Nucleolin
Protein
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nucleolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCL gene.[5][6]
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| Aliases | NCL, C23, nucleolin, Nsr1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 164035; MGI: 97286; HomoloGene: 136488; GeneCards: NCL; OMA:NCL - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gene
The human NCL gene is located on chromosome 2 and consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 11kb. Intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA, termed U20.[7]
Function
Nucleolin is the major nucleolar protein of growing eukaryotic cells. It is found associated with intranucleolar chromatin and pre-ribosomal particles. It induces chromatin decondensation by binding to histone H1.[citation needed] It is thought to play a role in pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome assembly. It may play a role in the process of transcriptional elongation.[citation needed] It binds RNA oligonucleotides with 5'-UUAGGG-3' repeats more tightly than the telomeric single-stranded DNA 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats.[citation needed]
Nucleolin is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII).[8]
Clinical significance
Midkine and pleiotrophin bind to cell-surface nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection.[9][10]
Nucleolin at the cell surface is the receptor for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein.[11] Interference with the nucleolin–RSV fusion protein interaction has been shown to be therapeutic against RSV infection in cell cultures and animal models.[12][13][14][15]