. Mary River Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Possessed a series of large, pentagonal plates lining its frill |  |
| Regnosaurus[176] | - Gideon A. Mantell | 1848 | Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian) |
England ( West Sussex) |
Potentially a stegosaur similar to Huayangosaurus |  |
| Rhabdodon[177] | - Philippe Matheron | 1869 | Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
France (  Occitania) |
Although most rhabdodontids are insular dwarfs, this genus may represent an instance of island gigantism as it is much larger than other members of its family |  |
| Rhadinosaurus[178] | - Harry G. Seeley | 1881 | Grünbach Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
 Austria(  Lower Austria) |
Suggested to be synonymous with Struthiosaurus, but it might have been a crocodilian instead | |
| Rhamphinion[179] | - Kevin Padian | 1984 | Kayenta Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Toarcian) |
United States (  Arizona) |
Has been noted to be similar to Dimorphodon | |
| Rhamphorhynchus[180] | - Hermann von Meyer | 1846 | Altmühltal Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)* Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) Nusplingen Limestone (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) Torleite Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) |
England ( Dorset) Germany( Baden-Württemberg) Bavaria*) |
The first long-tailed pterosaur ever discovered |  |
| Rhinorex[181] | - Terry A. Gates - Rodney Scheetz |
2014 | Neslen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Utah) |
Phylogenetic analysis shows that it may fall within Gryposaurus |  |
| Rhoetosaurus[182] | - Heber A. Longman | 1926 | Walloon Coal Measures (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
Australia (  Queensland) |
Retains four claws on its hind feet, a basal trait |  |
| Rhomaleopakhus[183] | - Paul Upchurch - Philip D. Mannion - Xing Xu - Paul M. Barrett |
2021 | Kalaza Formation (Late Jurassic, Xinjiang) |
China (Xinjiang) |
Possessed a robust forelimb that may be a locomotory adaptation |  |
| Riabininohadros[184] | - Alexey V. Lopatin - Alexander O. Averianov |
2020 | Unnamed Crimean formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Russia Ukraine(  Crimea) |
Possessed a femur so unique it has no morphological equivalents across all of Iguanodontia |  |
| Richardoestesia[185] | - Philip J. Currie - John Keith Rigby Jr. - Robert E. Sloan |
1990 | Aguja Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* |
Canada ( Alberta*) United States( Texas) |
Teeth assigned to this genus have been recovered all around the world, in deposits spanning from the Jurassic to the Cretaceous, although they may not represent a single taxon |  |
| Rinchenia[186] | - Rinchen Barsbold | 1997 | Nemegt Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Had a tall, domed crest |  |
| Rinconsaurus[187] | - Jorge O. Calvo - Bernardo J. González Riga |
2003 | Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Unusually, its caudal vertebrae had a repeating pattern of procoely, amphicoely, opisthocoely, and biconvex states |  |
| Riojasaurus[188] | - José F. Bonaparte | 1969 | Los Colorados Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) |
Argentina ( La Rioja) |
Although commonly depicted as quadrupedal, the structure of its shoulder girdle suggests it may have potentially been bipedal |  |
| Riojavenatrix[189] | - Erik Isasmendi - Elena Cuesta - Ignacio Díaz-Martínez - Julio Company - Patxi Sáez-Benito - Luis I. Viera - Angelica Torices - Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola |
2024 | Enciso Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) |
Spain ( La Rioja) |
Originally identified as a specimen of Baryonyx |  |
| Riparovenator[190] | - Chris T. Barker - David W. E. Hone - Darren Naish - Andrea Cau - Jeremy A. F. Lockwood - Brian Foster - Claire E. Clarkin - Philipp Schneider - Neil J. Gostling |
2021 | Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
England ( Isle of Wight) |
Had elongated spines projecting from its caudal vertebrae somewhat similar to those of Spinosaurus |  |
| Rocasaurus[191] | - Leonardo Salgado - Claudia Azpilicueta |
2000 | Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( Río Negro) |
Small for a sauropod yet was very robust |  |
| Ruehleia[192] | - Peter M. Galton | 2001 | Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian to Rhaetian) |
Germany (  Thuringia) |
Known from a single, nearly complete skeleton |  |
| Rugocaudia[193] | - D. Cary Woodruff | 2012 | Cloverly Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Some of this genus' remains include several caudal vertebrae |  |
| Rugops[194] | - Paul C. Sereno - Jeffrey A. Wilson - Jack L. Conrad |
2004 | Echkar Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, Albian to Cenomanian) |
 Niger(Agadez) |
Preserves two rows of holes on the top of its skull, which may have anchored a display structure or an armor-like dermis |  |
| Ruixinia[195] | - Jinyou Mo - Feimin Ma - Yilun Yu - Xing Xu |
2023 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Its last few caudal vertebrae were fused into a rod-like structure | |
| Rukwatitan[196] | - Eric Gorscak - Patrick M. O'Connor - Nancy J. Stevens - Eric M. Roberts |
2014 | Galula Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
 Tanzania(Songwe) |
One of the few titanosaurs known from central Africa, filling in a gap in their evolutionary history |  |
| Ruyangosaurus[197] | - Junchang Lü - Li Xu - Songhai Jia - Xingliao Zhang - Jiming Zhang - Lili Yang - Hailu You - Qiang Ji |
2009 | Haoling Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
China (Henan) |
Only known from scant remains but it was one of the largest dinosaurs known from Asia |  |
| Sacisaurus[198] | - Jorge Ferigolo - Max C. Langer |
2007 | Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) |
Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul) |
Only one left femur was found in a bonebed despite the presence of thirty-five right ones |  |
| Sahaliyania[199] | - Pascal Godefroit - Shulin Hai - Tingxiang Yu - Pascaline Lauters |
2008 | Yuliangze Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Heilongjiang) |
Possibly a synonym of Amurosaurus |  |
| Saichania[200] | - Teresa Maryańska | 1977 | Baruungoyot Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Possessed complicated nasal passages that may have cooled the air it breathed |  |
| Saltasaurus[201] | - José F. Bonaparte - Jaime E. Powell |
1980 | Lecho Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Argentina (  Salta) |
Possessed osteoderms in the form of large round nodules connected by a mass of smaller plates |  |
| Saltopus[202] | - Friedrich von Huene | 1910 | Lossiemouth Sandstone (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian) |
 Scotland(Moray) |
Has been variously identified as a basal dinosaur or just outside the group |  |
| Saltriovenator[203] | - Cristiano Dal Sasso - Simone Maganuco - Andrea Cau |
2018 | Moltrasio Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian) |
Italy ( Lombardy) |
The biggest theropod from the Early Jurassic yet known |  |
| Samrukia[204] | - Darren Naish - Gareth Dyke - Andrea Cau - François Escuillié - Pascal Godefroit |
2012 | Bostobe Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Campanian) |
Kazakhstan (Kyzylorda) |
Originally described as a giant bird but was quickly reinterpreted as a pterosaur |  |
| Sanjuansaurus[205] | - Oscar A. Alcober - Ricardo N. Martínez |
2010 | Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian) |
Argentina ( San Juan) |
Coexisted with Herrerasaurus but most likely represents a separate taxon |  |
| Sanpasaurus[206] | - Zhongjian Yang | 1944 | Ziliujing Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Toarcian) |
China (Sichuan) |
Historically conflated with the remains of an ornithischian |  |
| Santanadactylus[207] | - Paul H. de Buisonjé | 1980 | Romualdo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
Brazil (  Ceará) |
Several species have been assigned to this genus, but it is unclear if they were all related |  |
| Santanaraptor[208] | - Alexander W. A. Kellner | 1999 | Romualdo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
Brazil ( Ceará) |
Preserves soft tissues including the remains of skin, muscle, and possibly blood vessels |  |
| Sanxiasaurus[209] | - Ning Li - Hui Dai - Chao Tan - Xufeng Hu - Zhaoying Wei - Yu Lin - Guangbiao Wei - Deliang Li - Li Meng - Baoqiao Hao - Hailu You - Guangzhao Peng |
2021 | Xintiangou Formation (Early Jurassic to Middle Jurassic, Toarcian to Aalenian) |
China (Chongqing) |
One of the oldest neornithischians known from Asia |  |
| Sapeornis[210] | - Zhonghe Zhou - Fucheng Zhang |
2002 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian)* Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
A large primitive bird that may have been adapted for soaring in open environments | |
| Sarahsaurus[211] | - Timothy B. Rowe - Hans-Dieter Sues - Robert R. Reisz |
2011 | Kayenta Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Toarcian) |
United States ( Arizona) |
Possessed strong hands which may indicate a feeding specialization |  |
| Sarcolestes[212] | - Richard Lydekker | 1893 | Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) |
England (  Cambridgeshire) |
Originally misidentified as a carnivorous dinosaur |  |
| Sarcosaurus[213] | - Charles W. Andrews | 1921 | Scunthorpe Mudstone (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Sinemurian) |
England (  Leicestershire) |
Has been variously suggested to be in different positions at the base of Neotheropoda |  |
| Sarmientosaurus[214] | - Rubén D. F. Martínez - Matthew C. Lamanna - Fernardo E. Novas - Ryan C. Ridgely - Gabriel A. Casal - Javier E. Martínez - Javier R. Vita - Lawrence M. Witmer |
2016 | Bajo Barreal Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian) |
Argentina ( Chubut) |
Analysis of its inner ear suggests it held its head downwards, possibly indicating a preference for low-growing plants |  |
| Sasayamagnomus[215] | - Tomonori Tanaka - Kentaro Chiba - Tadahiro Ikeda - Michael J. Ryan |
2024 | Ohyamashimo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
Japan (  Hyōgo) |
At least two individuals are known as indicated by the presence of two right nasal bones among the fossil material |  |
| Saturnalia[216] | - Max C. Langer - Fernando Abdala - Martha Richter - Michael J. Benton |
1999 | Candelária Sequence (Late Triassic, Carnian) |
Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul) |
Known from at least three partial skeletons |  |
| Saurolophus[217] | - Barnum Brown | 1912 | Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)* Nemegt Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Canada ( Alberta*) Mongolia( Ömnögovi) |
Had a short, solid crest whose direction varied between species |  |
| Sauroniops[218] | - Andrea Cau - Fabio M. Dalla Vecchia - Matteo Fabbri |
2013 | Gara Sbaa Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) |
Only known from a single thickened frontal |  |
| Sauropelta[219] | - John H. Ostrom | 1970 | Cloverly Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
United States ( Montana* Wyoming) |
Its tail had at least forty vertebrae, making up half of its total body length |  |
| Saurophaganax[220] | - Daniel J. Chure | 1995 | Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) |
United States (  Oklahoma) |
Originally described as a large theropod, it was later suggested to be a chimera of sauropod and theropod bones, with the holotype bone possibly belonging to a sauropod | .png) |
| Sauroplites[60] | - Birger Bohlin | 1953 | Zhidan Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) |
China (Gansu) |
Preserved lying on its back with parts of its armor in an articulated position | |
| Sauroposeidon[221] | - Mathew J. Wedel - Richard L. Cifelli - Richard K. Sanders |
2000 | Antlers Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) Cloverly Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) Glen Rose Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian) Twin Mountains Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
United States ( Oklahoma* Texas Wyoming) |
Could raise its head up to the height of a six-story building |  |
| Saurornithoides[222] | - Henry F. Osborn | 1924 | Djadokhta Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Its hindlimbs were well-developed even as juveniles, suggesting it needed little to no parental care |  |
| Saurornitholestes[223] | - Hans-Dieter Sues | 1978 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* Donoho Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Kirtland Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Oldman Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Tar Heel/Coachman Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta*) United States( New Mexico South Carolina) |
One of the best-known North American dromaeosaurids |  |
| Savannasaurus[224] | - Stephen F. Poropat - Philip D. Mannion - Paul Upchurch - Scott A. Hocknull - Benjamin P. Kear - Martin Kundrát - Travis R. Tischler - Trish Sloan - George H. K. Sinapius - Judy A. Elliott - David A. Elliott |
2016 | Winton Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian) |
Australia ( Queensland) |
May have spent more time near water than other sauropods |  |
| Sazavis[225] | - Lev A. Nessov - Alexander A. Yarkov |
1989 | Bissekty Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian) |
Uzbekistan (Navoiy) |
Known only from a tibiotarsus |  |
| Scansoriopteryx[226] | - Stephen A. Czerkas - Chongxi Yuan |
2002 | Haifanggou Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Was well-adapted for climbing due to the structure of its hands and feet |  |
| Scaphognathus[227] | - Johann A. Wagner | 1861 | Altmühltal Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)* Mörnsheim Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian) |
Germany ( Bavaria) |
Feather impressions were discovered in the 19th century, but their presence was not confirmed until the development of modern imaging techniques |  |
| Scelidosaurus[228] | - Richard Owen | 1859 | Charmouth Mudstone Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Pliensbachian) |
England ( Dorset) |
Carried hundreds of small osteoderms in several rows along its back |  |
| Schizooura[229] | - Shuang Zhou - Zhonghe Zhou - Jingmai K. O'Connor |
2012 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Had a forked tail fan with a notch separating the tail feathers on both sides of the body | |
| Schleitheimia[230] | - Oliver W. M. Rauhut - Femke M. Holwerda - Heinz Furrer |
2020 | Klettgau Formation (Late Triassic, Carnian to Rhaetian) |
Switzerland (  Schaffhausen) |
Possessed a relatively enlarged ilium | |
| Scipionyx[231] | - Cristiano Dal Sasso - Marco Signore |
1998 | Pietraroja Plattenkalk (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
Italy (  Campania) |
So well preserved that several internal organs and their positions in life could be accurately reconstructed |  |
| Sciurumimus[232] | - Oliver W. M. Rauhut - Christian Foth - Helmut Tischlinger - Mark A. Norell |
2012 | Torleite Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) |
Germany ( Bavaria) |
Had a bushy tail similar to that of a squirrel |  |
| Scleromochlus[233] | - Arthur S. Woodward | 1907 | Lossiemouth Sandstone (Late Triassic, Carnian to Norian) |
Scotland (Moray) |
Possibly the most primitive known relative of pterosaurs |  |
| Scolosaurus[234] | - Franz Nopcsa | 1928 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* Oldman Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Once widely believed to be synonymous with other Campanian ankylosaurids |  |
| Scutellosaurus[235] | - Edwin H. Colbert | 1981 | Kayenta Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Toarcian) |
United States ( Arizona) |
Had hundreds of osteoderms arranged in rows along its back and tail |  |
| Seazzadactylus[236] | - Fabio M. Dalla Vecchia | 2019 | Forni Dolostone (Late Triassic, Norian) |
Italy ( Friuli-Venezia Giulia) |
Had multicusped dentition, rare among early pterosaurs |  |
| Secernosaurus[237] | - Michael K. Brett-Surman | 1979 | Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( Chubut) |
Would have lived in an arid gypsum desert |  |
| Sefapanosaurus[238] | - Alejandro Otero - Emil Krupandan - Diego Pol - Anusuya Chinsamy - Jonah N. Choiniere |
2015 | Upper Elliot Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Pliensbachian) |
South Africa ( Free State) |
Had a distinctive cross-shaped astragalus | |
| Segisaurus[239] | - Charles L. Camp | 1936 | Navajo Sandstone (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Sinemurian) |
United States ( Arizona) |
Preserves evidence of a wishbone similar to that of modern birds |  |
| Segnosaurus[240] | - Altangerel Perle | 1979 | Bayanshiree Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Coniacian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
One of the first known therizinosaurs, originally of obscure relationships |  |
| Seitaad[241] | - Joseph J. W. Sertich - Mark A. Loewen |
2010 | Navajo Sandstone (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Sinemurian) |
United States ( Utah) |
The holotype may have died when a sand dune collapsed on it |  |
| Sektensaurus[242] | - Lucio M. Ibiricu - Gabriel A. Casal - Rubén D. Martínez - Marcelo Luna - Juan I. Canale - Bruno N. Álvarez - Bernardo J. González Riga |
2019 | Lago Colhué Huapí Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( Chubut) |
The first non-hadrosaurid ornithopod recovered from central Patagonia | |
| Serendipaceratops[243] | - Thomas H. Rich - Patricia Vickers-Rich |
2003 | Strzelecki Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
Australia ( Victoria) |
Possessed a robust ulna similar to that of ceratopsians and ankylosaurs, but was likely a member of the latter group | |
| Sericipterus[244] | - Brian Andres - James M. Clark - Xing Xu |
2010 | Shishugou Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Oxfordian) |
China (Xinjiang) |
Had sharply pointed, recurved teeth |  |
| Serikornis[245] | - Ulysse Lefèvre - Andrea Cau - Aude Cincotta - Dongyu Hu - Anusuya Chinsamy - François Escuillié - Pascal Godefroit |
2017 | Tiaojishan Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Possessed simple, wispy feathers similar to those of a Silkie chicken |  |
| Serradraco[246] | - Stanislas Rigal - David M. Martill - Steven C. Sweetman |
2018 | Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian) |
England (  East Sussex) |
Has been considered a species of Lonchodectes |  |
| Shamosaurus[247] | - Tatyana A. Tumanova | 1983 | Dzunbain Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
Mongolia ( Dornogovi) |
The osteoderms on its head were not separated into obvious tiles as with later ankylosaurids | |
| Shanag[248] | - Alan H. Turner - Sunny H. Hwang - Mark A. Norell |
2007 | Öösh Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Barremian) |
Mongolia ( Övörkhangai) |
Shows a mixture of traits of various paravian groups |  |
| Shangyang[249] | - Min Wang - Zhonghe Zhou |
2019 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Unusually, the premaxillae of this genus were fused |  |
| Shantungosaurus[250] | - Chengzhi Hu | 1973 | Wangshi Group (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
China (Shandong) |
The largest known hadrosaurid |  |
| Shanweiniao[251] | - Jingmai K. O'Connor - Xuri Wang - Luis M. Chiappe - Chunling Gao - Qingjin Meng - Xiaodong Cheng - Jinyuan Liu |
2009 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Acquired multiple tail feathers which may have been capable of generating lift as in modern birds |  |
| Shanxia[252] | - Paul M. Barrett - Hailu You - Paul Upchurch - Alex C. Burton |
1998 | Huiquanpu Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
China (Shanxi) |
May be synonymous with Tianzhenosaurus and/or Saichania | |
| Shanyangosaurus[154] | - Xingxu Xue - Yunxiang Zhang - Xianwu Bi |
1996 | Shanyang Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Shaanxi) |
Indeterminate but its hollow bones are a synapomorphy for the Coelurosauria | |
| Shaochilong[253] | - Stephen L. Brusatte - Roger B.J. Benson - Daniel J. Chure - Xing Xu - Corwin Sullivan - David W. E. Hone |
2009 | Miaogou Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Originally interpreted as a carcharodontosaurid, but more recent analyses recover it as a potential tyrannosauroid |  |
| Shengjingornis[254] | - Li Li - Jinqi Wang - Xi Zhang - Shilin Hou |
2012 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
A large longipterygid |  |
| Shenqiornis[255] | - Xuri Wang - Jingmai K. O'Connor - Bo Zhao - Luis M. Chiappe - Chunling Gao - Xiaodong Cheng |
2010 | Huajiying Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian) |
China (Hebei) |
Preserves a large postorbital bone | |
| Shenzhoupterus[256] | - Junchang Lü - David M. Unwin - Xu Li - Xingliao Zhang |
2008 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Had a crest that stretched from over the eyes to the back of the head |  |
| Shenzhousaurus[257] | - Qiang Ji - Mark A. Norell - Peter Juraj Makovicky - Ke-Qin Gao - Shu-An Ji - Chongxi Yuan |
2003 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Preserves pebbles in its thoracic cavity which may be gastroliths |  |
| Shidaisaurus[258] | - Xiao-Chun Wu - Philip J. Currie - Zhiming Dong - Shigang Pan - Tao Wang |
2009 | Chuanjie Formation (Middle Jurassic, Aalenian to Bajocian) |
China (Yunnan) |
Potentially one of the oldest known allosauroids |  |
| Shingopana[259] | - Eric Gorscak - Patrick M. O'Connor - Eric M. Roberts - Nancy J. Stevens |
2017 | Galula Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Tanzania (Songwe) |
Most closely related to South American titanosaurs | |
| Shishugounykus[260] | - Zichuan Qin - James M. Clark - Jonah N. Choiniere - Xing Xu |
2019 | Shishugou Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Oxfordian) |
China (Xinjiang) |
Its manus combines features of both alvarezsaurians and more basal coelurosaurs |  |
| Shixinggia[261] | - Junchang Lü - Baokun Zhang |
2005 | Pingling Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
China (Guangdong) |
Known from a fair amount of postcranial material |  |
| Shri[262] | - Alan H. Turner - Shaena Montanari - Mark A. Norell |
2021 | Baruungoyot Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)* Djadokhta Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Before its formal description, the type species was nicknamed "Ichabodcraniosaurus" because its holotype lacked a skull |  |
| Shuangbaisaurus[263] | - Guofu Wang - Hai-Lu You - Shigang Pan - Tao Wang |
2017 | Fengjiahe Formation (Early Jurassic, Pliensbachian) |
China (Yunnan) |
May be an individual variation of Sinosaurus | |
| Shuangmiaosaurus[264] | - Hailu You - Qiang Ji - Jinglu Li - Yinxian Li |
2003 | Sunjiawan Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Only known from some parts of a skull | |
| Shuilingornis[265] | - Xuri Wang - Andrea Cau - Yinuo Wang - Martin Kundrát - Guili Zhang - Yichuan Liu - Luis M. Chiappe |
2025 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
One of the oldest birds with semi-aquatic adaptations |  |
| Shunosaurus[266] | - Zhiming Dong - Shiwu Zhou - Yihong Zhang |
1983 | Xiashaximiao Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Bathonian to Oxfordian) |
China (Sichuan) |
Possessed a small tail club topped by two short spikes |  |
| Shuvuuia[267] | - Luis M. Chiappe - Mark A. Norell - James M. Clark |
1998 | Djadokhta Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Has been claimed to display several adaptations that point to a nocturnal, owl-like lifestyle |  |
| Siamodon[268] | - Eric Buffetaut - Varavudh Suteethorn |
2011 | Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) |
May have been closely related to Probactrosaurus |  |
| Siamosaurus[269] | - Eric Buffetaut - Rucha Ingavat |
1986 | Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian to Hauterivian) |
Thailand (Khon Kaen) |
Only known from teeth, but spinosaurid postcrania from the same area may be referrable to this genus |  |
| Siamotyrannus[270] | - Eric Buffetaut - Varavudh Suteethorn - Haiyan Tong |
1996 | Sao Khua Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian to Hauterivian) |
Thailand (Khon Kaen) |
Has been recovered in a variety of positions within Avetheropoda |  |
| Siamraptor[271] | - Duangsuda Chokchaloemwong - Soki Hattori - Elena Cuesta - Pratueng Jintasakul - Masateru Shibata - Yoichi Azuma |
2019 | Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) |
Possibly the first carcharodontosaurian known from Southeast Asia | .jpg) |
| Siats[272] | - Lindsay E. Zanno - Peter J. Makovicky |
2013 | Cedar Mountain Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, Albian to Cenomanian) |
United States ( Utah) |
Large but inconsistent in phylogenetic placement |  |
| Sibirotitan[273] | - Alexander O. Averianov - Stepan Ivantsov - Pavel P. Skutschas - Alexey Faingertz - Sergey Leshchinsky |
2018 | Ilek Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) |
Russia ( Kemerovo Oblast) |
Its sacral ribs are star-shaped in dorsal view |  |
| Sidersaura[274] | - Lucas N. Lerzo - Pablo A. Gallina - Juan I. Canale - Alejandro Otero - José L. Carballido - Sebastián Apesteguía - Peter J. Makovicky |
2025 | Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
One of the largest known rebbachisaurids |  |
| Sierraceratops[275] | - Sebastian G. Dalman - Spencer G. Lucas - Steven E. Jasinski - Nicholas R. Longrich |
2022 | Hall Lake Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian) |
United States ( New Mexico) |
May be part of a unique clade of chasmosaurine ceratopsids only known from southern Laramidia |  |
| Sigilmassasaurus[276] | - Dale A. Russell | 1996 | Kem Kem Group (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) |
Contemporary with Spinosaurus, but its status as a distinct genus and/or species is uncertain |  |
| Silesaurus[277] | - Jerzy Dzik | 2003 | Drawno Beds (Late Triassic, Carnian) |
 Poland(  Opole) |
Has been considered an omnivore due to the herbivorous adaptations in its beak and referred coprolites showing insects |  |
| Siluosaurus[278] | - Zhiming Dong | 1997 | Xinminbao Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) |
China (Gansu) |
Has been suggested to be an indeterminate member of the Cerapoda | |
| Silutitan[279] | - Xiaolin Wang - Kamila L. N. Bandeira - Rui Qiu - Shunxing Jiang - Xin Cheng - Yingxia Ma - Alexander W. A. Kellner |
2021 | Shengjinkou Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian) |
China (Xinjiang) |
Known from six cervical vertebrae associated with a pterosaur jaw |  |
| Silvisaurus[280] | - Theodore H. Eaton Jr. | 1960 | Dakota Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, Albian to Cenomanian) |
United States ( Kansas) |
Hypothesized to live in a forested habitat |  |
| Similicaudipteryx[281] | - Tao He - Xiaolin Wang - Zhonghe Zhou |
2008 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Had a short tail ending with a dagger-shaped pygostyle |  |
| Similiyanornis[282] | - Min Wang - Zhiheng Li - Qingguo Liu - Zhonghe Zhou |
2020 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Known from a complete skeleton with feather impressions | |
| Simurghia[283] | - Nicholas R. Longrich - David M. Martill - Brian Andres |
2018 | Couche III (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Morocco (Béni Mellal-Khénifra) |
May include a species from Brazil |  |
| Sinankylosaurus[284] | - Kebai Wang - Yanxia Zhang - Jun Chen - Shuqing Chen - Peiye Wang |
2020 | Wangshi Group (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
China (Shandong) |
Described as an ankylosaur but a recent study doubts this interpretation | |
| Sinocalliopteryx[285] | - Shu-An Ji - Qiang Ji - Junchang Lü - Chongxi Yuan |
2007 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Stomach contents indicate a possible preference for volant prey such as dromaeosaurids and early birds |  |
| Sinocephale[286] | - David C. Evans - Caleb M. Brown - Hailu You - Nicolás E. Campione |
2021 | Ulansuhai Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Originally named as a species of Troodon when that genus was thought to be a pachycephalosaur | |
| Sinoceratops[287] | - Xing Xu - Kebai Wang - Xijin Zhao - Dunjing Li |
2010 | Wangshi Group (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
China (Shandong) |
Possessed forward-curving hornlets and a series of low knobs on the top of the frill |  |
| Sinocoelurus[288] | - Zhongjian Yang | 1942 | Kuangyuan Series (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian to Tithonian) |
China (Sichuan) |
One study considered it to be a potential plesiosaur |  |
| Sinomacrops[289] | - Xuefang Wei - Rodrigo V. Pêgas - Caizhi Shen - Yanfang Guo - Waisum Ma - Deyu Sun - Xuanyu Zhou |
2021 | Tiaojishan Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian) |
China (Hebei) |
Preserves some parts of the wing membrane |  |
| Sinopterus[290] | - Xiaolin Wang - Zhonghe Zhou |
2003 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Direct dietary evidence shows that this genus was herbivorous |  |
| Sinornis[291] | - Paul C. Sereno - Chenggang Rao |
1992 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
One of the first Jehol biota enantiornitheans described |  |
| Sinornithoides[292] | - Dale A. Russell - Zhiming Dong |
1993 | Ejinhoro Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Preserved in a roosting position, with its head tucked underneath its left wing |  |
| Sinornithomimus[293] | - Yoshitsugu Kobayashi - Junchang Lü |
2003 | Ulansuhai Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
Formed age-segregated herds as evidenced by a concentration of juvenile skeletons |  |
| Sinornithosaurus[294] | - Xing Xu - Xiaolin Wang - Xiaochun Wu |
1999 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
One specimen has grooved teeth, suggesting it was venomous |  |
| Sinosauropteryx[295] | - Qiang Ji - Shu-An Ji |
1996 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
The first non-avian dinosaur found with direct evidence of feathers |  |
| Sinosaurus[296] | - Zhongjian Yang | 1940 | Lufeng Formation (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Sinemurian) |
China (Yunnan) |
Had a pair of midline crests similar to Dilophosaurus |  |
| Sinotyrannus[297] | - Qiang Ji - Shu-An Ji - Lijun Zhang |
2009 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Usually seen as a large proceratosaurid, but one study suggests it may represent a fully grown stage of the slightly older Huaxiagnathus |  |
| Sinovenator[298] | - Xing Xu - Mark A. Norell - Xiaolin Wang - Peter J. Makovicky - Xiaochun Wu |
2002 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Some specimens are preserved three-dimensionally | .png) |
| Sinraptor[299] | - Philip J. Currie - Xijin Zhao |
1993 | Shishugou Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Oxfordian) |
China (Xinjiang) |
May have used its teeth like blades to inflict deep wounds in prey |  |
| Sinusonasus[300] | - Xing Xu - Xiaolin Wang |
2004 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
Had distinctive sinusoid nasal bones |  |
| Sirindhorna[301] | - Masateru Shibata - Pratueng Jintasakul - Yoichi Azuma - Hailu You |
2015 | Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) |
Its fossils were discovered by corn farmers while digging a reservoir |  |
| Siroccopteryx[302] | - Bryn J. Mader - Alexander W. A. Kellner |
1999 | Kem Kem Group (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) |
Has been considered a synonym of Coloborhynchus |  |
| Skiphosoura[303] | - David W. E. Hone - Adam Fitch - Stefan Selzer - René Lauer - Bruce Lauer |
2024 | Mörnsheim Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian) |
Germany ( Bavaria) |
Fills a morphological and phylogenetic gap between basal and derived monofenestratans | |
| Skorpiovenator[304] | - Juan I. Canale - Carlos A. Scanferla - Federico L. Agnolín - Fernando E. Novas |
2009 | Huincul Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Turonian) |
Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Had an unusually short, deep skull |  |
| Smitanosaurus[305] | - John A. Whitlock - Jeffrey A. Wilson Mantilla |
2020 | Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Tithonian) |
United States ( Colorado) |
Only known from a partial skull and some vertebrae |  |
| Songlingornis[306] | - Lianhai Hou | 1997 | Jiufotang Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Liaoning) |
May or may not be a close relative of Yanornis | |
| Sonidosaurus[307] | - Xing Xu - Xiaohong Zhang - Qingwei Tan - Xijin Zhao - Lin Tan |
2006 | Iren Dabasu Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Maastrichtian) |
China (Inner Mongolia) |
One of the smallest known titanosaurs |  |
| Sonorasaurus[308] | - Ron Ratkevich | 1998 | Turney Ranch Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, Albian to Cenomanian) |
United States ( Arizona) |
State dinosaur of Arizona |  |
| Sordes[309] | - Aleksandr G. Sharov | 1971 | Karabastau Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Kimmeridgian) |
Kazakhstan (Jambyl) |
Preserved with impressions of hair-like filaments |  |
| Soriatitan[310] | - Rafael Royo-Torres - Carolina Fuentes-Vidarte - Manuel Meijide - Federico Meijide-Fuentes - Manuel Meijide-Fuentes |
2017 | Golmayo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian) |
Spain (  Castile and León) |
The first confirmed brachiosaurid known from Early Cretaceous Europe |  |
| Soroavisaurus[311] | - Luis M. Chiappe | 1993 | Lecho Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Argentina ( Salta) |
A very close relative of Avisaurus |  |
| Soumyasaurus[312] | - Volkan Sarıgül - Federico L. Agnolín - Sankar Chatterjee |
2018 | Cooper Canyon Formation (Late Triassic, Norian) |
United States ( Texas) |
Known from only an extremely small, fragmentary dentary | |
| Spectrovenator[313] | - Hussam Zaher - Diego Pol - Bruno A. Navarro - Rafael Delcourt - Alberto B. Carvalho |
2020 | Quiricó Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
Brazil (  Minas Gerais) |
Its holotype was found underneath a sauropod skeleton |  |
| Sphaerotholus[314] | - Thomas E. Williamson - Thomas D. Carr |
2003 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Hell Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Kirtland Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* |
Canada ( Alberta) United States( Montana New Mexico*) |
Five species have been named, all known from skull elements |  |
| Spiclypeus[315] | - Jordan C. Mallon - Christopher J. Ott - Peter L. Larson - Edward M. Iuliano - David C. Evans |
2016 | Judith River Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Has been described as "boldly audacious" |  |
| Spicomellus[316] | - Susannah C.R. Maidment - Sarah J. Strachan - Driss Ouarhache - Torsten M. Scheyer - Emily E. Brown - Vincent Fernandez - Zerina Johanson - Thomas J. Raven - Paul M. Barrett |
2021 | El Mers III Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian to Callovian) |
Morocco (Fez-Meknes) |
Uniquely, its osteoderms were fused directly to its ribs |  |
| Spinophorosaurus[317] | - Kristian Remes - Francisco Ortega - Ignacio Fierro - Ulrich Joger - Ralf Kosma - José Manuel Marín Ferrer - Oumarou Amadou Ide - Abdoulaye Maga |
2009 | Irhazer Shale (Middle Jurassic, Bajocian to Bathonian) |
Niger (Agadez) |
Originally described as possessing a "thagomizer" similar to those of stegosaurs, but these turned out to be misidentified clavicles |  |
| Spinops[318] | - Andrew A. Farke - Michael J. Ryan - Paul M. Barrett - Darren H. Tanke - Dennis R. Braman - Mark A. Loewen - Mark R. Graham |
2011 | Oldman Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Described almost a century after its remains were collected |  |
| Spinosaurus[319] | - Ernst Stromer | 1915 | Bahariya Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)* Douira Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian) |
Egypt ( Giza*) Morocco(Drâa-Tafilalet) |
Possessed a myriad of features that have been suggested to be evidence of a semiaquatic lifestyle, including webbed feet and a paddle-like tail | .png) |
| Spinostropheus[194] | - Paul C. Sereno - Jeffrey A. Wilson - Jack L. Conrad |
2004 | Tiourarén Formation (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Bathonian to Oxfordian) |
Niger (Agadez) |
Although often considered a close relative of Elaphrosaurus, these inferences are based on a specimen that cannot actually be referred to this genus |  |
| Spondylosoma[320] | - Friedrich von Huene | 1942 | Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence (Late Triassic, Carnian) |
Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul) |
Originally believed to be a basal dinosaur but was more likely a primitive bird-line archosaur |  |
| Staurikosaurus[321] | - Edwin H. Colbert | 1970 | Candelária Sequence (Late Triassic, Carnian) |
Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul) |
May have been a rare component of its environment as only two specimens are known |  |
| Stegoceras[322] | - Lawrence M. Lambe | 1902 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
May have been an indiscriminate bulk-feeder due to the shape of its snout |  |
| Stegopelta[323] | - Samuel W. Williston | 1905 | Frontier Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian to Coniacian) |
United States ( Wyoming) |
May have possessed a sacral shield similar to other nodosaurids |  |
| Stegosaurides[60] | - Birger Bohlin | 1953 | Xinminbao Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian) |
China (Gansu) |
A thyreophoran of uncertain phylogenetic position | |
| Stegosaurus[324] | - Othniel C. Marsh | 1877 | Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) |
United States ( Colorado* Wyoming) |
Had a single alternating row of large, kite-shaped plates |  |
| Stegouros[325] | - Sergio Soto-Acuña - Alexander O. Vargas - Jonatan Kaluza - Marcelo A. Leppe - Joao F. Botelho - José Palma-Liberona - Carolina Simon-Gutstein - Roy A. Fernández - Héctor Ortiz - Verónica Milla - Bárbara Aravena - Leslie M. E. Manríquez - Jhonatan Alarcón-Muñoz - Juan P. Pino - Cristine Trevisan - Héctor Mansilla - Luis F. Hinojosa - Vicente Muñoz-Walther - David Rubilar-Rogers |
2021 | Dorotea Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
 Chile( Magallanes) |
Possessed a "macuahuitl" at the end of its tail, made of a connected "frond" of pointed osteoderms |  |
| Stellasaurus[326] | - John P. Wilson - Michael J. Ryan - David C. Evans |
2020 | Two Medicine Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Possessed an enlarged, thickened nasal horn |  |
| Stenonychosaurus[327] | - Charles M. Sternberg | 1932 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Possibly synonymous with Troodon |  |
| Stenopelix[328] | - Hermann von Meyer | 1857 | Obernkirchen Sandstein (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian) |
Germany (  Lower Saxony) |
Possibly closely related to basal ceratopsians from Late Jurassic China |  |
| Stephanosaurus[329] | - Lawrence M. Lambe | 1914 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
A poorly known hadrosaurid |  |
| Stokesosaurus[330] | - James H. Madsen | 1974 | Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian) |
United States ( Utah) |
Only known from a few remains but they are enough to tell that it was a tyrannosauroid |  |
| Streptospondylus[331] | - Hermann von Meyer | 1832 | Marnes de Dives (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) |
France ( Normandy) |
Originally believed to represent a marine crocodile |  |
| Struthiomimus[332] | - Henry F. Osborn | 1917 | Oldman Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Known from many specimens, indicating it was a common animal |  |
| Struthiosaurus[333] | - Emanuel Bunzel | 1871 | Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) Grünbach Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)* Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) |
Austria ( Lower Austria*) France( Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Romania(Hunedoara) |
Analysis of its braincase suggests poor hearing and a sluggish, solitary lifestyle |  |
| Styracosaurus[334] | - Lawrence M. Lambe | 1913 | Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian) |
Canada ( Alberta) |
Possessed several long horns jutting out from the top of its frill, the patterns of which could have varied between individuals |  |
| Suchomimus[335] | - Paul C. Sereno - Allison L. Beck - Didier B. Dutheil - Boubacar Gado - Hans C. E. Larsson - Gabrielle H. Lyon - Jonathan D. Marcot - Oliver W. M. Rauhut - Rudyard W. Sadleir - Christian A. Sidor - David D. Varricchio - Gregory P. Wilson - Jeffrey A. Wilson |
1998 | Elrhaz Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Albian) |
Niger (Agadez) |
Similar to Baryonyx but with a low sail on its back |  |
| Suchosaurus[336] | - Richard Owen | 1841 | Wadhurst Clay Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian) |
England ( East Sussex) |
Two species have been named, both from teeth |  |
| Sulcavis[337] | - Jingmai K. O'Connor - Yuguang Zhang - Luis M. Chiappe - Qingjin Meng - Li Quanguo - Liu Di |
2013 | Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian) |
China (Liaoning) |
A close relative of Shenqiornis with grooved enamel on its teeth, unique among fossil birds |  |
| Supersaurus[338] | - James A. Jensen | 1985 | Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian) |
United States ( Colorado* Wyoming) |
Several remains were originally believed to represent their own genera |  |
| Suskityrannus[339] | - Sterling J. Nesbitt - Robert K. Denton Jr. - Mark A. Loewen - Stephen L. Brusatte - Nathan D. Smith - Alan H. Turner - James I. Kirkland - Andrew T. McDonald - Douglas G. Wolfe |
2019 | Moreno Hill Formation (Late Cretaceous, Turonian to Coniacian) |
United States ( New Mexico) |
Small yet already possessed several features of larger, more derived tyrannosaurids, including an arctometatarsus |  |
| Suuwassea[340] | - Jerald D. Harris - Peter Dodson |
2004 | Morrison Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Tithonian) |
United States ( Montana) |
Shares features with both diplodocids and dicraeosaurids, but is most likely a member of the latter group |  |
| Suzhousaurus[341] | - Daqing Li - Cuo Peng - Hailu You - Matthew C. Lamanna - Jerald D. Harris - Kenneth J. Lacovara - Jianping Zhang |
2007 | Xiagou Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian)* Zhonggou Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) |
China (Gansu) |
One of the largest Early Cretaceous therizinosaurs |  |
| Syngonosaurus[342] | - Harry G. Seeley | 1879 | Cambridge Greensand (Early Cretaceous, Albian) |
England ( Cambridgeshire) |
Usually considered a synonym of Acanthopholis but it has been reinterpreted as an iguanodont |  |
| Szechuanosaurus[288] | - Zhongjian Yang | 1942 | Kuangyuan Series (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian to Tithonian) |
China (Sichuan) |
Only known from teeth and possibly a very fragmentary skeleton |  |