List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe

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This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers, no spoken descendants, and that diverged from their parent language in Europe.

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Quick facts Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category, Extinct (EX) ...
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Currently extinct

More information Language/dialect, Family ...
Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Region Ethnic group(s)
Aeolic Greek Indo-European 300s BC[citation needed] Aeolis, Boeotia, Lesbos, Thessaly Aeolians
Aequian Indo-European 200s BC[1] East-central Italy Aequi
Akkala Sámi Uralic 29 December 2003[2] Southwest Kola Peninsula Akkala Sámi
Alavese Basque (language isolate) [data missing] Álava Alavese Basques
Ancient Belgian Indo-European [data missing] Nordwestblock Belgae
Ancient Macedonian Indo-European 0–300s AD[3] Macedonia Ancient Macedonians
Angel Danish Indo-European after the 1930s[citation needed] Angeln Danes
Andalusi Arabic Afroasiatic 1600s AD[4] Al-Andalus Andalusi Muslims
Andalusi Romance Indo-European 1300s AD[5] Al-Andalus Mozarabs and Muladí
Antrim Irish Indo-European 25 February 1983[6] County Antrim Irish
Arcadocypriot Greek Indo-European 300s BC[citation needed] Arcadia and Cyprus Arcadocypriot Greeks
Armeno-Kipchak Turkic 1600s AD[7] Crimea Crimean Armenians
Army Slavic German–Czech pidgin 1918 AD[8] Austria-Hungary Austro-Hungarian Army
Arran Gaelic Indo-European 1977 AD[9] Isle of Arran Arran Gaels
Auregnais Indo-European 1960s AD[10] Alderney Channel Islanders of Alderney
Basque–Icelandic pidgin Basque–Icelandic pidgin 1600s AD[11] Westfjords Basque whalers and Icelanders
Batz-sur-Mer Breton Indo-European 1960s[12] Batz-sur-Mer Bretons
Bjarmian Uralic 1000s AD Northern Dvina Bjarmia
Bohemian Romani Indo-European 1939–1945[13] Bohemia Bohemian Romani
Borgarmålet Swedish–Sámi pidgin 1700s AD[14] Swedish Sápmi Swedes and Sámi
Botifarra Indo-European 20th century[citation needed] Palma de Mallorca Botifarra (Mallorca)
British Latin Indo-European 700s AD[15] Roman Britain; later Anglo-Saxon England British Romans
Bulgar Turkic 1200s AD[16] Danubian Bulgaria and Volga Bulgaria Bulgars
Buri Indo-European [data missing] western Slovakia Buri tribe
Burgundian Indo-European 500s AD[17] Kingdom of the Burgundians Burgundians
Camunic Unclassified 500–0s BC[18] Val Camonica Camunni
Capraiese Indo-European 1900s[citation needed] Capraia Isola Capraia people
Celtiberian Indo-European 100s AD[19] Iberia Celtiberians
Chinato Indo-European by 1995[20] Malpartida de Plasencia Extremadurans
Chwalim Indo-European after 1945[citation needed] Chwalim Chwalimiaks
Cimmerian Indo-European 620–580s BC[21] North Caucasus Cimmerians
Cisalpine Gaulish Indo-European 50s BC[22] Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gauls
Community of Villages Aragonese Indo-European [data missing] Kingdom of Aragon Aragonese
Crimean Gothic Indo-European 1700s AD[23] Crimea Crimean Goths
Cromarty Indo-European 2 October 2012[24] Cromarty Scots
Cuman Turkic 1770 AD[25] Cumania and Hungary Cumans
Cumbric Indo-European 1100s AD[26] Cumbria Cumbrians
Curonian Indo-European 1500s AD[27] Courland Curonians
Dacian Indo-European 500s AD[28] Dacia Dacians
Dalmatian Indo-European 10 June 1898[29] Dalmatia Dalmatians
Dardanian Indo-European [data missing] Kingdom of Dardania Dardani
Deeside Gaelic Indo-European 18 March 1984[30] Aberdeenshire Gaels of Aberdeenshire
East Sutherland Gaelic Indo-European 2020[31][32] Sutherland Gaels, Scottish people
Eastern Navarrese Basque (language isolate) 1991[33] Navarre Basques
Ebro Valley Aragonese Indo-European 1600s AD[34] Ebro Valley Aragonese
Eiderstedt Frisian Indo-European mid-1800s AD[35] Eiderstedt Eiderstedt Frisians
Elymian Indo-European 500–0s BC[36] Western Sicily Elymians
Eteocretan Unclassified 200s BC[37] Crete Eteocretans
Eteocypriot Unclassified 300s BC[38] Cyprus Eteocypriots
Etruscan Tyrsenian 0s AD[39] Etruria Etruscans
Faliscan Indo-European 100s BC[40] Northern Lazio Falisci
Fingallian Indo-European 1840–1860s[citation needed] Fingal Fingallians
Franco-Italian Indo-European 1300s AD[41] Northern Italy North Italian writers
Gallaecian Indo-European [data missing] Gallaecia Gallaeci
Galwegian Gaelic Indo-European 1760 AD[42] Galloway Galwegian Gaels
Gaulish Indo-European 500s AD[43] Gaul Gauls
Gelonian Indo-European [data missing] Gallaecia Vorskla
Gepidian Indo-European 600s AD[44] Kingdom of the Gepids Gepids
Golyad Indo-European 1100s AD[45] Protva basin Eastern Galindians
Gothic Indo-European 1700s AD[46] Throughout Europe Goths
Harlingerland Frisian Indo-European 1700s AD[47] Harlingerland East Frisians
Hernican Indo-European 1000–0s BC[48] Southeast Latium Hernici
Herulian Indo-European 500s AD[citation needed] Middle Danube Heruli
Hiberno-Latin Indo-European 1100s AD[49] Ireland Irish monks
Hunnic Unclassified 400s AD[50] Hunnic Empire Huns
Iazychie Indo-European 1900s[51] Halychyna, Bukovina, Zakarpattia Ukrainian and Carpatho-Rusyn Moskvophiles
Iberian Unclassified 0–500s AD[52] Iberia Iberians
Illyrian Indo-European 100s AD[53] Illyria Illyrians
Istrian Albanian Indo-European 1800s AD[54] Istria Istrian Albanians
Jassic Indo-European 1400s AD[55] Jászság Jász
Judaeo-Aragonese Indo-European after 1492 AD[citation needed] Aragon Aragonese Jews
Judaeo-Catalan Indo-European after 1492 AD[citation needed] Catalan Countries Catalonian Jews
Judaeo-Piedmontese Indo-European [data missing] Piedmont Piedmontese Jews
Judaeo-Portuguese Indo-European 1800–1820s AD[56] Portugal Portuguese Jews
Judeo-Gascon Indo-European [data missing] Gascony Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Judeo-Livornese Indo-European After August 18, 1962[citation needed] Livorno Livornese Jews
Judeo-Mantuan Indo-European 1900s[citation needed] Mantua Mantuan Jews
Judeo-Provençal Indo-European mid-1900s[57] Provence Provençal Jews
Judeo-Salentinian Indo-European [data missing] Salento Salento Jews
Judeo-Sicilian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Sicily Sicilian Jews
Judeo-Venetian Indo-European 1900s[58] Venice Venetian Jews
Kainuu Sámi Uralic 1700s AD[59] Kainuu Kainuu Sámi
Karamanli Turkish Turkic 1800s[citation needed] Greece, Bulgaria and North Macedonia Karamanlides
Kemi Sámi Uralic 1900s[60] Southern Finnish Lapland Kemi Sámi
Khazar Turkic 1100s AD[61] Khazar Khaganate Khazars
Kizlar–Mozdokian Kartvelian [data missing] Kizlyar and Mozdok Georgians
Klezmer-loshn Indo-European 1900s AD[citation needed] Eastern Europe Klezmorim
Knaanic Indo-European 1600s AD[62] Central Europe West Slavic Jews
Kraasna Uralic 1935-1939 AD[63] Krasnogorodsk Kraasna Estonians
Krevinian Uralic 1800s AD[64] Latvia Kreevins
Lachoudisch Indo-European 2022 AD[65] Schopfloch Jews of Bavaria
Laiuse Romani Mixed Romani–Estonian 1940s AD[66] Laiuse Romani of Laiuse
Lanuvian Indo-European 500s BC[citation needed] Lanuvium Lanuvians
Leinster Irish Indo-European [data missing] Leinster Irish of Leinster
Leivu Uralic 1988 AD[67] Gauja Gauja Estonians
Lemnian Tyrsenian 400s BC[68] Lemnos Lemnians
Lepontic Indo-European 0s BC[69] Cisalpine Gaul and Raetia Lepontii
Liburnian Indo-European 200s BC-300s AD[70] Liburnia Liburnians
Ligurian Unclassified 100s AD[71] Liguria Ligures
Locrian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Locris Locrians
Lombardic Indo-European 800s AD[72] Pannonia and Italy Lombards
Lotegorisch Indo-European [data missing] Leiningerland Jews of Rhineland-Palatinate
Ludza Uralic 2006[73] or 2014 Latgale Ludza Estonians
Lusitanian Indo-European 100s AD[74] Lusitania Lusitanians
Malkh Northeast Caucasian [data missing] North Caucasus Malkh
Manx Indo-European 27 December 1974[75] Isle of Man Manx people
Marsian Indo-European 150s BC[76] Marsica Marsi
Marrucinian Indo-European 200s BC[77] Chieti Marrucini
Merya Uralic 1700s AD[78] Upper Volga region Meryans
Meshchera Uralic 1500s AD[79] Meshchera Lowlands Meshchera
Messapic Indo-European 100s BC[80] Salento Messapians
Minoan Unclassified 1450s BC[81] Crete Minoans
Moselle Romance Indo-European 1000s AD[82] The Moselle People along the Moselle
Muromian Uralic 900s AD[83] Oka basin Muromians
Mycenaean Greek Indo-European 1200s BC[84] Mycenaean Greece Mycenaean Greeks
Mysian Indo-European 0s BC[85] Balkans Mysians
Navarrese Romance Indo-European 1600s AD[citation needed] Kingdom of Navarre Navarrese
Noric Indo-European 100s AD[86] Noricum Norici
Norn Indo-European 1850 AD[87] Northern Isles and Caithness Norse settlement of Northern Isles and Caithness
North Picene Unclassified 1000–0s BC[88] North Picenum North Picentes
Northern Manx Indo-European 1940s AD[89] Northern part of the Isle of Man Northern Manx
Oenotrian Indo-European 400s BC[90] Southern Italy Oenotrians
Old Novgorod Indo-European 1500s AD[91] Novgorod Republic Novgorodians
Old Prussian Indo-European 1700s AD[92] Prussia Old Prussians
Old Riojan Indo-European 1200s AD[citation needed] La Rioja Riojans
Old South Frisian Indo-European [data missing] Germany or Netherland? Old South Frisia
Oscan Indo-European 0s AD[93] Campania and Latium adiectum Osci
Paduan Indo-European 1600s AD[citation needed] Padua Paduans
Paelignian Indo-European 100s BC[94] Valle Peligna Paeligni
Paeonian Indo-European [data missing] Paeonia Paeonians
Paleo-Corsican Unclassified [data missing] Corsica Ancient Corsi
Paleo-Sardinian Unclassified 100s AD[citation needed] Sardinia Nuragic peoples
Pamphylian Greek Indo-European [data missing] Pamphylia Pamphylians
Pannonian Avar Unclassified 800s AD[95] Pannonian Basin Pannonian Avars
Pannonian Romance Indo-European 1100s AD[96] Pannonia Latin Pannonians
Pantellerian Arabic Afroasiatic 1700s AD[citation needed] Pantelleria Pantellerians
Pecheneg Turkic 1100s AD[97] Eastern Europe Pechenegs
Pelasgian Unclassified [data missing] Aegean Islands Pelasgians
Phrygian Indo-European 400 AD[98] Balkans Bryges
Pictish Indo-European 1000s AD[99] Northern Scotland Picts
Polabian Indo-European 3 October 1756 AD[100] Northeastern Germany Polabian Slavs
Pontic Scythian Indo-European 0s BC[101] Scythians Pontic–Caspian steppe
Pomeranian Baltic Indo-European 1000s BC[102] Baltic Pomerania Pomeranian Balts
Praenestinian Indo-European 500s BC[citation needed] Palestrina Praenestinians
Prague German Indo-European after 1945[citation needed] Prague Prague Germans
Pre-Samnite Indo-European 500s BC[103] Campania Pre-Samnites
Punic Afroasiatic 600s AD[104] Iberia, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands Carthaginians
Rhaetic Tyrsenian 0s BC[105] Raetia Raeti
Rotvælsk Indo-European 1900s AD[106] Denmark Natmændsfolk
Rugian Indo-European [data missing] Lower Austria Rugii
Russenorsk Russian–Norwegian pidgin 1900s AD[107] Northern Norway Pomors and Norwegians
Sabine Indo-European 300s–200s BC[108] Sabina Sabines
Sabir Romance-based Pidgin 1800s AD[109] Mediterranean Basin Medieval traders and Crusaders
Salaca Livonian Uralic 1868[110] Salaca Livonians
Selonian Indo-European 1500s AD[111] Selonia Selonians
Semigallian Indo-European 1500s AD[112] Semigallia Semigallians
Shirvani Arabic Afroasiatic 1850–1890s AD[citation needed] Shirvan Shirvani
Sicanian Unclassified 300s BC[113] Central Sicily Sicani
Siculian Indo-European 300s BC[114] Eastern Sicily Sicels
Sidicini Indo-European [data missing] Sidicinum Sidicini
Skalvian Indo-European 1200s AD[citation needed] Scalovia Skalvians
Skirian Indo-European [data missing] North of the Middle Danube Sciri
Slovincian Indo-European 1900s AD[115] Northwestern Kashubia Slovincians
Solombala English English–Russian pidgin 1800s AD[116] Solombala Shipyard English and Russian traders
Sorothaptic Indo-European 100s AD[citation needed] Catalan Countries Urnfield culture
South Picene Indo-European 300s BC[117] South Picenum South Picentes
Southern Goesharde Frisian Indo-European 1981 AD[118] Southern Goesharde Frisians of South Goesharde
Sudovian Indo-European 1500s AD[119] Yotvingia Yotvingians
Suebian Indo-European 500s AD[citation needed] Elbe basin and northwestern Iberia Suebi
Tartessian Unclassified 100s BC[120] Tartessos Tartessians
Thracian Indo-European 500s AD[121] Thracia Thracians
Traveller Danish Mixed Danish–Romani early 20th century[122] Denmark Romani
Ubykh Northwest Caucasian 7 October 1992[123] Ubykhia Ubykh
Umbrian Indo-European 0s BC[124] Umbria Umbri
Upgant Frisian Indo-European mid-1600s AD[citation needed] Upgant-Schott Frisians of Upgant-Schott
Valencian Aragonese Indo-European 1400s AD[citation needed] Kingdom of Valencia Valencians
Vandalic Indo-European 500s AD[125] Vandal kingdoms Vandals
Värmland Savonian Uralic 1969 AD[126] Värmland Forest Finns
Venetic Indo-European 0s BC[127] Veneto Adriatic Veneti
Vestinian Indo-European 100s BC[128] Abruzzo Vestini
Volscian Indo-European 200s BC[129] Volscia Volsci
Wangerooge Frisian Indo-European 22 November 1950[130] Wangerooge Wangerooge Frisians
Welsh Romani Indo-European 1950 AD[131] Wales Romani
West Galindian Indo-European 1300s AD[132] Prussia Western Galindians
Wursten Frisian Indo-European 1810–1830s AD[citation needed] Land Wursten Frisians of Land Wursten
Yola Indo-European 1800s AD[133] Forth and Bargy Irish of Forth and Bargy
Zarphatic Indo-European 1300s AD[134] Northern France and western Germany French Jews
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Formerly extinct

More information Language/dialect, Family ...
Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Date of revival Region Ethnic group
Cornish Indo-European 1700s AD[135] 1900s Cornwall Cornish people
Livonian Uralic 2 June 2013[136] 2020 Livonian Coast Livonians
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