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List of countries by population in 1500

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This is a list of countries by population in 1500. Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year, and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in that year. The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 12 to 14, which cover population figures from the year 1500 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison.[1]

More information Historical demographics ...
Historical demographics

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Classical · Medieval
World population estimates
List of countries by population
100015001600
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World map from 1565
World map depicting 1555–1556

List

  1. Ming China (23.5%)
  2. Delhi Sultanate (12.6%)
  3. Holy Roman Empire (5.30%)
  4. Vijayanagara Empire (4.10%)
  5. Kingdom of France (3.70%)
  6. Ottoman Empire (2.80%)
  7. Inca Empire (4.60%)
  8. Bengal Sultanate (2.40%)
  9. Ashikaga Japan (2.20%)
  10. Joseon (2.10%)
  11. Spanish Empire (2.00%)
More information Rank, Country/Territory ...
Rank Country/TerritoryPopulation
c. 1500 estimate		Percentage of
world population
–   World [2]438,000,000–
1 Ming China[3][4]
Subdivisions
 60,000,000–103,000,000 23.5%
2 Delhi Sultanate ~55,000,000 ~12.6%
3 Holy Roman Empire[5]
Subdivisions
 23,000,000+ 5.3%
4 Vijayanagara Empire[12] 18,000,000[13] 4.1%
5 France and possessions
Subdivisions
 16,250,000 3.7%
6 Ottoman Empire[15][16]
Subdivisions
Vassal states
 12,640,000 2.8%
7 Inca Empire[19][20] 12-32,000,000 −4.6%
8 Bengal Sultanate[21] 10,526,000 2.4%
9 Ashikaga Japan[22] 9,800,000 2.2%
10 Joseon[23] 9,100,000-9,700,000
9,412,000		 2.1%
11 Spain and possessions
Subdivisions
 8,900,000 2.0%
12 Polish–Lithuanian Union[26]
Subdivisions
 7,500,000 1.7%
13 Grand Duchy of Moscow[28] 6,000,000 1.4%
14 Aztec Empire[20] 6,000,000 1.4%
15 Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt[29][21]
Subdivisions
 5,867,000 1.3%
16 Lê dynasty (Đại Việt)[30] 5,625,400 1.3%
17 Aq Qoyunlu Iran[31] ~4,000,000 0.9%
18 Majapahit Empire[32][a] Less than 4,000,000 0.9%
19 Union of Kingdom of Hungary
and Kingdom of Croatia[33][34]
| Kingdom of Hungary
| Kingdom of Croatia, without medieval Slavonia		 3,000,000[35][failed verification]
500,000[36]		 0.9%*
20 Morocco Wattasid dynasty 3,500,000 0.8%
21 Portugal and possessions
Subdivisions
 3,000,000+ 0.7%+
22 Northern Yuan[37] ~2,760,000 0.6%
23 England and possessions
Subdivisions
 2,750,000 0.6%
24 Champa[40] 2,500,000[c] 0.6%
25 Ayutthaya Siam Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam)[21] 2,000,000 0.5%
26 Muisca Confederation[41] 2,000,000 0.5%
27

Papal States[14]

 2,000,000 0.5%
28 Ethiopian Empire[21] 1,870,000 0.4%
29 Kalmar Union[23]
Subdivisions
 1,690,000 0.4%
30 Republic of Venice[14]
Subdivisions
 1,500,000 0.3%
31 Kingdom of Tlemcen 1,500,000 0.3%
32 Cambodia[21] 1,224,000 0.3%
33 Hafsid dynasty 800,000 0.2%
34 Republic of Florence[14] 750,000 0.2%
35 Kingdom of Scotland[42] 500,000 0.1%
36 Lan Xang[43] 400,000 0.1%
37 Principality of Moldavia[17] 400,000 0.1%
38 Malacca Sultanate[12][d] 135,000 0.03%
38 Republic of Ragusa[44] 90,000 0.02%
39 Nan Madol (Saudeleur dynasty) 25,000[45] 0.004%
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See also

Notes

  1. [a]
    Combined 17th-century population of Bali (600,000), half of Java (2,000,000), half of Borneo (200,000), one-third of Sumatra (223,000), and half of the Lesser Sunda Islands (300,000), plus several other minor islands and exclaves.
  2. [b]
    Only about 1/3 of Ireland was under the English Crown in 1500 (through direct control by the crown, such as The Pale, or through the Anglo-Irish Lords).
  3. [c]
    At its height
  4. [d]
    Population was estimated to be between 65,000 – 200,000.

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