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List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe

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This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers, no spoken descendants, and that diverged from their parent language in Europe.

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Quick facts Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category, Extinct (EX) ...
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Currently extinct

More information Language/dialect, Family ...
Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Region Ethnic group(s)
Aeolic Greek Indo-European 300s BC[citation needed] Aeolis, Boeotia, Lesbos, Thessaly Aeolians
Aequian Indo-European 200s BC[1] East-central Italy Aequi
Akkala Sámi Uralic 29 December 2003[2] Southwest Kola Peninsula Akkala Sámi
Alavese Basque (language isolate) [data missing] Álava Alavese Basques
Ancient Belgian Indo-European [data missing] Nordwestblock Belgae
Ancient Macedonian Indo-European 0–300s AD[3] Macedonia Ancient Macedonians
Angel Danish Indo-European after the 1930s[citation needed] Angeln Danes
Andalusi Arabic Afroasiatic 1600s AD[4] Al-Andalus Andalusi Muslims
Andalusi Romance Indo-European 1300s AD[5] Al-Andalus Mozarabs and Muladí
Antrim Irish Indo-European 25 February 1983[6] County Antrim Irish
Arcadocypriot Greek Indo-European 300s BC[citation needed] Arcadia and Cyprus Arcadocypriot Greeks
Armeno-Kipchak Turkic 1600s AD[7] Crimea Crimean Armenians
Army Slavic German–Czech pidgin 1918 AD[8] Austria-Hungary Austro-Hungarian Army
Arran Gaelic Indo-European 1977 AD[9] Isle of Arran Arran Gaels
Auregnais Indo-European 1960s AD[10] Alderney Channel Islanders of Alderney
Basque–Icelandic pidgin Basque–Icelandic pidgin 1600s AD[11] Westfjords Basque whalers and Icelanders
Batz-sur-Mer Breton Indo-European 1960s[12] Batz-sur-Mer Bretons
Bjarmian Finnic Uralic 1000s AD Bjarmaland Bjarmia
Bjarmian Sámi Uralic [data missing] Northern Dvina Bjarmian Sámis
Bohemian Romani Indo-European 1939–1945[13] Bohemia Bohemian Romani
Borgarmålet Swedish–Sámi pidgin 1700s AD[14] Swedish Sápmi Swedes and Sámi
Botifarra Indo-European 20th century[citation needed] Palma de Mallorca Botifarra (Mallorca)
British Latin Indo-European 700s AD[15] Roman Britain; later Anglo-Saxon England British Romans
Bulgar Turkic 1200s AD[16] Danubian Bulgaria and Volga Bulgaria Bulgars
Buri Indo-European [data missing] western Slovakia Buri tribe
Burgundian Indo-European 500s AD[17] Kingdom of the Burgundians Burgundians
Camunic Unclassified 500–0s BC[18] Val Camonica Camunni
Capraiese Indo-European 1900s[citation needed] Capraia Isola Capraia people
Celtiberian Indo-European 100s AD[19] Iberia Celtiberians
Chinato Indo-European by 1995[20] Malpartida de Plasencia Extremadurans
Chwalim Indo-European after 1945[citation needed] Chwalim Chwalimiaks
Cimmerian Indo-European 620–580s BC[21] North Caucasus Cimmerians
Cisalpine Gaulish Indo-European 50s BC[22] Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gauls
Community of Villages Aragonese Indo-European [data missing] Kingdom of Aragon Aragonese
Crimean Gothic Indo-European 1700s AD[23] Crimea Crimean Goths
Cromarty Indo-European 2 October 2012[24] Cromarty Scots
Cuman Turkic 1770 AD[25] Cumania and Hungary Cumans
Cumbric Indo-European 1100s AD[26] Cumbria Cumbrians
Curonian Indo-European 1500s AD[27] Courland Curonians
Dacian Indo-European 500s AD[28] Dacia Dacians
Dalmatian Indo-European 10 June 1898[29] Dalmatia Dalmatians
Dardanian Indo-European [data missing] Kingdom of Dardania Dardani
Deeside Gaelic Indo-European 18 March 1984[30] Aberdeenshire Gaels of Aberdeenshire
Dician Indo-European early 1900s AD[31] Dobruja Dobrujans
East Sutherland Gaelic Indo-European 2020[32][33] Sutherland Gaels, Scottish people
Eastern Navarrese Basque (language isolate) 1991[34] Navarre Basques
Ebro Valley Aragonese Indo-European 1600s AD[35] Ebro Valley Aragonese
Eiderstedt Frisian Indo-European mid-1800s AD[36] Eiderstedt Eiderstedt Frisians
Elymian Indo-European 500–0s BC[37] Western Sicily Elymians
Eteocretan Unclassified 200s BC[38] Crete Eteocretans
Eteocypriot Unclassified 300s BC[39] Cyprus Eteocypriots
Etruscan Tyrsenian 0s AD[40] Etruria Etruscans
Faliscan Indo-European 100s BC[41] Northern Lazio Falisci
Figun Indo-European 1920s[42] Arrondissement of Grasse Figouns
Fingallian Indo-European 1840–1860s[citation needed] Fingal Fingallians
Franco-Italian Indo-European 1300s AD[43] Northern Italy North Italian writers
Gallaecian Indo-European [data missing] Gallaecia Gallaeci
Galwegian Gaelic Indo-European 1760 AD[44] Galloway Galwegian Gaels
Gaulish Indo-European 500s AD[45] Gaul Gauls
Gelonian Indo-European [data missing] Gallaecia Vorskla
Gepidian Indo-European 600s AD[46] Kingdom of the Gepids Gepids
Golyad Indo-European 1100s AD[47] Protva basin Eastern Galindians
Gothic Indo-European 1700s AD[48] Throughout Europe Goths
Harlingerland Frisian Indo-European 1700s AD[49] Harlingerland East Frisians
Hernican Indo-European 1000–0s BC[50] Southeast Latium Hernici
Herulian Indo-European 500s AD[citation needed] Middle Danube Heruli
Hiberno-Latin Indo-European 1100s AD[51] Ireland Irish monks
Hunnic Unclassified 400s AD[52] Hunnic Empire Huns
Iazychie Indo-European 1900s[53] Halychyna, Bukovina, Zakarpattia Ukrainian and Carpatho-Rusyn Moskvophiles
Iberian Unclassified 0–500s AD[54] Iberia Iberians
Illyrian Indo-European 100s AD[55] Illyria Illyrians
Isla Cristina Catalan Indo-European [data missing] Isla Cristina Isla Cristina Catalans
Istrian Albanian Indo-European 1800s AD[56] Istria Istrian Albanians
Jassic Indo-European 1400s AD[57] Jászság Jász
Judaeo-Aragonese Indo-European after 1492 AD[citation needed] Aragon Aragonese Jews
Judaeo-Catalan Indo-European after 1492 AD[citation needed] Catalan Countries Catalonian Jews
Judaeo-Piedmontese Indo-European [data missing] Piedmont Piedmontese Jews
Judaeo-Portuguese Indo-European 1800–1820s AD[58] Portugal Portuguese Jews
Judeo-Gascon Indo-European [data missing] Gascony Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Judeo-Livornese Indo-European After August 18, 1962[citation needed] Livorno Livornese Jews
Judeo-Mantuan Indo-European 1900s[citation needed] Mantua Mantuan Jews
Judeo-Provençal Indo-European mid-1900s[59] Provence Provençal Jews
Judeo-Salentinian Indo-European [data missing] Salento Salento Jews
Judeo-Sicilian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Sicily Sicilian Jews
Judeo-Venetian Indo-European 1900s[60] Venice Venetian Jews
Kainuu Sámi Uralic 1700s AD[61] Kainuu Kainuu Sámi
Karamanli Turkish Turkic 1800s[citation needed] Greece, Bulgaria and North Macedonia Karamanlides
Kemi Sámi Uralic 1900s[62] Southern Finnish Lapland Kemi Sámi
Khazar Turkic 1100s AD[63] Khazar Khaganate Khazars
Kizlar–Mozdokian Kartvelian [data missing] Kizlyar and Mozdok Georgians
Klezmer-loshn Indo-European 1900s AD[citation needed] Eastern Europe Klezmorim
Knaanic Indo-European 1600s AD[64] Central Europe West Slavic Jews
Kraasna Uralic 1935-1939 AD[65] Krasnogorodsk Kraasna Estonians
Krevinian Uralic 1800s AD[66] Latvia Kreevins
Lachoudisch Indo-European 2022 AD[67] Schopfloch Jews of Bavaria
Laiuse Romani Mixed Romani–Estonian 1940s AD[68] Laiuse Romani of Laiuse
Lanuvian Indo-European 500s BC[citation needed] Lanuvium Lanuvians
Leinster Irish Indo-European [data missing] Leinster Irish of Leinster
Leivu Uralic 1988 AD[69] Gauja Gauja Estonians
Lemnian Tyrsenian 400s BC[70] Lemnos Lemnians
Lepontic Indo-European 0s BC[71] Cisalpine Gaul and Raetia Lepontii
Liburnian Indo-European 200s BC-300s AD[72] Liburnia Liburnians
Ligurian Indo-European 100s AD[73] Liguria Ligures
Locrian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Locris Locrians
Lombardic Indo-European 800s AD[74] Pannonia and Italy Lombards
Lotegorisch Indo-European [data missing] Leiningerland Jews of Rhineland-Palatinate
Ludza Uralic 2006[75] or 2014 Latgale Ludza Estonians
Lusitanian Indo-European 100s AD[76] Lusitania Lusitanians
Malkh Northeast Caucasian [data missing] North Caucasus Malkh
Manx Indo-European 27 December 1974[77] Isle of Man Manx people
Marcho-Magdeburgian Indo-European [data missing] Altmark and Magdeburg
Marsian Indo-European 150s BC[78] Marsica Marsi
Marrucinian Indo-European 200s BC[79] Chieti Marrucini
Merya Uralic 1700s AD[80] Upper Volga region Meryans
Meshchera Uralic 1500s AD[81] Meshchera Lowlands Meshchera
Messapic Indo-European 100s BC[82] Salento Messapians
Minoan Unclassified 1450s BC[83] Crete Minoans
Moselle Romance Indo-European 1000s AD[84] The Moselle People along the Moselle
Murcian Catalan Indo-European 1800s AD[85] Region of Murcia Murcians
Muromian Uralic 900s AD[86] Oka basin Muromians
Mycenaean Greek Indo-European 1200s BC[87] Mycenaean Greece Mycenaean Greeks
Mysian Indo-European 0s BC[88] Balkans Mysians
Navarrese Romance Indo-European 1600s AD[citation needed] Kingdom of Navarre Navarrese
Noric Indo-European 100s AD[89] Noricum Norici
Norn Indo-European 1850 AD[90] Northern Isles and Caithness Norse settlement of Northern Isles and Caithness
North Picene Unclassified 1000–0s BC[91] North Picenum North Picentes
Northern Manx Indo-European 1940s AD[92] Northern part of the Isle of Man Northern Manx
Oenotrian Indo-European 400s BC[93] Southern Italy Oenotrians
Old Novgorod Indo-European 1500s AD[94] Novgorod Republic Novgorodians
Old Prussian Indo-European 1700s AD[95] Prussia Old Prussians
Old Pskov Indo-European 1400s AD Pskov Republic Pskovians
Old Riojan Indo-European 1200s AD[citation needed] La Rioja Riojans
Old South Frisian Indo-European [data missing] Germany or Netherlands? South Frisians
Old Kentish Sign Language Language isolate [data missing] Kent Deaf Kentish people
Oscan Indo-European 0s AD[96] Campania and Latium adiectum Osci
Paduan Indo-European 1600s AD[citation needed] Padua Paduans
Paelignian Indo-European 100s BC[97] Valle Peligna Paeligni
Paeonian Indo-European [data missing] Paeonia Paeonians
Paleo-Corsican Unclassified [data missing] Corsica Ancient Corsi
Paleo-Sardinian Unclassified 100s AD[citation needed] Sardinia Nuragic peoples
Pamphylian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Pamphylia Pamphylians
Pannonian Avar Unclassified 800s AD[98] Pannonian Basin Pannonian Avars
Pannonian Romance Indo-European 1100s AD[99] Pannonia Latin Pannonians
Pantellerian Arabic Afroasiatic 1700s AD[citation needed] Pantelleria Pantellerians
Pecheneg Turkic 1100s AD[100] Eastern Europe Pechenegs
Pelasgian Unclassified [data missing] Aegean Islands Pelasgians
Phrygian Indo-European 400 AD[101] Balkans Bryges
Pictish Indo-European 1000s AD[102] Northern Scotland Picts
Polabian Indo-European 3 October 1756 AD[103] Northeastern Germany Polabian Slavs, Drevani
Pontic Scythian Indo-European 0s BC[104] Scythians Pontic–Caspian steppe
Pomeranian Baltic Indo-European 1000s BC[105] Baltic Pomerania Pomeranian Balts
Praenestinian Indo-European 500s BC[citation needed] Palestrina Praenestinians
Prague German Indo-European after 1945[citation needed] Prague Prague Germans
Pre-Samnite Indo-European 500s BC[106] Campania Pre-Samnites
Punic Afroasiatic 600s AD[107] Iberia, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands Carthaginians
Rani Indo-European 1404 AD[108] Rügen (Rȯjana) Rani
Rhaetic Tyrsenian 0s BC[109] Raetia Raeti
Rotvælsk Indo-European 1900s AD[110] Denmark Natmændsfolk
Rugian Indo-European [data missing] Lower Austria Rugii
Russenorsk Russian–Norwegian pidgin 1900s AD[111] Northern Norway Pomors and Norwegians
Sabine Indo-European 300s–200s BC[112] Sabina Sabines
Sabir Romance-based Pidgin 1800s AD[113] Mediterranean Basin Medieval traders and Crusaders
Salaca Livonian Uralic 1868[114] Salaca Livonians
Selonian Indo-European 1500s AD[115] Selonia Selonians
Semigallian Indo-European 1500s AD[116] Semigallia Semigallians
Shirvani Arabic Afroasiatic 1850–1890s AD[citation needed] Dagestan, Azerbaijan Caucasian Arabs
Sicanian Unclassified 300s BC[117] Central Sicily Sicani
Siculian Indo-European 300s BC[118] Eastern Sicily Sicels
Sidicini Indo-European [data missing] Sidicinum Sidicini
Skalvian Indo-European 1200s AD[citation needed] Scalovia Skalvians
Skirian Indo-European [data missing] North of the Middle Danube Sciri
Slovincian Indo-European 1900s AD[119] Northwestern Kashubia Slovincians
Solombala English English–Russian pidgin 1800s AD[120] Solombala Shipyard English and Russian traders
Sorothaptic Indo-European 100s AD[citation needed] Catalan Countries Urnfield culture
South Picene Indo-European 300s BC[121] South Picenum South Picentes
Southern Goesharde Frisian Indo-European 1981 AD[122] Southern Goesharde Frisians of South Goesharde
Sudovian Indo-European 1500s AD[123] Yotvingia Yotvingians
Suebian Indo-European 500s AD[citation needed] Elbe basin and northwestern Iberia Suebi
Tartessian Unclassified 100s BC[124] Tartessos Tartessians
Thracian Indo-European 500s AD[125] Thracia Thracians
Traveller Danish Mixed Danish–Romani early 1900s AD[126] Denmark Romani
Ubykh Northwest Caucasian 7 October 1992[127] Ubykhia Ubykh
Umbrian Indo-European 0s BC[128] Umbria Umbri
Upgant Frisian Indo-European mid-1600s AD[citation needed] Upgant-Schott Frisians of Upgant-Schott
Valencian Aragonese Indo-European 1400s AD[citation needed] Kingdom of Valencia Valencians
Vandalic Indo-European 500s AD[129] Vandal kingdoms Vandals
Värmland Savonian Uralic 1969 AD[130] Värmland Forest Finns
Venetic Indo-European 0s BC[131] Veneto Adriatic Veneti
Vestinian Indo-European 100s BC[132] Abruzzo Vestini
Volscian Indo-European 200s BC[133] Volscia Volsci
Voynichese Unclassified 1400s AD[134] Italy Voynichese speakers
Wangerooge Frisian Indo-European 22 November 1950[135] Wangerooge Wangerooge Frisians
Welsh Romani Indo-European 1950 AD[136] Wales Romani
West Galindian Indo-European 1300s AD[137] Prussia Western Galindians
Wursten Frisian Indo-European 1810–1830s AD[citation needed] Land Wursten Frisians of Land Wursten
Yola Indo-European 1800s AD[138] Forth and Bargy Norman Irish of Forth and Bargy
Zarphatic Indo-European 1300s AD[139] Northern France and western Germany French Jews
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Formerly extinct

More information Language/dialect, Family ...
Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Date of revival Region Ethnic group
Cornish Indo-European 1700s AD[140] 1900s Cornwall Cornish people
Livonian Uralic 2 June 2013[141] 2020 Livonian Coast Livonians
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