List of endangered languages in Russia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An endangered language is a language that is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. A language may be endangered in one area but show signs of revitalisation in another, as with the Irish language.
- no list
| Language Endangerment Status | |
|---|---|
| Extinct (EX) | |
| |
| Endangered | |
| Safe | |
| |
Other categories | |
Related topics | |
 UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories | |
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines five levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]
- Vulnerable – "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g. home)"
- Definitely endangered – "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home"
- Severely endangered – "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves"
- Critically endangered – "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently"
- Extinct – "there are no speakers left; included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s"
The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO.[2]
| Language | Status | Language Family | Nations | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northwest Caucasian | Russia, Turkey | abq |
| Abkhaz language[1] | Vulnerable | Northwest Caucasian | Georgia, Russia, Turkey | abk |
| Adyghe language (West Circassian)[1] | Definitely endangered | Northwest Caucasian | Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey | ady |
| Agul language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic) | Azerbaijan, Russia | agx |
| Akhvakh language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Azerbaijan, Russia | akv |
| Aleut language (Western, Commander Islands)[1] | Critically endangered | Eskaleut (Aleut) | Russia, United States | ale |
| Alutor language[1] | Severely endangered | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | alu |
| Andi language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Russia | ani |
| Archi language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic) | Russia | aqc |
| Avar language[1] | Vulnerable | Northeast Caucasian (Avar) | Azerbaijan, Russia | ava |
| Bagvalal language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Russia | kva |
| Baraba Tatar dialect[1] | Severely endangered | Turkic (Kipchak) | Russia | |
| Bashkir language[1] | Vulnerable | Turkic (Kipchak) | Russia | bak |
| Belarusian language[1] | Vulnerable | Indo-European (East Slavic) | Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine | bel |
| Bezhta language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic) | Russia | kap |
| Bohtan Neo-Aramaic dialect[1] | Severely endangered | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | Georgia, Russia | bhn |
| Botlikh language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Russia | bph |
| Buryat language[1] | Severely endangered | Mongolic | China, Mongolia, Russia | bua |
| Central Selkup language[1] | Critically endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | |
| Central Siberian Yupik language[1] | Severely endangered | Eskaleut | Russia, United States | ess |
| Chamalal language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Russia | cji |
| Chechen language[1] | Vulnerable | Northeast Caucasian | Russia | che |
| Chelkan language[3] | Severely endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | |
| Chukchi language[1] | Severely endangered | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | ckt |
| Chulym language[1] | Critically endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | clw |
| Chuvash language[1] | Vulnerable | Turkic | Russia | chv |
| Dargwa language[1] | Vulnerable | Northeast Caucasian (Dargin) | Russia | dar |
| Dolgan language[1] | Definitely endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | dlg |
| Eastern Khanty language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic | Russia | |
| Eastern Mansi language[1] | Critically endangered | Uralic | Russia | |
| Eastern Mari language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Mari) | Russia | mhr |
| Erzya language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Mordvinic) | Russia | myv |
| Even language[1] | Severely endangered | Tungusic (Northern) | Russia | eve |
| Evenki language[1] | Severely endangered | Tungusic (Northern) | China, Russia | evn |
| Forest Enets language[1] | Critically endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | enf |
| Forest Nenets language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | |
| Forest Yukagir language[1] | Critically endangered | Yukaghir | Russia | yux |
| Godoberi language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Russia | gdo |
| Hinukh language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic) | Russia | gin |
| Homshetsi dialect[1] | Severely endangered | Indo-European (Armenian) | Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Turkey | |
| Hunzib language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic) | Georgia, Russia | huz |
| Ingrian language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Finnic) | Russia | izh |
| Ingush language[1] | Vulnerable | Northeast Caucasian (Nakh) | Russia | inh |
| Itelmen language[1] | Critically endangered | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | itl |
| Judeo-Tat[1] | Definitely endangered | Indo-European (Indo-Iranian) | Azerbaijan, Israel, Russia | jdt |
| Kabardian[1] | Vulnerable | Northwest Caucasian (Circassian) | Jordan, Russia, Syria, Turkey | kbd |
| Kalmyk language[1] | Definitely endangered | Mongolic | Russia | xal |
| Karachay-Balkar language[1] | Vulnerable | Turkic (Kipchak) | Russia | krc |
| Karata language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Russia | kpt |
| Karelian language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Finnic) | Finland, Russia | krl |
| Ket language[1] | Severely endangered | Yeniseian | Russia | ket |
| Khakas language[1] | Definitely endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | kjh |
| Khamnigan Mongol language[1] | Definitely endangered | Mongolic | China, Mongolia, Russia | ykh |
| Khwarshi language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic) | Russia | khv |
| Kildin Saami language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Sámi) | Russia | sjd |
| Kili language[1] | Severely endangered | Tungusic (Northern?) | Russia | |
| Komi language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Permic) | Russia | kpv |
| Koryak language[1] | Severely endangered | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | Russia | kpy |
| Kumandin language[4] | Critically endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | |
| Kumyk language[1] | Vulnerable | Turkic (Kipchak) | Russia | kum |
| Lak language[1] | Vulnerable | Northeast Caucasian | Russia | lbe |
| Latgalian language[1] | Vulnerable | Indo-European (Baltic) | Latvia, Russia | ltg |
| Lezgian language[1] | Vulnerable | Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic) | Azerbaijan, Russia | lez |
| Ludic language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Finnic) | Russia | lud |
| Moksha language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Mordvinic) | Russia | mdf |
| Nanai language[1] | Severely endangered | Tungusic (Southern) | China, Russia | gld |
| Naukan Yupik language[1] | Critically endangered | Eskaleut | Russia | ynk |
| Negidal language[1] | Critically endangered | Tungusic (Northern) | Russia | neg |
| Nganasan language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | nio |
| Nivkh language[1] | Severely endangered | Isolate | Russia | niv |
| Nogai language[1] | Definitely endangered | Turkic (Kipchak) | Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan | nog |
| Northern Sámi[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Sámi) | Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden | sme |
| Northern Altai language[1] | Severely endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | atv |
| Northern Khanty language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic | Russia | |
| Northern Mansi language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic | Russia | |
| Northern Selkup language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | |
| Olonetsian language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Finnic) | Finland, Russia | olo |
| Oroch language[1] | Critically endangered | Tungusic (Northern) | Russia | oac |
| Orok language[1] | Critically endangered | Tungusic (Southern) | Japan, Russia | oaa |
| Ossetian language[1] | Vulnerable | Indo-European (Indo-Iranian) | Georgia, Russia | oss |
| Pontic Greek language[1] | Definitely endangered | Indo-European (Hellenic) | Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine | pnt |
| Romani language[1] | Definitely endangered | Indo-European (Indo-Aryan) | Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | rom |
| Rutul language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic) | Azerbaijan, Russia | rut |
| Seto dialect | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Finnic) | Estonia, Russia | |
| Shor language[1] | Severely endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | cjs |
| Siberian Tatar language[1] | Definitely endangered | Turkic (Kipchak) | Russia | sty |
| Skolt Sámi language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Sámi) | Finland, Russia | sms |
| Southern Altai language[1] | Definitely endangered | Turkic (Kipchak) | Russia | alt |
| Southern Selkup language[1] | Critically endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | |
| Soyot language[5] | Extinct, partly revitalized | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Mongolia, Russia | |
| Tabasaran language[1] | Vulnerable | Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic) | Russia | tab |
| Taz dialect[1] | Severely endangered | Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic) | Russia | |
| Teleut language[6] | Critically endangered | Turkic (Kipchak) | Russia | |
| Ter Sámi language[1] | Critically endangered | Uralic (Sámi) | Russia | sjt |
| Tindi language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Andic) | Russia | tin |
| Tofa language[1] | Critically endangered | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | kim |
| Türkpen[1] | Definitely endangered | Turkic (Oghuz) | Russia | |
| Tsakhur language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Lezgic) | Azerbaijan, Russia | tkr |
| Tsez language[1] | Definitely endangered | Northeast Caucasian (Tsezic) | Russia | ddo |
| Tundra Enets language[1] | Critically endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | enh |
| Tundra Nenets language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Samoyedic) | Russia | |
| Tundra Yukagir language[1] | Critically endangered | Yukaghir | Russia | ykg |
| Tuvan language[1] | Vulnerable | Turkic | China, Mongolia, Russia | tyv |
| Udege language[1] | Critically endangered | Tungusic (Northern) | Russia | ude |
| Udmurt language[1] | Definitely endangered | Uralic (Permic) | Russia | udm |
| Ulch language[1] | Critically endangered | Tungusic | Russia | ulc |
| Veps language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic (Finnic) | Russia | vep |
| Votic language[1] | Critically endangered | Uralic (Finnic) | Russia | vot |
| Western Mari language[1] | Severely endangered | Uralic | Russia | mrj |
| Yakut language[1] | Vulnerable | Turkic (Siberian Turkic) | Russia | sah |
| Yiddish language (Europe)[1] | Definitely endangered | Indo-European (Germanic) | Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | ydd |